Parting the Waters (181 page)

350 by his count: Walker interview and speech, May 25, 1963, Tape #0388, PRA.

King's later memory: King Jr.,
Can't Wait
, p. 58.

Walker briefed them: Walker interview by Donald H. Smith, SHSW/SP.

“picket you over”: Westin and Mahoney,
Trial
, pp. 65-66.

“make a moral witness”: BW, April 6, 1963, p. 2;
Freedomways
, First Quarter 1964, p. 20.

turned out the lights: Rev. A. L. Woods oral history, UAB.

hauled off twenty-one: BW, April 4, 1963, p. 7.

“do the Twist”: Police notes on mass meeting, April 3, 1963, BIR/BC13f2.

get only four of them into jail: BN, April 5, 1963, p. 2.

“I want you to go”: Int. Rev. Edwin Gardner, Jan. 21, 1986.

dogs swarmed over him: BW, April 8, 1963, p. 2.

“wasteful and worthless”: BW, April 10, 1963, p. 6.

speech by Roy Wilkins: BW, April 13, 1963, pp. 1, 8.

buy an advertisement: BN, April 7, 1963, p. 2.

“blackout of news”: BN, April 5, 1963, p. 2.

“calmly to ignore”: BN, April 4, 1963, p. 7.

phone call from Burke Marshall: Marshall, JFKOH.

“Integration Drive Slows”: NYT, April 5, p. 16, and April 6, 1963, p. 20.

complained that never had his work: King Jr.,
Can't Wait
, pp. 65-66.

Life
magazine celebrated:
Life
, March 15, 1963.

“key to life itself”:
Newsweek
, May 13, 1963.

pop-top beer:
Newsweek
, Aug. 5, 1963, p. 61.

added some fifteen: Hearings, House Judiciary Subcommittee No. 5, May 28, 1963, p. 1276.

thirty dollars a month: Hollis Watkins interview by Joe Sinsheimer, Feb. 13, 1985.

“powerless to register”: Watters and Cleghorn,
Climbing
, p. 65.

Moses filed a federal suit: Complaint reprinted in hearings, House Judiciary Subcommittee No. 5, May 28, 1963, pp. 1278-81.

“antipathy toward the defendants”: Plaintiffs' statement of Jan. 1, 1963, A/SC35f17.

on February 1: Forman,
The Making
, p. 293; hearings, House Judiciary Subcommittee No. 5, May 28, 1963, p. 1277.

Gregory announced: ADW, Feb. 6, 1963, p. 2.

thirty tons came:
Newsweek
, March 1, 1963, pp. 30-31.

“Don't let the white man”: Mass meeting of Feb. 11, 1963, Bevel report, A/SC141f5.

Chairman John Hannah said: Berl Bernhard, JFKOH; Lee White, JFKOH; hearings, House Judiciary Subcommittee No. 5, May 8, 1963, pp. 1089-92.

“I know, Wiley”: Int. Wiley Branton, Sept. 28, 1983.

“taken care of”: Hearings, House Judiciary Subcommittee No. 5, May 28, 1963, p. 1282.

“I ain't gonna do”:
Jet
, March 7, 1963, pp. 8-9.

“don't know this plateau”: Moses letter, Feb. 27, 1963, reprinted in Grant,
Black Protest
, pp. 299-301.

Jimmy Travis: Travis affidavit, COFO,
Mississippi
, pp. 8-9; James Bevel, “Field Secretary Report Feb. 28-March 8, 1963,” A/SC141f6; int. Robert Moses, July 30, 1984; “Story of Greenwood, Mississippi,” Folkways Record FD5593; Carson,
In Struggle
, p. 81; Forman,
The Making
, pp. 284-85; Zinn,
SNCC
, pp. 86—90.

Andrew Young rejected: Young to James and Diane Bevel, Feb. 21, 1963, A/SC41f5.

Annell Ponder: Ponder report on Mississippi, September 1963, A/SC155f26.

opened their doors: Ponder report on Mississippi, March 1963, A/SC41f7.

“no longer be tolerated”: NYT, March 2, 1963, p. 4.

Dylan appeared: NYT, July 6, 1963, p. 7.

“Indian babies”: NYT, April 6, 1963, p. 20.

“out of Mississippi tonight”: Robinson to Horton, March 25, 1963, SHSW/HP.

“sang and we sang”: Moses in “Story of Greenwood, Mississippi,” Folkways Record FD5593.

“not stopping now”: ADW, March 28, 1963, p. 1.

