Forgery and Counterforgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics (166 page)

and 1 Peter,
297
,
297
n.
28

and Recognitions,
320

scholarly debate on,
4

writing style of,
285
–86

James, gospel of,
75
,
149

James Liturgy,
284
n.
1

Jeremiah (prophet),
70
,
136
,
548

Jeremiah, book of,
136
,
548

Jerome

on absence of writings by Jesus,
365

on Acts of Paul,
380

and apologetic forgeries,
101

authenticity disputes of,
74

authority of,
532

on authority of canonical Gospels,
120
–21

on brothers of Jesus,
486

and criteria for authentication,
89
–90,
139
,
140
,
142

De viris illustribus,
520

and defamation of character,
104

and detection of forgeries,
139

and disputed authorship,
75

on Epistle of James,
285

on Epistle of Jude,
299

on falsifications by Rufinus,
65

forged letters purportedly from,
82
–83

on homonymity issues,
48

on Jude,
142

on Letter to the Laodiceans,
440

on letters of Paul and Seneca,
520

on Luke,
278

on 2 Peter,
223

on Peter–Paul relationship,
543

and secretary hypothesis,
223
n.
63

on Wisdom of Solomon,
71
n.
6

writings in name of,
2
,
51
,
51
n.
54
,
121
,
150
,
167
,
530
–31,
532

Jerusalem conference

alignment of apostles at,
257
,
263
–64,
307

Didascalia Apostolorum on,
345
n.
55
,
347
,
349
,
391
–92

discrepancies on,
267

motivations for,
347
,
349

Jesus

and Abgar Correspondence,
2
,
4
,
101
–2,
363
–65,
455
,
456
n.
9
,
456
–57

absence of writings from,
365

alleged letter of, to Peter and Paul,
75
,
91
–92,
104
,
140

and anonymous texts,
49
,
50

and anti-Jewish texts,
328
–32,
337
,
338
–44,
344
n.
51
,
354
–58

apocalyptic message of,
155
,
228
,
229
,
232
–35

and apologetic forgeries,
101
–2

and Apostolic Church Order,
397

birth of,
486
,
487
,
489
–91,
492
–93

birthplace of,
351

brothers of,
5
,
230
,
412
–15,
486
(
see also
James)

and Coptic Apocalypse of Peter,
401
–4,
404
n.
99

crucifixion of,
326
,
328
–32,
354
–58,
359
,
401
,
408
–12,
546
n.
41

deceptions of,
135
,
548

fabrications about,
58
–59,
60

on false teachers,
411
–12

and fig tree parable,
446

the flesh, Jesus’ lessons on,
412
–15,
449
,
450
–51

the flesh of, debates on,
407
–12,
419
–25,
428
,
428
n.
57
,
431
,
434
–39,
451
,
454

