Forgery and Counterforgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics (163 page)

2 Thessalonians compared to,
171

and 1 Timothy,
376

on women in the church,
374
–75,
376
,
384

writing style of,
162
,
176
,
185

2 Corinthians

absence of “borrowings” in,
160

and 3 Corinthians,
428
–29

on faith,
254
,
299
n.
33

on forgiveness of sins,
177
n.
43

narrative voice in,
96
,
271

on “Satan,”
185
n.
67

writing style of,
162
,
176
,
185

3 Corinthians

and Acts of Paul,
426
–27

and apostolic authority,
17

component texts of,
427
,
427
n.
54

as counterforgery,
431

and Didascalia Apostolorum,
349

on false teachers,
215
,
427
–28

on the flesh,
152
,
425
–32,
430
n.
67

and Gospel of Mark,
430

intention to deceive in,
32

themes of,
427
–28

and
Vergegenwärtigung
tradition,
40

Corpus Paulinum,
183

Council of Laodicea,
461

counterfeit writings,
32

counterforgery, definition of,
4
,
27
,
151

critics and criticism

and authority of authors,
85
–92

commonplace nature of,
50

and criteria for authentication,
88
–92

detection of forgeries by,
137
,
143

and Ephesians,
188

and extent of forgery phenomenon,
74
–77

motives of,
79
,
85
–86

objections to forgery,
118

practices of,
80
n.
43

Cross Gospel,
328
,
328
n.
14

curses, literary,
66
–67

Cyprian,
25
,
50
,
75
,
120
,
128
,
140
,
506

Damasus,
64

Daniel (patriarch),
39
,
40
,
73

Daniel, book of,
71
,
73
,
123
,
140
,
334
–35

David (patriarch),
79
,
548

David (sixth-century Christian Neoplatonist),
119

De baptismo (Tertullian),
59
,
84
,
133
,
379
,
383

De consensu evangelistarum (Augustine),
75
,
92
,
104
,
140

De cultu feminarum (Tertullian),
72
,
86
,
140

De duplici martyrio (Cyprian),
25

De ecclesiastica theologia (Eusebius),
475
,
477

De fato (Minucius Felix),
90

De gestus Pelagii (Augustine),
75
,
140

De glandibus (Hippocrates),
143
n.
152

De libris propriis (Galen),
82
,
121
,
167
,
306

De mendacio (Augustine),
535
–37

De monarchia (Justin),
51
,
149

De principiis (Origen),
65

De recta in deum fide (Adamantius),
49

De sacerdotio (Chrysostom),
545
–46

De victu acutorum (Hippocrates),
116

De viris illustribus (Jerome),
520

Decalogue,
288
,
345
,
348

deceivers who were deceived,
11
–14,
16
–17,
19

deception.
See
lies and deception

Decree of Artaxerses,
71

defamation of character as motivation of forgers,
102
–4

Demas,
228
n.
75
,
380
,
381
,
383

Demetrius of Magnesia,
47

Demetrius of Phaleron to Ptolemy II, Letter of,
71

Democritus,
80
,
119

Demosthenes,
138

Derdekeas,
405

Descent to Hades (Prodicus of Samos),
86

detection of forgeries, criteria for,
137
–45

anachronisms and historical problems,
139
–40

dogmatism,
141
n.
149

established patterns of usage,
143
–45

internal inconsistencies and implausibilities,
140
–41

theological
Sachkritik
, 141–42

writing style,
138
–39

Deuteronomy,
231
,
320
,
375

Deutero-Pauline letters

authorship claims of,
173

and Epistle of James,
295

joint-composition theory of,
213

and motivations of forgers,
106

and Pauline school theory,
172
,
172
n.
37
,
173
–74

and 1 Peter,
248
,
250
,
252
,
254
,
255

and secretary hypothesis,
218
–22

writing style of,
160
–61,
162

See also
Colossians; Ephesians; 2 Thessalonians

Dialogue with Trypho (Justin),
324
–26,
338
,
344

Dictys of Crete,
123

Didache

anonymous authorship of,
50

and Apostolic Church Order,
396
,
396
n.
72

authorship of,
55
,
150

on church organization and leadership,
400

as component of Apostolic Constitutions,
14

polemical function of,
385
–86

scholarly perspectives on,
385
–86

Didascalia Apostolorum,
344
–50,
387
–90

anti-Jewish sentiments of,
152
,
344
–50

apostolic character of,
386
n.
34
,
386
–87

authorship of,
55
,
150
,
346
n.
