Forgery and Counterforgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics (170 page)

1 Clement on,
311

Epistula Clementis on,
309
–12

Epistula Petri on,
290
,
306
–8

Galatians on,
257
,
261
n.
61
,
307
,
308
,
543

Homilies on,
315
,
316
–17

1 Peter on,
255
–59,
308

2 Peter on,
260
,
261
–62,
308

Phaedo,
70

Phalaris, letters of,
44

Phibionites,
19
–24,
58
,
75

Philadelphians (Ignatius),
462
,
471
–74,
477
,
479

Philemon

Colossians compared to,
174
,
178
n.
46

on forgiveness of sins,
177
n.
43

and intertextual interpretations,
376

writing style of,
162
,
175
–76

Philetus,
191

Philip,
392
,
412

Philip, gospel of

authorship of,
2

Epiphanius’ condemnation of,
19
–20

eschatological theme of,
236

on material world,
417

as pseudonymous work,
531

Philippians (Pauline)

on church hierarchy,
205

on Clement,
311

eschatological theme of,
165
,
185

on forgiveness of sins,
177
n.
43

and Letter to the Laodiceans,
439
,
442
,
443
,
445

and Letters of Paul and Seneca,
521

writing style of,
162
,
175
–76,
185

Philippians (Pseudo-Ignatius)

ambiguities in,
478

and Ignatian corpus,
462

Job Commentary’s parallels with,
465

on Judaism,
480

theological perspectives in,
476
,
477

Ussher’s exposure of,
461

Philo,
321

Philoaus,
109

Philomelium church,
493

Philosophers (Phlegon),
81

philosophical schools, forgery in,
105
–21

ancient perspectives on,
107
–11,
117
–19,
173

Iamblichus on,
107
,
110
–11,
111
n.
64

of lecture notes,
114
–15,
115
n.
74

medical schools,
116
–17

motivations for,
112
,
114
,
119
–121

Porphyry on,
107
,
108
–10

scholarly perspectives on,
105
–7,
106
n.
53
,
107
n.
54

Philostratus,
138
–39

Phlegon,
81

Phocus of Samos,
81

Phygelus,
383

Phylarchus,
56
–57

Phyntis,
109

Pilate

and Abgar Correspondence,
365
–66

Anaphora Pilati on,
358
–59

and anti-Jewish texts,
328
–30,
331
,
354
–62,
365

in apologia,
484
–85

fabrications about,
60
,
351

and Gospel of Peter,
328
–330,
331

writings in name of (
see
Pilate Cycle)

Pilate Cycle,
358
–62

Anaphora Pilati,
358
–59,
360
,
361

fabrications present in,
59
,
60

Letter of Herod to Pilate,
361
–62

Letter of Pilate to Claudius,
359
–61

Letter of Pilate to Herod,
362

Mors Pilati,
362
n.
90

Narrative of Joseph of Arimathea,
362
n.
90

Paradosis Pilati,
359
n.
83

on status of Jews,
152

Vindicta Salvatoris,
362
n.
90

See also
Acts of Pilate (Christian version)

