Imperial Requiem: Four Royal Women and the Fall of the Age of Empires (106 page)

34. Ibid.

35. Thomas, “Empress Zita,”
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
, p. 4.

36. Diary entry of Empress Zita, April 14, 1918, in
The Last Empress
, Brook-Shepherd, pp. 102–103.

21: The House of Special Purpose

1. Snyder,
The Red Prince
, p. 102.

2. Cecil,
Wilhelm II
, p. 275.

3. Wilson and King,
Resurrection of the Romanovs
, p. 102.

4. Dorpalen, “Empress Auguste Victoria,”
The American Historical Review
, p. 29.

5. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, p. 333.

6. Emperor Wilhelm II to Empress Augusta Victoria, September 29, 1918, in
The Kaiser’s Daughter
, Viktoria Luise, p. 119.

7. Emperor Wilhelm II to Empress Augusta Victoria, September 30, 1918, in ibid., pp. 120–121.

8. Rappaport,
Last Days of the Romanovs
, p. 94.

9. Buxhoeveden,
Alexandra Feodorovna
, p. 329.

10. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 269.

11. Receipt of the Ural Regional Soviet, April 30, 1918, in Kurth,
Tsar
, pp. 184-185.

12. Wilson and King,
Resurrection of the Romanovs
, p. 82.

13. Ibid., pp. 83–84.

14. King,
The Last Empress
, p. 344.

15. Viroubova,
Memories
, p. 305.

16. Ibid., p. 318.

17. Kursh,
Tsar
, p. 176.

18. Diary entry of Afansy Beliaev, March 2–31, 1917, in
Fall of the Romanovs
, Steinberg and Khrustalëv, p. 144.

19. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 270.

20. Erickson,
Alexandra
, p. 341.

21. Ibid., p. 344.

22. Ibid., p. 345.

23. Wilson and King,
Resurrection of the Romanovs
, p. 90.

24. Rappaport,
Last Days of the Romanovs
, p. 162.

25. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 270.

26. Diary entry of Alexandra Romanova, July 3/16, 1918, in Kurth,
Tsar
, p. 194.

27. Erickson,
Alexandra
, p. 351.

28. Rappaport,
Last Days of the Romanovs
, p. 186.

29. Ibid., p. 188.

30. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 271.

22: The Fall of Eagles

1. Rappaport,
Last Days of the Romanovs
, pp. 58–59.

2. Edwards,
Matriarch
, pp. 274–275.

3. Diary entry of Queen Mary, July 24, 1918, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 505.

4. Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 382.

5. Diary entry of King George V, August 31, 1918, GV/PRIV/GVD, King George V Papers, the Royal Archives, quoted in
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, Carter, p. 411.

6. Lord Stamfordham to Lord Esher, July 25, 1918, in
George V
, Rose, p. 217.

7. Massie,
Nicholas and Alexandra
, p. 498.

8. Lewiston Evening Journal
, April 11, 1921.

9. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 260.

10. Since Maria Louisa’s wedding was less than a year after Zita was born, the two sisters were never close. Maria Louisa died in 1899 from pneumonia twenty-four hours after giving birth to her last child when Zita was only seven. Ferdinand did not become King of the Bulgarians until 1908, so Zita’s sister was never queen consort.

11. Brook-Shepherd,
Uncrowned Emperor
, p. 33.

12. Taylor,
Fall of the Dynasties
, p. 358.

13. Empress Zita to Gordon Brook-Shepherd, October 9, 1978, in
The Last Empress
, Brook-Shepherd, p. 110.

14. Thomas, “Empress Zita,”
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
, p. 4.

15. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Habsburg
, p. 168.

16. Beech and McIntosh,
Empress Zita of Austria
, p. 111.

17. George,
Heirs of Tradition
, p. 206.

18. Toland,
No Man’s Land
, pp. 586–587.

19. A. J. P. Taylor,
The Habsburg Monarchy, 1809–1918: A History of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary
(London: Hamish Hamilton, 1948), p. 265.

20. S. Miles Bouton,
And the Kaiser Abdicates: The German Revolution November 1918–August 1919
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1921), p. 126.

21. Thomas, “Empress Zita,”
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
, p. 4.

22. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Habsburg
, p. 188.

23. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Empress
, p. 121.

24. Bouton,
And the Kaiser Abdicates
, p. 127–128.

25. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Empress
, p. 131.

26. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Habsburg
, p. 205.

27. Ibid., p. 215.

28. Toland,
No Man’s Lands
, p. 587.

29. Taylor,
Fall of the Dynasties
, p. 352.

30. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Empress
, p. 132.

31. Guardian
, July 4, 2011.

32. Snyder,
The Red Prince
, p. 108.

33. Wilson and King,
Resurrection of the Romanovs
, p. 102.

34. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
(Kobo desktop version), chap. 8, para 39.

35. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 412.

36. Tyler-Whittle,
The Last Kaiser
, p. 296.

37. Taylor,
Fall of the Dynasties
, p. 323.

38. Ibid., p. 325.

39. Princess Ina Luise of Solms-Baruth to Princess Daisy of Pless, November 7, 1918, in “Empress Auguste Victoria,”
The American Historical Review
, Dorpalen, p. 37.

40. Dorpalen, “Empress Auguste Victoria,”
The American Historical Review
, p. 33.

41. Emperor Wilhelm II to Empress Augusta Victoria, November 8, 1918, in
The Kaiser’s Daughter
, Viktoria Luise, pp. 135–136.

42. Gordon Brook-Shepherd,
November 1918
(Boston & Toronto: Little, Brown, 1981), p. 357.

43. Bouton,
And the Kaiser Abdicates
, p. 178.

44. Taylor,
Fall of the Dynasties
, p. 342.

45. Brook-Shepherd,
November 1918
, p. 364.

46. Emperor Wilhelm II to Empress Augusta Victoria, November 9, 1918, in
The Kaiser’s Daughter
, Viktoria Luise, p. 138.

47. Diary entry of Queen Mary, November 9, 1918, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 507.

48. Diary entry of King George V, November 9, 1918, in
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, Carter, p. 413.

49. Taylor,
Fall of the Dynasties
, p. 346.

50. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 414.

51. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Empress
, p. 127.

52. Clay,
King, Kaiser, Tsar
, p. 352.

53. Wakeford,
Three Consort Queens
, p. 180.

54. Shawcross,
Queen Elizabeth
, p. 96.

55. Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 280.

56. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 405.

57. Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 280.

58. Empress Augusta Victoria to Victoria Louise, Duchess of Brunswick, November 11, 1918, in
The Kaiser’s Daughter
, Viktoria Luise, p. 144.

59. New York Times
, November 13, 1918.

60. Dorpalen, “Empress Auguste Victoria,”
The American Historical Review
, p. 38.

61. Viktoria Luise,
The Kaiser’s Daughter
, p. 144.

62. Tyler-Whittle,
The Last Kaiser
, p. 308.

63. Radziwill,
Disillusions of a Crown Princess,
p. 213.

Part 4: Twilight and Shadow (1918–89)

23: The Edge of Night

1. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, p. 346.