60
,
346
–47

as component of Apostolic Constitutions,
14
,
55
,
391

as counterforgery,
390

dating of,
344

on Easter celebrations,
388

on Jewish Law,
347
–50

polemical function of,
386

redactional analysis of,
344
n.
51
,
345
n.
55
,
345
–46,
347
–48

on the role of the bishop,
387

on women in the church,
388
–90,
390
n.
43

Didymus Judas Thomas (brother of Jesus),
230
,
412
–15,
457
,
458
n.
17

Didymus the Blind,
74
,
223

Diogenes Laertius

and criteria for authentication,
139

on defamation of character forgeries,
102

on falsifying of writings,
62

on Heraclides Ponticus,
11
–14,
53

on homonymity issues,
47

on incidence of forgery,
70
,
81

on lecture-notes publications,
115

Lives of Eminent Philosophers,
70

on Socrates’ paean,
104

on works written in Pythagoras’ name,
108

Diognetus, Letter to,
50

Dionysius of Alexandria,
48
,
76
,
88
–89,
139

Dionysius of Corinth,
63
,
76
,
84

Dionysius of Halicarnassus,
47
,
50
,
80
,
127
,
138
,
139

Dionysius of Miletus,
138

Dionysius Spintharos,
12
–14,
26
,
103
,
128

Dionysius the Areopagite,
1

Dionysodorus,
70
,
104

Diophantus,
85

Diotimus,
84
,
102
–3

Discourses of Epictetus,
119

discovery narratives,
123
–26

Diviniae Institutiones (Lactantius),
515

docetism

and Akhmim fragment,
327

and Apocalypse of Paul,
454

and Apocalypse of Peter,
450

and Ascension of Isaiah,
335
–36

and 3 Corinthians,
430
–31

and Epistula Apostolorum,
434
–36,
436
n.
82

and Gospel of Peter,
90
,
142
,
324
,
327
,
450

and Ignatius/Pseudo-Ignatius,
421

and 1 John,
419
,
420
,
421
,
424

and Letter to the Laodiceans,
444

and Melchizedek tractate,
432
–34

and Protevangelium Jacobi,
491
–92

and Pseudo-Ignatian letters,
467
,
471
,
472
,
474

Doctrina Addai,
101
,
363
,
364
,
365
,
455
,
458
n.
17

Domitian,
301

Drusiana,
59

Easter celebrations,
388

Ebion,
461

Ebionitism,
474

Ecclesiastes,
35
,
40
,
71
n.
6
,
123
,
264

Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius)

anonymous text cited in,
50

on deception,
544

on persecution of Christians,
352
,
353

on Pilate,
358

on Serapion’s condemnation of Gospel of Peter,
90

on Sibylline counterforgeries,
518

Echtheitskritik,
79
,
80
,
84
,
119
,
137
,
141
n.
149

Eden, life in,
235

Egeria,
364
,
457

Elias,
79
,
112

Eliot, George (Mary Anne Evans),
30

embedded forgeries,
34
,
264
–65

Empedocles,
54
,
81
,
115
,
118

Ennis,
48

Enoch (patriarch),
40
,
72
,
75
,
86
,
140

1 Enoch

anachronisms and historical problems in,
140

and criteria for authentication,
89
–90

and Epistle of Jude,
89
–90,
142
,
299
,
300
,
303

survival of the flood,
72
,
86
,
140

techniques of forgers in,
123

tradition represented by,
73

2 Enoch,
73

Ephesians (Ignatius)

on church hierarchy,
479

and Ignatian corpus,
462

techniques of forgers in,
470

theological perspectives in,
472
,
473
,
474
,
477

verisimilitudes in,
469

Ephesians (Pauline),
182
–88

Colossians compared to,
172
,
174
,
183
–84,
186
,
188
n.
71
,
189
–90

Epistle of Jude compared to,
304

eschatological theme of,
152
,
170
n.
30
,
182
,
185
–87,
186
n.
68
,
187
n.
69
,
216
,
228
,
236
,
262

on “false teachings,”
189

on forgiveness of sins,
177

on former life of Paul,
211

on grace vs. works,
185
,
186
,
187
,
295
,
302

intention to deceive in,
78
,
188

on Jewish Law,
186
–87,
295
,
302

letter structure of,
185

and Letter to the Laodiceans,
440
,
440
n.
97
,
443

and motivations of forgers,
106

the people of Israel in,
189
–90

polemics of,
189
–90

and secretary hypothesis,
220

on truthfulness,
541
,
547

writing style of,
122
,
161
,
162
,
175
,
182
,
183
–85,
252

Epictetus,
115
,
119

Epicureans,
107
–8

Epicurus,
84
,
102
–3,
107
–8,
115
n.
74

Epigenes,
86

Epiphanius of Salamis