Parting the Waters (180 page)

Eighteen
TO BIRMINGHAM

“hit Oxford”: Schlesinger Jr.,
Robert Kennedy
, p. 545.

retrieved Congressman Hale Boggs: Sorensen,
Kennedy
, p. 702.

moved the entire family: Int. C. B. King, July 10, 1985.

“Absolutely not”: Duard LeGrand lecture by David Vann, Center for Urban Affairs, UAB.

The First Family: Newsweek
, Dec. 3, 1962, p. 29; Rolling Stone,
Almanac
, p. 73.

“tip-toe stance”: King address, Dec. 27, 1962, A/KS3.

“infiltrated to the top”: New Orleans
Times-Picayune
, Oct. 26, 1962, p. iv—1.

O'Dell told King: Int. Jack O'Dell, July 1, 1986; O'Dell to King, Jan. 29, 1963, A/KP18f33.

“communist conspiracy”: Testimony, July 30, 1958, HUAC Hearings, pp. 2712-20.

“I wouldn't try”: Ibid., p. 2716.

“What can I do?”: Int. Jack O'Dell, July 1, 1986.

“totally inaccurate and false”: King statement, A/KP18f38.

O'Dell figured: Int. Jack O'Dell, July 1, 1986.

“Turn Left for Scarsdale”: NYT, March 19, p. 31, and March 16, 1962, p. 33.

“Some people would laugh”: Levison intercept, Nov. 14, 1962, FLNY-7-240a; also FBI headquarters memo, Nov. 15, 1962, FS-NR.

agents had planted: FBI headquarters ordered the COMINFIL (Communist infiltration) investigation on Oct. 23, 1962, and planted the five articles the next day, Garrow,
FBI
, p. 53.

DeLoach flatly refused: DeLoach to Guthman, Nov. 7, 1962, Edwin Guthman Papers; int. Guthman, June 25, 1984.

suspicions of foul play: Int. Jack O'Dell, July 1, 1986.

add a fourth wiretap: Garrow,
FBI
, p. 57; the home wiretap was installed on Nov. 29, 1962, FLNY-9-77.

“deliberately sandwiched”: Sorensen,
Kennedy
, p. 482.

“carries the whole nation”:
Jet
, Dec. 6, 1962, p. 7.

wave after wave:
Jet
, Dec. 20, 1962, pp. 6—7; NT, Nov. 25 and Dec. 2, 1962.

cultural divide: Archie E. Allen interviews with Stanley Wise, May 31, 1969, and John Lewis, Aug. 8, 1969, AAP.

Third Kiokee: Laurie Pritchett memo, Nov. 10, 1962, CRA.

“come back to Albany”: AC, Nov. 16, 1962, p. 5.

“President Chided”: NYT, Nov. 15, 1962.

“Dr. King Says”: NYT, Nov. 19, 1962, p. 21; reprinted widely, as in PC, Dec. 1, 1962, p. 1.

Rosen interpreted: Garrow,
FBI
, p. 55.

Jet
declared:
Jet
, Dec. 6, 1962, p. 12.

“reveal a total ignorance”: CD, Dec. 6, 1962, p. 4.

“deceit, lies and treachery”: DeLoach to Mohr, Jan. 15, 1963, FK-NR.

Dunbar could not refer: Int. Leslie Dunbar, May 12, 1986.

December 9: Documents describing installation sermon for Rev. John Porter, BUK5f83 and A/KP1f17.

board meeting: Minutes of board meeting, Dec. 12, 1962, A/KP11f20.

rattling the church: BN, Dec. 15, 1962, p. 1.

“worst big city”: King to JFK, Dec. 15, 1962, Box 1478, Name File, JFK.

“Marshall Plan”: WP, Dec. 18, 1962, p. 18; also George M. Hauser to King et al., Dec. 14, 1962, A/KP3f5.

“longest conference”:
Jet
, Jan. 3, 1963, pp. 6-7.

“We have a million men”: Kennedy interview, Dec. 17, 1962, Tape #BB0443, PRA.

“Reluctant Emancipator”: Howard Zinn, “Kennedy: The Reluctant Emancipator,”
Nation
, Dec. 1, 1962, pp. 373-76.

lobbied privately: Ishmael Flory to JFK, Dec. 3, 1962, A/SC33f15.

“practical considerations”: Budget Director to Lee White, White Papers, Box 20, JFK.

dispatched warnings: FBI Letterhead Memorandum of Dec. 5, 1962, FL-NR.

