Parting the Waters (186 page)

possibility that marauding Negroes: Gentile,
March
, pp. 127, 148-49.

impounded for fifty years: WP, Feb. 1, 1977, p. 5; Opinion of the Court in U.S. District Court (D.C.), Civil Action #76-1185 and #76-1186.

peace was fragile: Viorst,
Fire
, p. 225.

temporary drinking fountains:
Life
, Sept. 6, 1963, pp. 20-29.

80,000 cheese-sandwich: NYT, Aug. 28, 1963, p. 1.

“absolutely stupid”: Viorst,
Fire
, p. 224.

exceeded seven minutes: Gentile,
March
, p. 163.

Huddling with John Lewis: Allen interviews of Lewis, Sept. 23, 1969, and Rachelle Horowitz, Nov. 8, 1968, AAP; Gentile,
March
, pp. 171—75; Forman,
The Making
, pp. 333—34.

“Robber Band Enlarged”: Gentile,
March
, p. 160.

in his suite at the Willard: King interviewed by Donald H. Smith, Nov. 29, 1963, Tape 9, SHSW/SP; C. King,
My Life
, pp. 240-41

“Five score years ago”: Draft of King's speech appeared in several black newspapers, e.g., CD, Aug. 24-30, 1963, p. 4.

Also that morning: Gentile,
March
, pp. 176, 212;
Jet
, Sept. 12, 1963, pp. 14-29.

boarded in Savannah: Gentile,
March
, p. 191.

“Woke up this morning”: AJ, Aug. 21, 1983, pp. D1, 4, 5.

historian Thomas Gentile: Gentile,
March
, pp. 135ff.

“celebrity plane”: There is a good deal of correspondence on the effort to recruit celebrities for the march, e.g., Jones to MLK, Aug. 2, 1963, A/KP11f27.

SNCC Freedom Singers: Int. Joan Baez, Jan. 7, 1984, Bernice Johnson Reagon, Dec. 15, 1985, and Rutha Harris, Jan. 23, 1986.

“Du Bois chose another path”: Tape of march speeches, BUK16f34; Wilkins,
Standing Fast
, p. 293.

Christianborg Castle: BW, Sept. 7, 1963, p. 1.

sidecar of a police motorcycle: Garrow,
Bearing
, p. 283.

shaking fingers: Allen interview of John Lewis, Sept. 23, 1969, AAP.

“We come late”: Gentile,
March
, pp. 175, 226.

“John, I know you”: John Lewis, CRDPOH; Lewis interview by Allen, AAP; King interview by Donald H. Smith, Nov. 29, 1963, SHSW/SP.

vapid emotions of the march: Forman,
The Making
, pp. 333-37; Mary King,
Freedom
, pp. 183-85.

“Where is
our
party?”: Tape of march speeches, BUK16f34.

role of women: Gentile,
March
, pp. 140-42, 225; C. King,
My Life
, pp. 241—42.

“spread upon the Journal”: Gentile,
March
, p. 199.

delivered his address: “The Great March on Washington,” Motown recording #908.

“Tell 'em about the dream”: Int. Cleveland Robinson, Oct. 28, 1983.

“came to me”: King interviewed by Donald H. Smith, Nov. 29, 1963, Tape 9, SHSW/SP.

Jackson was happy: MC, Sept. 7, 1963, p. 2.

“damn good”: Int. Lee White, Dec. 13, 1983.

greeted King: Ibid. Also Gentile,
March
, p. 253; NYT, Aug. 29, 1963, pp. 1, 16.

“soar in the wild blue yonder” to “Walter in the background”: Audiotape 108.2, JFK.

At 6:12
P.M.
: Appointment log, JFK.

relaxed its rules: ADW, Sept. 1, 1963, p. 1.

bootleg recordings: Complaints and legal proceedings, A/KP13f15, A/KP16f37.

“marvelous in Martin's speech”: Wiretap, 4:30
P.M.
, Aug. 28, 1963, FLNY-9-273a.

Twenty-three
CROSSING OVER: NIGHTMARES AND DREAMS

Boutwell maneuvered: Memos and phone notes, Sept. 3-7, 1963, BIR/AB20f40.

King sent another: MLK to JFK, Sept. 5, 1963, A/SC1f9.

“Huntley-Brinkley Report”: Manchester,
Glory
, p. 1228;
Newsweek
, Sept. 23, 1963, pp. 62-65.

Sonnie W. Hereford IV: BN, Sept. 9, 1963, p. 1.

Kennedy had federalized: NYT, Sept. 10 and 11, 1963; memos of Birmingham police contact with Justice Department, Sept. 10, 1963, BIR/AB20f38.

declared his intention: BN, Sept. 13, 1963, p. 1.

