Forgery and Counterforgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics (169 page)

and Epistula Petri,
306
–8

eschatological message of,
262
–63

fabrications about,
59
–60

on faith vs. works,
261
,
294
–95,
307

on the flesh,
425
–32

forgeries in opposition to (
see
Epistula Clementis; Epistula Petri; James, epistle of; Jude, epistle of; Pseudo-Clementine literature)

forgeries in support of (
see
Acts of the Apostles; 1 Peter; 2 Peter)

gentile mission of,
173
–74,
187
–88,
306
–7,
315
,
315
n.
71

and Gentiles,
187
–88

and Gospel of Luke,
51
,
76
,
117
–18,
188
n.
70

on grace vs. works,
186
–87,
295
,
302
–3

and Homilies,
312
,
315
,
316
–20

and James,
281
,
288
,
290
,
296
–97,
307
,
315
,
317

and Jerusalem conference,
267

and Jesus,
309

and Jewish Law,
187
,
206
–7,
257
,
261
,
263
,
267
,
281
,
288
,
293
,
295
,
307

and Letter to the Laodiceans,
441

and lion incident,
381

and literary fictions,
45
,
45
n.
35

and Luke,
76
,
117
–18,
265
,
267
,
276
–79

on marriage and sexual relations,
208
,
372
,
381
,
383
–84

ministry and missionary work of,
202
,
250
–51,
253
n.
48
,
263
,
267
,
309

motivations of,
4
–5

opponents of,
179
–82,
206
–7,
209
,
213
–17,
226
,
260
–61,
280
–81,
427
,
428
–30,
429
n.
66

oral transmission of teachings by,
173

and Pauline School theory,
172
n.
37
,
172
–74

and Peter (
see
Peter–Paul relationship)

and 1 Peter,
240
,
240
n.
3

2 Peter’s references to,
227
,
229

on purity laws,
208
,
211

and Recognitions,
290
,
314
–15,
317
–18

on “Satan,”
185
,
185
n.
67

and secretary hypothesis,
161
,
218
–22

and Seneca,
1
–2,
101
,
149
,
153
,
520
–27

on Shepherd of Hermas,
48

as subject of debate,
152

and substitutionary atonement of Jesus,
253

on suffering,
255
n.
54
,
259
n.
59

and Tertullian,
76
,
117
–18,
188
n.
70

and unity in church leadership,
257
–58

and
Vergegenwärtigung
tradition,
40
,
41

on women in the church,
207
–8,
374
–75,
376
n.
14
,
383
–84

writing style of,
160
–62

writings in name of,
117
–18,
149
,
150
(
see also
Alexandrians; Apocalypse of Paul; Deutero-Pauline letters; Ephesians; Galatians; Hebrews; Laodiceans; Pastoral epistles; Romans; 1 Corinthians; 2 Corinthians; 2 Thessalonians; 3 Corinthians)

Paul and Seneca, Letters of,
520
n.
91
,
520
–27,
525
n.
108

Paulus im ältesten Christentum
(Lindemann),
287
n.
7
,
295
n.
23

“Paulus und die Weisheit” (Conzelmann),
172

Pausanias,
61
,
80
,
102

Pelagius,
75
,
140

pen names,
45
–47

Pergamum Library,
80
,
84
,
97
,
118

Pericope Adulterae,
365

Periktyone,
109

Perpetua,
502
–4,
503
n.
58

Persaeius,
70

persecution of Christians

and Acts of Pilate,
352
–53,
354
,
357

and Acts of the Apostles,
241
,
257
–58,
482

in apostolic times,
241

by Jews,
482

and 1 Peter,
241
,
256
–59,
483

by Romans,
357

and Sibylline counterforgeries,
518

Peter (apostle)

and Acts of the Apostles,
263
–64,
307
,
315
n.
71

allegiances to,
42

and anti-Jewish texts,
360

and Antioch,
307
,
308
(
see also
Peter–Paul relationship)

and Apostolic Church Order,
397

and Apostolic Constitutions,
15
,
392

authority of,
310
,
311

and bishop succession,
309
–12

and Clement of Rome,
309
,
310
,
310
n.
61
,
311
,
318

and debates of the flesh,
408
–12

and Epistula Clementis,
309
–12

fabrications about,
59

and faith vs. works ideology,
307

and fig tree parable,
446

gentile mission of,
257
,
263
,
306
,
307
,
309
–10,
315
,
315
n.
71

and Gnostic community,
402
–4

and Gospel of Mark,
51
,
76
,
117
–18,
188
n.
70
,
327
n.
8

and Homilies,
316
–17,
320

illiteracy of,
242
–47,
245
n.
23

and Jerusalem conference,
257
,
263
–64

and Jesus,
251
,
309
,
401
,
411

and Jewish Law,
225
,
257
,
261
,
306
,
308
,
332

and Judaism,
332

and leadership of the church,
401
–4,
404
n.
99
,
411

martyrdom of,
241
,
450
n.
126
,
451
,
484

missionary work of,
247
,
250

name change of,
325
,
327
n.
8

Origen on epistles of,
88
n.
66

and Paul (
see
Peter–Paul relationship)