Pionius,
494
,
504
–5

Pisistratus, tyrant of Athens,
61
,
62
,
98
,
112

Pisistratus of Ephesus,
70

Pistis Sophia,
412
,
437

Pius, bishop of Rome,
49
,
120
n.
92

plagiarism,
52
–55

in Apostolic Constitutions,
14
,
55
,
384
,
384
n.
25

attitudes toward,
85

in 2 Peter,
55

and scope of book,
6

standards for,
115

Plato

and Allegory of the Cave,
414

and detection of forgeries,
138

Diogenes on works of,
70

on lying,
135
,
540
–41,
542

prophylaxes of,
127

on Sibyl,
514

on Socrates’ paean,
104

and techniques of forgers,
127
,
128

writings in name of,
122
,
127
,
212
n.
34

Plautus,
80
,
138

Pliny the Elder,
54
,
124
–25,
137
,
139
,
241

Plutarch,
46
,
61
,
80
,
84

polemics and polemical contexts,
3
,
4
,
531

political motivations of forgers,
98
–99

Polybius

on eyewitness testimony,
270
,
270
n.
81
,
274

on fabrications,
56
–58

on market for forgeries,
98

on plagiarism,
54

Polycarp (Ignatian),
461
,
462
,
476
,
507

Polycarp (martyr),
193
,
493
,
496
–99.
See also
Martyrdom of Polycarp

Polycrates,
70
,
139

Pompey,
219

Porphyry,
85
,
87
n.
65
,
107
,
108
–10,
119
,
519

Poseidippus,
81

Postel, G.,
485

The Praise of Folly (Erasmus),
25

Preaching of Peter,
75
,
89
,
143

Preparatio Evangelica (Eusebius)
71
,
538

Prodicus,
61
,
84
,
86

profit as motive of forgers,
97
–98

Prolegomenon (Olympiodorus),
112

prophecies,
ex eventu
,
72
–73

Prophecies of Barcabbas,
75

prophylaxes,
127
–28,
131
,
171

Protevangelium Jacobi

as apologia,
60
,
153
,
488
–91

authorship of,
485
,
487
–88,
488
n.
17

Celsus refutation in,
489
–91

condemnation of, by Pope,
486

fabrications present in,
60
,
489
–91

and Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew,
55

motivations of author,
5
,
491

multifunctionality of,
151

narrative voice in,
273
,
274

polemical targets of,
491
–93

titles of,
485
n.
7

proto-orthodox leadership

and debates of the flesh,
407
–8,
411
–12

and Letter to the Laodiceans,
444
–45

and Peter,
411

and revelatory texts,
398
–406

Proverbs,
247

Psalms,
177
,
470

Psalms of Heracleides,
433

pseudepigrapha, definition of,
16
,
29
–30

Pseudo-Athanasius,
477

Pseudo-Clementine literature,
312
–21

Arian perspective of,
458
–60

on authority of Paul,
152

authorship of,
312

on crucifixion,
546
n.
41

Grundschrift,
312
,
313
,
318

on Judaism,
332

on Peter–Paul relationship,
311

polemics of,
313
–14,
320
–21,
459
–60

and Sibyllina,
510

warnings against forgeries in,
127

See also
Homilies; Recognitions

Pseudo-Ignatian letters,
460
–80

ambiguities in,
478
–79

anachronisms and historical problems in,
461
,
463

Arian sentiments in,
394
,
466
,
467
,
468
,
474
–75,
479

author of,
394
,
462
–66 (
see also
Julian of Antioch)

dating of,
460
,
466

influence of,
460

interpolated versions of,
460
–61,
462
–63,
469
–70

Long Recension,
460
,
461
,
462

Middle Recension,
5
–6,
462

polemical targets of,
474
–78,
479
–80

purpose of,
466
–68

scholarly perspectives on,
4
,
461
–62

techniques of forgers in,
469
–70

theological investments of,
462
,
464
,
470
–74

works,
462

See also
Antiochians; Ephesians; Hero; Mary of Cassobola; Philippians; Romans; Tarsians

Pseudo-Justin,
149
,
514
,
515

Pseudo-Matthew, gospel of,
55
,
105
,
273
,
486

pseudonymity,
45
–47

definition of,
29
–30

and intellectual property,
78
–81

as literary form,
78
–81,
128
–29

and motivations of forgers,
97

Pseudo-Plutarch,
66

psilanthropism,
467
,
471
–72,
474

Ptolemy Philadelphius,
98
,
112

punishment of forgers,
83
–85,
132

Pythagoras and Pythagorean school

and Empedocles,
54
,
115
,
118

Iamblichus on,
109
–14,
111
n.
64

and lecture-notes publications,
115
,
115
n.
74
,
119

and literary output of school,
107
,
107
n.
54
,
108
,
109
–14,
111
n.
64

and market for forgeries,
98

poetry of,
79
,
86

and techniques of forgers,
124
–25

Q writer,
55

Qoheleth,
71

Quintilian,
47
,
80
,
114
–15,
135

Quintus,
495
–96,
497
,
500

Quintus Petilius,
124

Rahab,
547

reactualization of the tradition,
39
–42

Rebouel,
406

Recognitions (Pseudo-Clement)

Arian perspective of,
458
–60

authorship of,
1
,
150
,
312

counterforgery of,
318
–20,
319
n.
82

dating of,
312
n.
63

and Paul,
290
,
314
–15,
317
–18

polemic of,
314
–15

on Scriptural prophets,
343
n.
50

“A Reconsideration of Pseudepigraphy in Early Christianity” (Duff),
76

redactional forgeries,
34
–35

religious motivations of forgers,
98
–99

Republic (Plato),
135

Revelation

and Ascension of Isaiah,
336
–37

authenticity of, challenged,
75
,
76

and criteria for authentication,
142

curse in conclusion of,
66

Dionysius on,
88
–89

eschatological theme of,
167
,
229

and homonymity issue,
48

prophecies of,
74
n.
16

writing style of,
139

revelatory texts,
398
–406

Romans (Ignatius),
461
,
462
,
470
,
471
,
473

Romans (Pauline)

Acts of the Apostles compared to,
267

Colossians compared to,
176

and Epistle of James,
291
–93,
293
n.
19

eschatological theme of,
165
,
185
,
216