“so well informed”: Ibid.

“Now, THEREFORE”: Draft enclosed in White to Salinger, Dec. 26, 1962, White Papers, Box 20, JFK.

“minor disaster”: Ibid.

“Louie's got something”: Int. Louis Martin, June 10, 1985; Lee White, JFKOH.

“in a free Havana”: Schlesinger Jr.,
Robert Kennedy
, p. 579.

puffing on a cigar: WS, Jan. 2, 1963, p. 1.

“vulgar pirate chief”: Ibid.

Che Guevara: NYT, Jan. 2, 1963, p. 2.

“Just 100 years ago”: Ibid., p. 7.

secret planning meeting: Drawn from Garrow,
FBI
, pp. 57—59; Stein,
Journey
, pp. 112—13; Schlesinger Jr.,
Robert Kennedy
, pp. 352-53; Cross to Gardner and Walker, Oct. 29, 1962, A/SC33f15; int. James Lawson, Nov. 14, 1983; int. Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, Aug. 20, 1984, and Walker, CRDPOH; int. Clarence Jones, Nov. 25, 1983, and Aug. 18, 1986; int. Jack O'Dell, July 1, 1986.

Whitefield had launched: Ahlstrom,
Religious History
, pp. 280ff.

First African Baptist: Woodson,
Negro Church
, pp. 41ff; int. W. W. Law, Dec. 17, 1983.

parleyed with General Sherman: Litwack,
Storm
, p. 400.

delivered an early version: King speech, “The Negro and the American Dream,” Jan. 1, 1961, A/KS2. (There are many minor errors in the transcription of this speech from the Archives recording.)

Congregationalist retreat at Dorchester: American Missionary Association pamphlets A1316, A1429, and A1313, Amistad Research Center, New Orleans.

“Burke—this is not”: Handwritten note on Hoover to Kennedy, Jan. 10, 1962, FK-107.

“vicious liar”: DeLoach to Mohr, Jan. 15, 1963, FK-NR.

“paper record”: Int. Jack O'Dell, July 1, 1986.

O'Dell complied: O'Dell to King, Jan. 29, 1963 (two drafts), A/KP18f38.

blanked out O'Dell's name: Jones to King, Feb. 20, 1963, A/KP11f21.

background interview:
Jet
, Jan. 17, 1963, pp. 6-7.

“pretty much at peace”: Lee White, JFKOH.

pleaded with him to include: King, JFKOH; C. King,
My Life
, pp. 224-25.

Martin was boasting: Int. Louis Martin, June 10, 1985.

“Baby, you don't send”:
Jet
, March 7, 1963, p. 12.

AJC a leading supporter: Cf. Shad Polier's eight-page report to the AJC, Jan. 15, 1963, A/SC1f12.

U.S. Supreme Court: NYT, Jan. 8, 1963, p. 4.

huddling with Levison: FBI wiretap, Feb. 5, 1963, 2:12
P.M.
, FLNY-7-323a.

“specially presented”: Baldrige to King, Feb. 5, 1963, A/KP14f4.

“expecting our fourth child”: King wire to Kennedys, Feb. 6, 1963, A/KP14f4.

preaching for Adam: Log, A/SC29; also King to Powell, Feb. 15, 1963, BUK5f7.

some of the formative influences: Speech, “An Analysis of the Ethical Demands of Integration,” Nashville, Dec. 27, 1962, A/KS3.

handwritten additions: Speech, “A Challenge to the Churches and Synagogues,” Jan. 17, 1963, A/KS4.

“pronouncements filter”: Ibid. Also NYT, Jan. 17, 1963; CD, Jan. 19, 1963, p. 1.

“I'm sick and tired”: Sermon, March 3, 1963, A/KS4.

taught him to play golf: Int. Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, Aug. 20 and Dec. 21, 1984.

Dooto Records: PC, Feb. 16, 1963, p. 2;
Jet
, Feb. 14, 1963, p. 60.

“evaluation of Negro gains”: Currier to King, Feb. 4, 1963, A/KP23f23.

“plan for a violent revolution”: Powers,
Hoover
, p. 337.

“current prosecutive summary”: Yeagley to Hoover, Feb. 8, 1963, FL-187.

best fourteen informants: NY report to Hoover, Feb. 21, 1963, FL-190.

told Hoover it was useless: Ibid.

interview Louis Budenz: SAC Boston to Hoover, airtel, Feb. 21, 1963, FL-189.

“source who is not available”: Hoover to Yeagley, Feb. 12, 1963, FL-187.