Mamie H. Grier: Mamie Grier oral history, Nov. 19, 1975, UAB.

noise of the blast: Church bombing generally from NYT, Sept. 16, 1963, pp. 1, 26; BN, Sept. 16, 1963, p. 1;
Newsweek
, Sept. 30, 1963, pp. 20-25;
Jet
, Oct. 3, 1963, pp. 8-26.

attorney Charles Morgan: Raines,
My Soul
, pp. 196-202.

risk taking Marshall: Int. Burke Marshall, Sept. 26, 1984.

“What murdered these four”: MLK statement of Sept. 16, 1963, A/KS5. (King had sent a telegram to JFK on the day of the church bombing, saying “you must call for legislation” and promising to “plead with my people to remain nonviolent”: MLK to JFK, Sept. 15, 1963, Box 1478, Name File, JFK. The next day King sought an “emergency audience” with Kennedy: King et al. to JFK, telegram, Sept. 16, 1963, A/KP14f4.)

“Well, Martin, I did”: John Cross, A/OH.

“her loss was personal”:
Jet
, Oct. 3, 1963, p. 26.

allowed Shuttlesworth: BW, Sept. 21, 1963, p. 1.

“hard as crucible steel”: MLK eulogy, A/KS5; funeral program, BIR/AB5f57.

Nash presented: Diane Bevel report, Sept. 17-20, 1963, A/SC41f8; Garrow,
Bearing
, p. 294.

one of two things: Int. Diane Nash Bevel, Feb. 20, 1985.

“This is an army”: Proposal for Action in Montgomery, A/SC41f8.

foreclosed such hopes: NYT, Sept. 20, 1963, p. 1;
Jet
, Oct. 3, pp. 10—11, and Oct. 10, 1963, pp. 8—10.

“great deal of frustration” to “men I've ever met”: White House meeting of Sept. 19, 1963, Audiotape 112.1, JFK.

protested the Albany Nine: NYT, Sept. 21, 1963, p. 18.

intellectuals were furious: Letterhead Memorandum, Sept. 20, 1963, FJ-NR and FL-NR.

Christmas shopping boycott: NYT, Sept. 22, 1963, p. 1.

“missing face of Christ”: Transcript of discussion, Sept. 22, 1963, moderated by Rev. Thomas Kilgore, supplied by Kilgore to Mrs. Reinhold Niebuhr and to author by Elisabeth (Niebuhr) Sifton.

“big chips on our shoulder” to “anything that gives a hook”: White house meeting of Sept. 23, 1963, Audiotapes 112.6 and 113.1, JFK.

followed the briefing agenda: Civil rights briefing of Sept. 23, 1963, Audiotape 112.5, JFK.

“Birmingham Can Solve”: NYT, Sept. 24, 1963, p. 1.

seventh annual convention: Official program, Sept. 24—27, 1963, FSC-NR (Section 2); NYT, Sept. 25, 1963, p. 33.

Walker demanded: Wyatt Walker, CRDPOH; int. Walker, Aug. 20, 1984.

inebriated elevator scuffle: Int. Septima Clark, Jan. 18, 1984.

“perfectly free inside”: Clark to King, Nov. 4, 1963, A/SC3f24.

Powell renewed: NYT, Sept. 28, p. 22, and Sept. 29, 1963, p. 77.

board meeting stretched: Minutes, A/KP29f2.

all-white airport ceremony: NYT, Sept. 26, 1963, pp. 1, 29.

caution on three counts: MLK confidential memorandum, undated, c. September 1963, A/KP32f6.

Lewis' arrest in Selma: NYT, Sept. 25, p. 32, and Sept. 27, 1963, p. 30; Allen interview of John Lewis, Sept 23, 1969, AAP.

SNCC leaders planned:
Jet
, Oct. 17, 1963, pp. 14—17, 20—22; NYT, Jan. 8, p. 37, and Oct. 13, 1963, p. 77.

Boyte's crash campaign: Boyte interview by Donald H. Smith, Dec. 3, 1963, SHSW/SP; Boyte staff memos, Sept. 20 and Dec. 11, 1963, A/KP29f7.

dismissing four top: Walker to MLK re “Staff Discipline,” undated, A/KP36f4.

Walker exploded: Int. Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, Aug. 20, 1984; Walker to MLK, Oct. 3, 1963, A/KP36f1.

cathartic of fraternal preaching: Int. Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, Dec. 21, 1984, Marian Logan, April 24, 1984, Rev. Ralph D. Abernathy, Nov. 19, 1984, and Bernard Lee, June 19, 1984.