and Recognitions,
320

Sibylline counterforgeries on,
352
–53

and Simon Magus,
313
–14

and Tertullian,
76
,
117
–18,
188
n.
70

tour of realms of the dead,
447
–48

writings in name of,
117
–18,
143
–44,
149
(
see also
Apocalypse of Peter; Apocalypse of Peter, Coptic; Epistula Petri; Peter to Philip, Letter of; 1 Peter; 2 Peter)

Peter, gospel of

and Akhmim fragment,
326
,
327
,
327
n.
8

anti-Jewish sentiments of,
152
,
328
–32

and Apocalypse of Peter,
445

and apostolic authority,
17

authenticity of, challenged,
75
,
76

authorship of,
2
,
223
,
328

and criteria for authentication,
89
,
142
,
143

on crucifixion,
357

dating of,
328

fabrications present in,
60

and Gospel of John,
330

and Justin on Peter’s “Memoirs,”
118
,
324
–26,
326
nn.
6
–7

narrative voice in,
271

scholarly perspectives on,
4

Serapion’s condemnation of,
75
,
76
,
90
–91,
142
,
150
,
324
,
327
,
450

techniques of forgers in,
123

Peter to Philip, letter of,
223
,
409
,
411
,
450

1 Peter,
239
–263

as apologia,
252
n.
44
,
483
–84

on authority of Paul,
152
,
260

authorship of,
33
,
223
,
224
,
240
–42,
242
n.
9
,
247
,
248
n.
31

and Coptic Apocalypse of Peter,
408

and criteria for authentication,
89
,
143

on crucifixion,
401

and Epistle of James,
297
,
297
n.
28

evidence of forgery in,
240
–47

function of forgery,
249
–255

and Ignatius/Pseudo-Ignatius,
470

and illiteracy of Peter,
242
–47

and Mark,
248
,
251
,
251
n.
41
,
254
,
256

Pauline character of,
250
–55,
251
n.
41
,
252
n.
44
,
256

on persecution,
241
,
256
–59,
483

and Peter–Paul relationship,
255
–59,
308

reasons for,
255
–59

scholarly perspectives on,
239
–40

and secretary hypothesis,
218
,
219
,
222
,
223
n.
63
,
248
–49

on suffering,
254
,
255
n.
54
,
256
–59,
259
n.
59
,
483
,
484

and unity in church leadership,
257
–59

writing style of,
139

2 Peter,
222
–29,
259
–63

authenticity of, challenged,
74

on authority of Paul,
152
,
260
,
261
–63

authorship of,
33
,
222
–25,
250

and Coptic Apocalypse of Peter,
403
n.
94
,
403
–4,
408

and criteria for authentication,
89
,
143

and Epistula Petri,
308

eschatological theme of,
152
,
225
–29,
231
,
262

evidence for forgery of,
222
–25

on false teachers/teachings,
226
–29,
230
n.
76
,
308
,
430

and intention to deceive,
129
–30

and Jude,
55
,
224
,
227

narrative voice in,
271

and Peter–Paul relationship,
260
,
261
–62,
308

plagiarism case for,
55

polemical function of,
225
–29

scholarly perspectives on,
4

and secretary hypothesis,
218
,
219
,
222
,
223
n.
63

techniques of forgers in,
33
,
123

and
Vergegenwärtigung
tradition,
41

writing style of,
139
,
223
–24

Peter–Paul relationship

Antioch incident

conflict in,
257
,
261
n.
61
,
264

Galatians on,
257
,
307
,
308
,
316
,
543

and Homilies,
316

and Jewish identity,
287

and Jewish Law,
261
–62,
307
,
308

and Johnson’s case,
290

contrasts highlighted,
309

depicted as

in conflict,
257
,
261
n.
61
,
263
–64,
316
–17,
543

as enemies,
281
,
290
,
306
–8,
309
–10

in unified harmony,
255
–59,
260
,
261
–62,
263
–64,
310
–11

Irenaeus on,
310
n.
62
,
310
–11

Jerome on,
543

texts on

Acts on,
251
n.
41
,
257
,
262
,
263
–64,
267
,
281
,
297
,
307
,
308