“absolutely feathered”: Lee White, JFKOH.

Kennedy snatched his aides: Ibid.; also int. Louis Martin, June 10, 1985.

Sammy Davis' face: White and Martin interviews, ibid.; also
Jet
, March 7, 1963, p. 12.

“Shifting to North”: NYT, Feb. 13, 1963, p. 1.

Hints of recognition:
Newsweek
, Feb. 25, 1963, p. 26;
Jet
, Feb. 28, 1963, pp. 12-13.

Randolph and Clarence Mitchell refused:
Jet
, March 7, 1963, p. 12.

reviving his 1942 plans: Gentile,
March
, pp. 14-15. Early press rumors of a march on Washington spoke of plans to protest the job displacement of Miami blacks by Cuban refugees. Later stories said that lack of union support forced Randolph to postpone his march against unemployment from June to October 1963.
Jet
, March 21, pp. 14-18, May 23, p. 12, and June 6, 1963, p. 12.

rumors of a feud: Int. Simeon Booker, Feb. 11, 1985.

defect to the Republicans: Joseph Rauh, JFKOH.

hustled up to Congress: Lee White, JFKOH.

Rockefeller seized: NYT, March 6, 1963, p. 4.

“a remarkable job”: NYT, March 7, 1963, pp. 1, 4.

Katzenbach waffled: Dictabelt of March 7, 1963, Item 11A5, JFK.

“The humanist hope”: Sermon, March 3, 1963, A/KS4.

“the lust-infested Augustine”: Ibid.

King hurried: BW, Feb. 27, 1963, p. 3.

were to have commenced: Lewis,
King
, p. 176.

target of March 14: Minutes of executive staff meeting, Jan. 23, 1963, A/SC36f13.

“prime shopping season”: Int. Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, Dec. 21, 1984.

Gaston strenuously opposed: A. G. Gaston interview for PBS documentary “Eyes on the Prize.”

near passage of a resolution: Int. Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, Dec. 21, 1984, and Edwin Gardner, Jan. 21, 1986.

“dignified Connor”: Police notes on mass meeting, March 11, 1963, BIR/BC13f2.

Lawson's job: Int. Rev. James Lawson, Nov. 14, 1983.

nonviolence pledge cards: King Jr.,
Can't Wait
, pp. 63-64.

Even John Porter: Int. Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, Dec. 21, 1984; Garrow,
Bearing
, p. 238.

“the unnamed city”: New York SAC to Hoover and SAC Birmingham, airtel, March 13, 1963, FLNY-9-194.

“destroy the image”: Ibid.

“no nigger any more”: Police notes on mass meeting, March 11, 1963, BIR/BC13f2.

letter to King and Walker: Shuttlesworth to King and Walker, March 15, 1963, A/KP 22f11.

factions of lawyers: Int. Mrs. W. E. Shortridge, July 29, 1986, and Rev. Edwin Gardner, Jan. 21, 1986.

“sold out to Governor”: BW, April 6, 1963, p. 1; AC, April 2, 1963, p. 6.

recruit secret cadres: Int. Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, Dec. 21, 1984; also Westin and Mahoney,
Trial
, p. 51; Levison-Jones conversation, April 10, 1963, FLNY-7-387a.

Atlanta on March 27: Garrow,
Bearing
, p. 236.

pose with the mother:
Jet
, April 11, 1963, p. 12.

slipped back into Birmingham: C. King,
My Life
, p. 225.

on the thirty-first: Garrow,
Bearing
, p. 669; Jones-Levison conversation, March 29, 1963, FLNY-7-375a.

“razzmatazz”: Int. Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, Dec. 21, 1984.

Belafonte's jammed apartment: King Jr.,
Can't Wait
, p. 57; Kunstler,
Deep
, pp. 173-75; int. Clarence Jones, Nov. 25, 1983; int. Hugh Morrow, Dec. 20, 1984; Levison-Jones conversation, April 1, 1963, FLNY-9-124a.

“You are
torture
”: Int. Harry Belafonte, March 6-7, 1985.

Opera tour: Jackson P. Dick, Jr., to King, March 29, 1963, A/KP7f5.

left that same afternoon: Coretta King interview by Donald H. Smith, Dec. 7, 1963, SHSW/SP; C. King,
My Life
, p. 225.

waiting with his clipboard: Int. Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, Dec. 21, 1984; Walker interview for PBS documentary “Eyes on the Prize.”

Nineteen
GREENWOOD AND BIRMINGHAM JAIL