Forman intervened: Forman,
The Making
, p. 297; int. Robert Moses, July 30, 1984.

retreating in bedlam: NYT, March 28, 1963, p. 4;
Newsweek
, April 8, 1963, pp. 24-25; “Story of Greenwood, Mississippi,” Folkways Record FD5593; hearings, House Judiciary Subcommittee No. 5, May 28, 1963, pp. 1300ff; Zinn,
SNCC
, pp. 91—92.

“Sic 'em!”: NYT, March 29, 1963, p. 1;
Newsweek
, April 8, 1963, pp. 24—25; CD, March 30, 1963, p. 1.

done about the dogs: Int. John Doar, May 12, 1986.

Marshall bargained: Marshall to RFK, March 29, 1963, Marshall Papers, Box 3, JFK.

described to Robert Kennedy: Marshall to RFK, March 11, 1963, Marshall Papers, Box 16, JFK.

“face resignations”: Marshall to RFK, March 29, 1963, Marshall Papers, Box 3, JFK.

“how heartbroken I was”: “Story of Greenwood, Mississippi,” Folkways Record FD5593.

“There's your story!”: NYT, April 3, 1963, pp. 1, 40.

“your nigger pills”: Int. Claude Sitton, Dec. 14, 1983.

“bring on your tigers”: “Story of Greenwood, Mississippi,” Folkways Record FD5593.

Doar visited Moses: Grant,
Black Protest
, pp. 329-35; Forman,
The Making
, pp. 299-303.

“you can't put it out”:
Jet
, April 18, 1963, p. 23.

Kennedy replied: NYT, April 4, 1963, p. 10.

shake their heads in amusement: Int. Robert Moses, July 30, 1984.

“balanced diet”: Grant,
Black Protest
, p. 335.

“in rare form”: Forman,
The Making
, p. 303.

“eyeball to eyeball”:
Jet
, April 18, 1963, p. 23.

Doar first told: Ibid., p. 26; CD, April 5, 1963, p. 1.

reporters confirmed rumors: NYT, April 5, 1963, p. 16.

get relief assistance resumed: NYT, April 2, 1963, p. 23; Burke Marshall to JFK, April 8, 1963, Box 23, Lee White Papers, JFK.

Doar searched for Moses: Int. John Doar, May 12, 1986, and Robert Moses, March 13, 1988.

barrier of formality: Doar and Moses interviews, ibid.

“cut anybody's throat”: Walker, CRDPOH; for Forman's point of view, Forman,
The Making
, pp. 311-12.

only fifty were accepted: Annell Ponder, 1963 report on LeFlore County, A/SC155f26.

“picked up momentum”: NYT, April 6, 1963, p. 20.

blamed the sudden demise: Branton, CRDPOH; int. Leslie Dunbar, May 12, 1986.

“set the mad dogs”: Police notes on mass meeting, April 3, 1963, BIR/BC13f3.

more than a hundred: King Jr.,
Can't Wait
, p. 67; Kunstler,
Deep
, pp. 182-84.

Gaston's statement: BN, April 10, 1963, p. 6.

postponed plans: Police notes on mass meeting, April 9, 1963, BIR/BC13f3.

plotting with Governor: BN, April 10, 1963, p. 6.

“a sacrificial life”: Police notes on mass meeting, April 10, 1963, BIR/BC13f3.

“parading, demonstrating”: Westin and Mahoney,
Trial
, pp. 69-73.

“in all good conscience”: Ibid., p. 78.

fewer than 150 people: Garrow,
Bearing
, p. 241.

only seven volunteers: NYT, April 12, 1963, p. 1.

Daddy King rushed over: Police notes on mass meeting, April 11, 1963, BIR/BC13f3.

bankruptcy notice: King Jr.,
Can't Wait
, p. 71.

“can't be everywhere”: Walker, CRDPOH.

Good Friday morning: Account of meeting and arrest from King Jr.,
Can't Wait
, pp. 72-74; Westin and Mahoney,
Trial
, pp. 81—84; Walker, CRDPOH; int. Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, Dec. 21, 1984, and Rev. Edwin Gardner, Jan. 21, 1986; Dorothy Cotton, HOH; police notes on mass meetings, April 11 and April 12, 1963, BIR/BC13f3; C. King,
My Life
, pp. 227-29; Raines,
My Soul
, p. 155; NYT, April 13, 1963, p. 1; CD, April 13, 1963, p. 1; BN, April 13, 1963, p. 2.