and Greater Questions of Mary,
20
,
24

infancy stories of,
105

on the kingdom of God,
231
–32

and leadership of the church,
404
n.
99

literacy and language skills of,
365
,
456
n.
9

messianic line, deceptions in,
547
–48

and Moses,
318
,
320
,
321

and Paul,
309

and Peter,
251
,
309
,
401
,
411

and Pilate,
354
–62,
484
–85

Polycarp’s parallels with,
494
,
496
,
499
–500

and Protevangelium Jacobi,
489
–91

Pseudo-Ignatian letters on,
476
–78

Sibylline Oracles on,
510
–11,
512
–13,
514
–15,
516
–17

substitutionary atonement of,
253

suffering of,
177
,
255
n.
54
,
257
,
408
–11,
409
n.
3
,
421

tour of realms of the dead,
447
–48

and women in the church,
397

Jewish Law

in Acts of the Apostles,
263
,
281
,
288

and anti-Jewish texts,
345
,
346
,
347
–350

and Antioch incident,
261
–62,
307
,
308

and Didascalia Apostolorum,
347
–50

in Ephesians,
186
–87,
295
,
302

and Epistula Petri,
306

and James,
287
–89

in Letter to the Galatians,
304
,
307

and Paul,
187
,
206
–7,
257
,
261
,
263
,
267
,
281
,
288
,
293
,
295
,
307

and 1 Peter,
257

and 2 Peter,
261

and Peter (apostle),
225
,
257
,
261
,
306
,
308
,
332

and Recognitions,
314
–15

and 1 Timothy,
206
–7,
371
–72,
373
–74

Jews and Judaism

and anonymity of works,
50
,
70

apocalypses in,
72
–74

and apologetic forgeries,
100
–101,
482
–83

authority of,
482

circumcision practices,
343
–44

cultural identity of,
287
–88

and Gospel of Thomas,
338
–44,
344
n.
51

Hebrew Bible,
70
–71

Ignatius/Pseudo-Ignatius on,
470
,
479
–80

Jewish scriptures,
250

and Letters of Paul and Seneca,
524
–25

and Martyrdom of Pionius,
504

and Martyrdom of Polycarp,
494
,
497
,
500
,
501
–2

persecution of Christians,
482

and Peter,
332

and Pilate cycle works,
354
–62

plagiarism in Jewish literature,
70
–74

and Protevangelium Jacobi,
489
–91

pseudonymity practices in,
72
n.
10
,
72
–74

and Recognitions,
314
–15

sacrifices in,
319
–20

Sibylline Oracles on,
510
–11,
512
,
519

as topic of scriptures,
152
,
177

Vergegenwärtigung
,
39
–42

See also
anti-Jewish sentiments and forgeries

Job Commentary (Julian),
394
,
463
–66,
474
–76,
478
,
479

Joel,
503
n.
58

Johannine community,
260
–61,
403

John

and Apostolic Church Order,
397

and authorship of Revelation,
88

fabrications about,
59

and homonymity issue,
48

Origen on writings of,
88
n.
66

writings in name of (
see
Acts of John; Apocryphon of John; John, gospel of; Revelation; 1 John; 2 John; 3 John)

John, gospel of

and Abgar Correspondence,
364
,
457
,
457
n.
12

apocalyptic message of,
228

and Ascension of Isaiah,
336
–37

authorship of,
424
n.
38

on crucifixion,
357

on deception,
135

on Didymus Judas Thomas,
230

eschatological theme of,
231

and Gospel of Peter,
330

and Ignatius/Pseudo-Ignatius,
470

on Jesus’ deception,
135
,
548

on Jesus’ writing,
365

on Jews and Judaism,
337

and 1 John,
419
n.
24
,
425
n.
41

on Jude, brother of James,
297

narrative voice in,
270
,
274

1 John

on antichrists,
419
–20

audience of,
424

authorship of,
49
,
199
,
423
–25,
424
n.
39

as eyewitness account,
422
n.
31
,
422
–24,
424
n.
39
,
425

on the flesh,
419
–25

and Gospel of John,
419
n.
24
,
425
n.
41

narrative voice in,
271
,
274

as non-pseudepigraphic forgery,
149

polemic of,
419
–21

on suffering of Christ,
421

2 John

audience of,
424

authenticity of, challenged,
75

authorship of,
49
,
50
,
199
,
423
,
424
n.
39

and homonymity issue,
48

3 John

audience of,
424

authenticity of, challenged,
75

authorship of,
49
,
50
,
199

and homonymity issue,
48

John Philoponus,
98

John the Baptist,
361
,
405
,
485
,
487

John the Presbyter,
48

Jonah,
548

Jonathan,
547
–48

Joseph, father of Jesus

and birth of Jesus,
273
,
487
,
489
–90

and Epistle of James,
284

and Protevangelium Jacobi,
5
,
273
,
485
,
486
,
489
–91

sons of,
5
,
486
,
488

vision of,
273
,
486
,
487

Joseph of Arimathea,
356
–57,
358

Josephus

on Abgar Correspondence,
456

on Acts of Pilate,
352
–53

and apologetic forgeries,
100
–101,
101
n.
30

on Capernaum,
245

and Eusebius,
321

fabrications in writing of,
58

literacy of,
244

narrative voice of,
274

on politically-motivated forgeries,
85
,
99

Joshua,
50
,
135
,
547

Juba, king of Lybia,
98
,
112
,
114

Judas Iscariot, gospel of,
150
,
411

Judas Thomas (brother of Jesus),
230
,
412
–15,
457
,
458
n.
17

Jude (apostle)

and Apostolic Church Order,
397

authority of,
297
–98

obscure persona of,
298

Jude, epistle of,
297
–305

antinomian charges in,
301
–3,
303
n.
48
,
304
,
305

authenticity of, challenged,
74
–75

authority of,
298

authorship of,
149
,
297
–301

and criteria for authentication,
89
–90,
142
,
144

dating of,
299
,
301

and 1 Enoch,
89
–90,
142
,
299
,
300
,
303

and Epistle of James,
298

evidence for forgery of,
298
–301

on faith,
299
,
299
n.
33

on Paul’s authority,
152

and 2 Peter,
55
,
224
,
227

polemics of,
58
,
300
–305

scholarly perspectives on,
4
,
299
–300

writing style of,
298
,
298
n.
30
,
299
–300

Judges,
50

Judgment of Peter,
75