Imperial Requiem: Four Royal Women and the Fall of the Age of Empires (102 page)

46. Queen Mary to Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, May 15, 1910 in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 417.

47. The scale of the funeral, up to and including the august personages in attendance, was literally unmatched in history. Nothing close to it was seen until 1971, when Iran celebrated the twenty-five-hundred-year anniversary of the Persian Empire. This celebration of monarchy remains the largest gathering of world leaders in human history. The guest list included more than two dozen monarchs, royals, and viceroys, along with another thirty presidents and prime ministers.

48. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 170.

49. Barbara Tuchman,
The Guns of August
(New York: Ballantine Books Presidio Press, 2004), p. 1.

50. Empress Marie Feodorovna to Tsar Nicholas II, May 7/20, 1910, in
Tsar Nicholas and Empress Marie
, Bing, p. 254.

51. Tuchman,
Guns of August
, p. 4.

52. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 196.

53. Wakeford,
Three Consort Queens
, p. 150.

54. Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 185.

55. Hall,
Little Mother of Russia
, p. 231.

56. Wakeford,
Three Consort Queens
, p. 150.

57. Queen Mary to King George V, October 22, 1910, GV/PRIV/CC8/118, King George V Papers, the Royal Archives, quoted in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 424.

58. Queen Mary to Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, December 2, 1910, in ibid
.

11: “We Must Help Each Other Get to Heaven”

1. Timothy Snyder,
The Red Prince: Secret Lives of a Habsburg Archduke
(London: Bodley Head, 2008), p. 73.

2. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 82.

3. Thomas, “Empress Zita,”
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
, p. 2.

4. The term Austria-Hungary was an unofficial one. Following the formation of the dual monarchy in 1867, the formal name of the empire became the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen. Like the empire itself, the name was oversized, vague, and verbose.

5. Thomas, “Empress Zita,”
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
, p. 2.

6. Snyder,
The Red Prince
, p. 230.

7. John Gunther, “Habsburgs Again?”
Foreign Affairs
(July, 1934), vol. 12, no. 4, p. 579.

8. Maria Theresa was Zita’s maternal aunt, the sister of her mother, Maria Antonia. She was also Charles’s step-grandmother, having married his grandfather Archduke Charles Louis in 1873.

9. Albert von Margutti,
The Emperor Francis Joseph and His Times
(New York: George H. Doran, 1921), p. 153.

10. Thomas, “Empress Zita,”
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
, p. 1.

11. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Habsburg
, p. 15.

12. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 29.

13. Beech and McIntosh,
Empress Zita of Austria
, p. 8.

14. Margutti,
Emperor Francis Joseph
, p. 153.

15. Radziwill,
Royal Marriage Market
, p. 17.

16. New York Times
, January 28, 1903.

17. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 32.

18. Duff,
Queen Mary
, p. 144.

19. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 33.

20. Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 213.

21. Duff,
Queen Mary
, p. 145.

22. Queen Mary to Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, June 25, 1911, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, pp. 438–439.

23. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Habsburg
, p. 21.

24. Duff,
Queen Mary
, p. 146.

25. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 34.

26. Duff,
Queen Mary
, p. 145.

27. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 35.

28. Ibid., p. 36.

29. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Empress
, p. 19.

30. New York Times
, December 18, 1910.

31. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 28.

32. Letter of Sir Henry Ponsonby, January 27, 1873, in
Queen Victoria
, Hibbert, p. 407.

33. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 43.

34. Shawcross,
Queen Elizabeth
, p. 106.

35. Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 428.

36. Cook,
Prince Eddy
(Kobo desktop version), ch. 12, para. 7.

37. Wakeford,
Three Consort Queens
, p. 172–173.

38. Woodward,
Queen Mary
, p. 125.

39. Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 69.

40. Anthony J. Camp,
Royal Mistresses and Bastards: Fact and Fiction, 1714–1936
(Marlborough, Wiltshire: Heraldry Today, 2007), p. 9; Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 110.

41. Kenneth Rose,
George V
(London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000), p. 96.

42. John Fortescue,
Narrative of the Visit to India of Their Majesties King George V. and Queen Mary and of the Coronation Durbar Held at Delhi 12th December 1911
(London: Macmillan, 1912), p. 79.

43. Tsar Nicholas II to King George V, January 15/26, 1911, GV/PRIV/AA/43/151, the Royal Archives, quoted in
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, Carter, p. 329.

44. Duff,
Queen Mary
, p. 150.

45. Queen Mary to Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, December 6, 1911, in
Matriarch
, Edwards, pp. 222–223.

46. Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 454.

47. The calculation is based on
http://www.measuringworth.com/calculators/exchange/result_exchange.php
(viewed on April 14, 2011).

48. Diary entry of King George V, December 12, 1911, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 447.

49. Times
, December 13, 1911.

50. Queen Mary to Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, December 13, 1911, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 445.

51. Diary entry of King George V, December 14, 1911, GV/PRIV/GVD/AA 37/36, King George V Papers, the Royal Archives, quoted in ibid., p. 457.

52. Clay,
King, Kaiser, Tsar
, p. 294.

12: “The Little One Will Not Die”

1. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 37.

2. Neue Freie Presse
, November 20, 1912.

3. Times
, June 29, 1914.

4. New York Times
, May 15, 1911.

5. Wilhelm II,
The Kaiser’s Memoirs
, p. 142.

6. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
(Kobo desktop version), chap. 4, para 37.

7. Daily Telegraph
, October 28, 1908.

8. Westminster Gazette
, October 31, 1908.

9. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 309.

10. Ibid., p. 4.

11. Ibid., p. 22.

12. Massie,
Dreadnought
, pp. 691–692.

13. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, p. 246.

14. Viktoria Luise,
The Kaiser’s Daughter
, p. 36.

15. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
(Kobo desktop version), chap. 3, para. 24.

16. German Crown Prince,
Memoirs
, p. 99.

17. Stone,
Europe Transformed
, p. 138.

18. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, p. 274.

19. Viktoria Luise,
The Kaiser’s Daughter
, p. 14.

20. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, p. 210.

21. Viktoria Luise,
The Kaiser’s Daughter
, p. 77.

22. Radziwill,
Royal Marriage Market
, p. 42.

23. German Crown Prince,
Memoirs
, p. 6.

24. Anonymous,
The Kaiser’s Heir
(London: Mills & Boon, 1914), p. 26.

25. Schwering,
Berlin Court Under William II
, p. 80.

26. Viktoria Luise,
The Kaiser’s Daughter
, pp. 53, 56.

27. Ibid., p. 66.

28. Ibid
.

29. Ernest Augustus was the son of Princess Thyra of Denmark, whose father was King Christian IX. Thyra’s sisters were Queen Alexandra and Empress Marie Feodorovna. Had Hanover not been annexed in 1866, Thyra’s husband would have become king, and she would have become a reigning consort like her sisters.