Imperial Requiem: Four Royal Women and the Fall of the Age of Empires (98 page)

9. Gould,
Empress Frederick Writes to Sophie
, p. 140.

10. Wakeford,
Three Consort Queens
, p. 162.

11. Queen Victoria to George, Duke of York, undated, May 1892, AA 10/39, King George V Papers, the Royal Archives, quoted in
Queen Victoria
, Hibbert, p. 728. The “not very agreeable associations” of which the queen wrote had been her uncle Frederick, Duke of York (1763-1827), a thoroughly profligate, unpopular man who was one of the many lecherous sons of George III.

12. George, Duke of York, to Princess May of Teck, March 29, 1892, in
King, Kaiser, Tsar
, Clay, p
.
151.

13. Julia P. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution: The Romanov Women, 1847–1928
(New York: Saint Martin’s Press, 2011), p. 140.

14. Queen Victoria to George, Duke of York, April 6, 1892, in
George V
(London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000), Kenneth Rose, p. 25.

15. Diary entry of Princess May of Teck, May 29, 1893, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 250.

16. Diary entry of Queen Victoria, May 3, 1893, in
Queen Victoria in Her Letters
, Hibbert, p. 324.

17. Alexandra, Princess of Wales, to Princess May of Teck, May 13, 1893, in
Matriarch
, Edwards, p. 66.

18. Clay,
King, Kaiser, Tsar
, p. 152.

19. Princess May of Teck to George, Duke of York, July 6, 1893, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 257.

20. Edward J. Bing, ed.,
The Letters of Tsar Nicholas and Empress Marie
(London: Ivor Nicholson & Watson, 1937), p. 72.

21. Woodward,
Queen Mary
, p. 116.

22. Diary entry of Queen Victoria, July 6, 1893, in
Queen Victoria in Her Letters
, Hibbert, p. 325.

23. Diary entry of Lady Geraldine Somerset, July 6, 1893, in
Matriarch
, Edwards, p. 77.

24. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 195.

25. Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 83.

26. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 247.

27. Erickson,
Alexandra
, p. 45.

28. Hibbert,
Queen Victoria
, p. 540.

29. Erickson,
Alexandra
, pp. 99–100.

30. Ibid., p. 34.

31. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, pp. 42, 44.

32. Van der Kiste,
Queen Victoria’s Children
, p. 92.

33. Princess Alix to Tsarevitch Nicholas, November 8, 1893, in
A Lifelong Passion: Nicholas and Alexandre, Their Own Story
(London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1996), eds. Andrei Maylunas and Sergei Mironenko, pp. 32–33.

34. Princess Alix to Grand Duchess Xenia of Russia, November 8, 1893, in ibid.

35. Massie,
Nicholas and Alexandra
, p. 28.

36. E. M. Almedingen,
The Empress Alexandra, 1872–1918: A Study
(London: Hutchinson, 1961), p. 20.

37. E. P. P. Tisdall,
Marie Feodorovna: Empress of Russia
(New York: John Day, 1957), p. 178.

38. Tsarevitch Nicholas to Empress Marie Feodorovna, April 10, 1894, in
Tsar Nicholas and Empress Marie
, Bing, p. 75.

39. Diary entry of Lady Lytton, April 19, 1894, in
Lady Lytton’s Court Diary
(London: Rupert Hart Davis, 1961), ed. Mary Luytens, p. 65.

40. Massie,
Nicholas and Alexandra
, p. 34.

41. Kurth,
Tsar
, p. 41.

42. Diary entry of February 6, 1901, in
Gone Astray
, Wilhelm II, p. 215.

43. Tsarevitch Nicholas to Empress Marie Feodorovna, April 10, 1894, in
Lifelong Passion
, Maylunas and Mironenko, p. 49.

44. Princess Alix to Queen Victoria, April 10/22, 1894, in
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, Carter, p. 117.

45. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 116.

46. Massie,
Nicholas and Alexandra
, pp. 35–36.

47. Erickson,
Alexandra
, p. 60.

48. Gordon Brook-Shepherd,
Royal Sunset: The Dynasties of Europe and the Great War
(London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987), p. 194.

49. Gould Lee,
Empress Frederick Writes to Sophie
, p. 170.

50. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 159.

51. Princess Alix to Grand Duchess Xenia of Russia, undated, April 1894, in
Lifelong Passion
, Maylunas and Mironenko, p. 45.

52. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, p. 142.

53. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, pp. 50–51.

54. Almedingen,
Empress Alexandra
, p. 24.

55. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 51.

Part 2: The Age of Empires (1894–1914)

6: “A Little Scrubby Hessian Princess”

1. Hall,
Little Mother of Russia
, p. 156.

2. Queen Victoria to Princess Victoria of Battenberg, October 21, 1894, in
Advice to a Grand-daughter
, Hough, p. 126.

3. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 116.

4. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, pp. 56–57.

5. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 50.

6. Penny Wilson and Greg King,
The Resurrection of the Romanovs: Anastasia, Anna Anderson, and the World’s Greatest Royal Mystery
(Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2011), p. 40.

7. Kurth,
Tsar
, p. 8.

8. Even until after the birth of the Soviet Union, the titles
tsar
and
emperor
were used interchangeably. Most Romanov monarchs since Peter the Great used the title
emperor
, but the Slavophilic Nicholas II preferred
tsar
.

9. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 51.

10. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
(Kobo desktop version), chap. 2, para. 11.

11. Princess Alix to Tsarevitch Nicholas, April 26, 1894, in
Lifelong Passion
, Maylunas and Mironenko, p. 60.

12. Massie,
Nicholas and Alexandra
, p. 39.

13. Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 86.

14. Massie,
Nicholas and Alexandra
, p. 40.

15. Nigel Cawthorne,
Kings and Queens of England: A Royal History from Egbert to Elizabeth II
(London: Arcturus Publishing, 2009), p. 185.

16. Duff,
Queen Mary
, p. 94.

17. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 117.

18. Massie,
Nicholas and Alexandra
, p. 41.

19. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 54.

20. Vladimir Poliakoff,
The Tragic Bride: The Story of Empress Alexandra of Russia
(New York: D. Appleton, 1928), p. 62.

21. Brook-Shepherd,
Royal Sunset
, p. 194.

22. Massie,
Nicholas and Alexandra
, p. 44.

23. May, Duchess of York, to George, Duke of York, November 1, 1894, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 300.

24. Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 87.

25. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 55.

26. Grand Duke Alexander,
Once a Grand Duke
(New York: Garden City Publishing, 1932), p. 168.

27. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 112.

28. Grand Duchess Elizabeth to Queen Victoria, October 24/November 5, 1894, in
Grand Duchess Elizabeth of Russia
(Redding, CA: Nikodemos Orthodox Publication Society, 1991), Lubov Millar, p. 81.

29. Massie,
Nicholas and Alexandra
, p. 45.

30. Ibid., p. 47.

31. Hall,
Little Mother of Russia
, p. 167.

32. Queen Victoria to the Empress Frederick, November 13, 1894, in
Born to Rule
, Gelardi, p. 55.

33. New York Times
, November 27, 1894.

34. Kurth,
Tsar
, p. 50.

35. Tsarina Alexandra to Grand Duchess Elizabeth, November 14, 1894, in Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 88.

36. New York Times
, November 27, 1894.

37. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution, p. 147.

38. George, Duke of York, to Queen Victoria, November 28, 1894 in
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, Carter, pp. 122–123.

39. Massie,
Nicholas and Alexandra
, p. 48.