Imperial Requiem: Four Royal Women and the Fall of the Age of Empires (108 page)

25. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, p. 347.

26. Viktoria Luise,
The Kaiser’s Daughter
, pp. 151–152.

27. New York Times
, April 19, 1921.

28. Viktoria Luise,
The Kaiser’s Daughter
, pp. 151–152.

29. New York Times
, April 19, 1921.

30. Clay,
King, Kaiser, Tsar
, p. 354.

31. MacDonogh,
The Last Kaiser
, p. 427.

32. Harding,
Imperial Twilight
, p. 133. This refers to the Treaty of Versailles that was signed at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. Signed at the Palace of Versailles, the treaty confirmed the borders of postwar Europe and stipulated that the Habsburgs and Hohenzollerns were barred from ever returning to the Austrian and German thrones, respectively.

33. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Habsburg
, pp. 278–279.

34. Harding,
Imperial Twilight
, p. 201.

35. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Habsburg
, p. 284.

36. Brook-Shepherd,
Uncrowned Emperor
, p. 59.

37. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Habsburg
, p. 285.

38. Harding,
Imperial Twilight
, p. 210.

39. Thomas, “Empress Zita,”
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
, p. 4.

40. Sakmyster,
Hungary’s Admiral
, pp. 113–115.

41. Brook-Shepherd,
Uncrowned Emperor
, p. 61.

42. Harding,
Imperial Twilight
, p. 241.

43. Brook-Shepherd,
Uncrowned Emperor
, pp. 118–119.

44. Harding,
Imperial Twilight
, p. 248.

45. Charles and Zita would not be the last foreign monarchs to be taken into “protective custody” by the British. Even into the Second World War, rulers of less powerful countries who did not conform to the British agenda were forced to abdicate, usually by military occupation, economic sanctions, or diplomatic leverage. In almost every instance, these rulers and their relatives were taken aboard British naval vessels; it would then be implied they were being taken somewhere for their own safety. In the end—like the emperor and empress of Austria—they would always be taken to remote corners of the world in a Napoleonesque manner to remove them from spheres of influences. One of the most famous examples was the forced abdication of the Reza Shah of Iran in the 1940s, who was eventually taken to South Africa.

46. New York Times
, November 4, 1921.

47. Diary entry of Empress Zita, November 6–7, 1921, in
The Last Habsburg
, Brook-Shepherd, p. 307.

48. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 137.

49. Harding,
Imperial Twilight
, p. 257.

50. Diary entry of Empress Zita, November 8, 1921, in
The Last Habsburg
, Brook-Shepherd, p. 309.

51. Diary entry of Empress Zita, November 10, 1921, in ibid., p. 310.

52. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 139.

53. Diary entry of Empress Zita, November 19, 1921, in
The Last Habsburg
, Brook-Shepherd, p. 319.

54. Ibid.

26: “I Can’t Go On Much Longer”

1. Brook-Shepherd,
Uncrowned Emperor
, p. 63.

2. New York Times
, January 13, 1922.

3. Brandreth,
Philip and Elizabeth
, p. 57.

4. King George V to Queen Mary, undated, August 1925, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 516.

5. Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 515.

6. Princess Mary did not become the Princess Royal until January 1, 1932. The title does not automatically go to the monarch’s eldest daughter. The incumbent must wait until the current Princess Royal has died. In this case, Mary had to wait for the death of her aunt Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife, to inherit the title. It also must be bestowed by the monarch. King George V issued letters patent to that end.

7. Duff,
Queen Mary
, p. 174.

8. Diary entry of Queen Mary, November 21, 1921, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 518.

9. Queen Mary to Adolphus, Marquess of Cambridge, November 22, 1921, in ibid.

10. Times
, February 28, 1922.

11. Diary entry of King George V, February 28, 1922, in Hough,
Born Royal
, p. 212.

12. Queen Mary to Edward, Prince of Wales, March 2, 1922, in Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 290.

13. Shawcross,
Queen Elizabeth
, p. 112.

14. Albert, Duke of York, to Edward, Prince of Wales, February 22, 1922, in Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 521.

15. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 148.

16. Harding,
Imperial Twilight
, p. 264.

17. Thomas, “Empress Zita,”
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
, p. 4.

18. Karl Werkmann,
Der Tote auf Madeira
(Munich: Kulturpolitik, 1923), p. 307.

19. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Habsburg
, p. 328.

20. Wheatcroft,
The Habsburgs
, p. 290.

21. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 144.

22. Brook-Shepherd,
Uncrowned Emperor
, p. 70.

23. Thomas, “Empress Zita,”
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
, p. 4.

24. Werkmann,
Der Tote
, pp. 310–311.

25. Die Presse
, April 2, 1922.

26. Brook-Shepherd,
Uncrowned Emperor
, p. 72.

27. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, pp. 144–145.

28. Snyder,
The Red Prince
, p. 131.

27: Return to Grace

1. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 144.

2. Harding,
Imperial Twilight
, p. 272.

3. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, pp. 150–151.

4. Brook-Shepherd,
Uncrowned Emperor
, p. 73.

5. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 294.

6. Harding,
Imperial Twilight
, pp. 288–289.

7. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 303.

8. F. O. Lindley to George Curzon, First Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, October 1, 1922, in
From Splendor to Revolution
, Gelardi, p. 376.

9. Queen Olga to King George V, November 23/December 6, 1922, the Royal Archives, RA GV/PRIV/AA 46/99, in ibid., pp. 376–377.

10. Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 311.

11. Diary entry of Queen Mary, May 13, 1922, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 527.

12. Queen Mary to Emily Alcock, February 21, 1923, in ibid., pp. 527–528.

13. According to William Shawcross, the Queen Mother’s official biographer, the Bowes-Lyon family omits the hyphen from their name (Shawcross,
Queen Elizabeth
, p. 8n). The author has chosen to leave the name hyphenated to avoid confusion.

14. Diary entry of King George V, July 17, 1917, in
Queen Elizabeth
, Shawcross, p. 113n.

15. Queen Mary to Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, January 15, 1923, in ibid., p. 152.

16. Albert, Duke of York, to Queen Mary, April 27, 1923, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 529.

17. Shawcross,
Queen Elizabeth
, p. 161.

18. Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 525.

19. Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 300.

20. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, p. 378.

21. Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 538.

22. Duff,
Queen Mary
, p. 186.

23. Diary entry of Queen Mary, April 21, 1926, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 530.

24. Brandreth,
Philip and Elizabeth
, p. 58.

25. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, p. 383.

26. Ibid., p. 358.

27. Ibid., p. 369.

28. Albert, Duke of York to Edward, Prince of Wales, December 6, 1928, in
Queen Elizabeth
, Shawcross, p. 303.

29. Diary entry of Queen Mary, December 2, 1928, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 542.

30. Diary entry of Queen Mary, January 6, 1929, in ibid., p. 544.

31. Van der Kiste,
Crowns in a Changing World
, p. 174.

32. Philip Ziegler,
King Edward VIII: The Official Biography
(London: HarperCollins, 1990), p. 199.

28: The Tinge of Sunset

1. Harding,
Imperial Twilight
, p. 293.

2. Thomas, “Empress Zita,”
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
, p. 5.