“I have kept silence”: MLK speech, Sept. 27, 1963, A/KS5.

immediately denounced King: MC, Sept. 28, 1963, p. 1; NYT, Sept. 29, 1963, p. 79; BN, Sept. 29, 1963, pp. 1, 11; BW, Oct. 5, 1963, p. 1.

trove of Vernon Johns stories: Int. Chauncey Eskridge, Feb. 20, 1985. Eskridge had gained an acquaintance with the Johns legend from King and also from personal experience. Recommended by King, Eskridge had represented—and later married—one of Dr. Pettus' daughters from Montgomery. Her sister still complained about how Vernon Johns had ruined her life by announcing a watermelon sale during her wedding.

“give me all your notebooks”: Ibid.

“The Romance of Death”: Gandy,
Johns Reader
, pp. 115-23. Johns died June 11, 1964, according to a biography supplied by Jeanne Johns Adkins.

“when Castro took over”: Garrow,
FBI
, p. 68; Powers,
Hoover
, p. 376.

“The Director is correct”: Sullivan to Belmont, Aug. 30, 1963, FK-NR.

“make up your minds”: Powers,
Hoover
, p. 377.

Levison's teenaged son: Director to SAC New York, Aug. 30, 1963, FL-NR.

also on King's home: Bland to Sullivan, Sept. 6, 1963, FK-207; Garrow,
FBI
, p. 69.

confidential draft: Marshall to RFK, Sept. 12, 1963, Box 3, Marshall Papers, JFK.

tacitly asked Hoover: Marshall to Hoover, Sept. 20, 1963, FK-3656.

“feel free, of course”: Evans to Belmont, Sept. 20, 1963, FL-NR.

“high and dry”: Wiretap, Sept. 30, 1963, FLNY-7-560a.

“baloney”: Powers,
Hoover
, pp. 333, 366.

Hoover tried to cover: Schlesinger Jr.,
Robert Kennedy
, pp. 288—89.

“innermost sanctum”: “FBI Bulletin,” September 1963, Edwin Guthman papers.

Hoover refused: Guthman,
Band
, pp. 264—66; int. Edwin Guthman, June 25, 1984.

“underworld glossary”: NYT, Sept. 28, 1963, pp. 1, 6.

Valachi dominated: E.g.,
Newsweek
, Oct. 7, 1963, pp. 34—39.

Kennedy published: “Robert Kennedy Defines the Menace,”
New York Times Magazine
, Oct. 13, 1963, pp. 15ff.

among the President's mistresses: Baker,
Wheeling
, pp. 78—79; int. Clark Mollenhoff, Dec. 7, 1983, and Robert G. Baker, March 31, 1986.

woman named Ellen Rometsch: Des Moines
Register
, Oct. 26, 1963, p. 1; NYT, Oct. 29, 1963, p. 17;
Newsweek
, Nov. 11, 1963, pp. 32—33; WS, March 28, 1965, p. 1.

“don't change your minds”: Bland to Sullivan, Oct. 4, 1963, FK-251.

Mansfield promised: Senate Rules Committee hearings, Oct. 29, 1963, pp. 1794—95.

sent it to the Attorney: Hoover to RFK, Oct. 7, 1963, FK-250.

“Courtney, speak to me”: RFK to Evans, Oct. 10, 1963, FK-171.

privately with Courtney Evans: Evans to Belmont, Oct. 10, 1963; Garrow,
FBI
, p. 72.

directly from Floyd Mann: Marshall to RFK, Oct. 4, 1963, Box 3, Marshall Papers, JFK.

“no living with the Bureau”: Int. Burke Marshall, Sept. 26, 1984, and Edwin Guthman, June 25, 1984.

stricken look: Int. John Seigenthaler, Dec. 15, 1987.

“Our challenge now”: MLK “Confidential Memorandum,” undated, A/KP32f6.

Amelia Boynton: Boynton to MLK, Oct. 8, 1963, A/KP21f10; Navasky,
Justice
, p. 128.

swelling controversy: NYT, Nov. 7, p. 30, and Nov. 14, 1963, p. 14; New York
Herald Tribune
, Nov. 7, 1963, p. 8; MLK statement, Nov. 6, 1963, A/KS5.

Marshall to apologize: Marshall to Rep. George Huddleston, Oct. 28, 1963, and Nov. 6, 1963, Box 18, Marshall Papers, JFK.

nearly fired John Doar: Int. Burke Marshall, Sept. 26, 1984.

Blaik and Royall promised: NYT, Oct. 11, 1963, p. 25; BW, Oct. 16, 1963, p. 1.

talked about football: Earl Blaik, JFKOH; Blaik to RFK, Nov. 18, 1963, Box 18, Marshall Papers, JFK.