“perfidious Jews”:
Newsweek
, April 22, 1963, pp. 21-22.

ecumenical reforms: F. E. Cartus, “Vatican II and the Jews,”
Commentary
, January 1965, pp. 19-23.

less than ninety minutes: Ware and Albany Nine cases drawn generally from the case files of C. B. King in Albany. Also int. C. B. King, July 10, 1985, Marion Cheek, July 11, 1985, B. C. Gardner, July 11, 1985, and Ed Haggerty, July 11, 1985; Slater King, “Battleground of Albany,”
Freedomways
, First Quarter 1964, p. 99; FBI reports on picket lines in Albany, e.g., File 157-6-2, serials 1013 and 1040, and File 157-4-2, serial 165.

Marshall wrote Kennedy: Marshall “Monday Report” to RFK, April 30, 1963, Marshall Papers, Box 16, JFK.

“willing to pick cotton”: Carson,
In Struggle
, p. 81.

Moses gently prepared: Ibid., pp. 81-82; Forman,
The Making
, pp. 305-7.

Shame ate him alive: Int. Charles Sherrod, Jan. 23, 1986; Sherrod interview by Joe Phister, undated.

Bevel began to preach: Police notes on mass meeting, April 12, 1963, BIR/BC13f3; int. Rev. James Bevel, May 16, 1985.

pool of Bethesda: John 5:1-9.

“Harry has been able”: King Jr.,
Can't Wait
, p. 75.

“lifted a thousand”: Ibid.

telegram campaign: Int. Clarence Jones, Nov. 25, 1983, and Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, May 1, 1988; Walker to JFK, April 13 and April 14, 1963, both in Box 1478, Name File, JFK.

“get into prison reform”: Int. Harry Belafonte, March 6-7, 1985, and Clarence Jones, Nov. 25, 1983.

“Are you being guarded?”: Police transcript of conversation, April 15, 1963, BIR/ BC13f3.

she was in a bind: Int. Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, May 1, 1988. Walker recalls being upset that the news came out of Atlanta rather than Birmingham, with troublesome confusion over the details, but he had no way of knowing what King had told Coretta.

Walker seized hopefully: Police notes on mass meeting, April 15, 1963, BIR/BC13f3.

General press reaction: WP, April 14, 1963, p. E6; WS, April 17, 1963, p. A20; NYT, April 14, pp. 1, 46, April 15, p. 1, and April 16, 1963, p. 1; AJ, April 16, 1963, p. 5; BN, April 15, p. 2, April 16, p. 2, April 17, p. 5, and April 18, 1963, p. 4;
Time
, April 19, 1963, pp. 30-31;
Newsweek
, April 22, 1963, pp. 28-29.

“Seldom, if ever”: King to Carpenter et al., April 16, 1963, BIR/AB12f44. The original typed letter was addressed to only seven of the eight signers of the Carpenter statement; Methodist bishop Paul Hardin was omitted, most likely by error. Washington,
Testament
, pp. 289-302.

“I'm writing”: Int. Clarence Jones, Nov. 25, 1983.

“His cup has really”: Int. Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, Dec. 21, 1984.

first recorded slaves: Quarles,
The Negro
, p. 19.

two particular slaveholding preachers: Methodist Bishop J. O. Andrew and Baptist Rev. James E. Reeves, Ahlstrom,
Religious History
, pp. 661-64.

the eminent Rev. C. C. Jones: Charles Colcock Jones was the patriarch of a family whose personal letters were published in the prize-winning six-volume series
The Children of Pride
, edited by Robert M. Myers. Jones family portrait drawn from this work and from Clarke,
Wrestlin' Jacob
.

parallel schism within the Presbyterian: Previous Presbyterian compromises on slavery mentioned in Scherer,
Slavery and the Churches
, p. 134 (1797), Ahlstrom,
Religious History
, p. 648, and Woodson,
Negro Church
, p. 110 (1818). Jones's work to hold the Presbyterians together came in the context of abolitionist attacks on the exchanges of support between slaveholders and the Free Church of Scotland, which had seceded from the Church of Scotland. On these complex disputes, see the Cincinnati resolution of May 27, 1845, reprinted in
Free Church of Scotland, Report of the Proceedings of the General Assembly on Saturday, May 30, and Monday, June 1, 1846
, pp. 9—11. Also Woodson,
Negro Church
, p. 113; Clarke,
Wrestlin' Jacob
, pp. 95-145.