Imperial Requiem: Four Royal Women and the Fall of the Age of Empires (103 page)

30. Clay,
King, Kaiser, Tsar
, pp. 1–2.

31. Viktoria Luise,
The Kaiser’s Daughter
, p. 68.

32. Legge,
King George and the Royal Family
, p. 197.

33. Viktoria Luise,
The Kaiser’s Daughter
, p. 71.

34. Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, to Queen Mary, May 29, 1913, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 479.

35. Diary entry of Empress Augusta Victoria, May 24/25, 1913, in
The Kaiser’s Daughter
, Viktoria Luise, p. 74.

36. Tyler-Whittle,
The Last Kaiser
, p. 255.

37. Farquhar,
Behind the Palace Doors
, p. 279.

38. Diary entry of Queen Mary, May 27, 1913, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 478.

39. Queen Mary to Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, June 1, 1913, in ibid.

40. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, p. 254.

41. Schwering,
Berlin Court Under William II
, p. 110.

42. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 43.

43. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, pp. 121–122.

44. Lili Dehn,
The Real Tsaritsa
(London: Thornton Butterworth, 1922), pp. 82–83.

45. Buxhoeveden,
Alexandra Feodorovna
, p. 153.

46. Kurth,
Tsar
, p. 89.

47. Wilson and King,
Resurrection of the Romanovs
, p. 46.

48. Kurth,
Tsar
, p. 89.

49. Wilson and King,
Resurrection of the Romanovs
, p. 46.

50. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 187.

51. Rappaport,
Last Days of the Romanovs
, p. 82.

52. Erickson,
Alexandra
, p. 210.

53. Rappaport,
Last Days of the Romanovs
, p. 73.

54. Tsarina Alexandra to the Reverend William Boyd Carpenter, bishop of Ripon, January 24/February 7, 1913, Add. MSS 46721/244, the British Library, quoted in
Born to Rule
, Gelardi, p. 188.

55. Wilson and King,
Resurrection of the Romanovs
, p. 40.

56. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, p. 101.

57. Rappaport,
Last Days of the Romanovs
, p. 76.

58. Kurth,
Tsar
, p. 92.

59. Wilson and King,
Resurrection of the Romanovs
, pp. 60–61.

60. Ibid., p. 62.

61. Anna Viroubova,
Memories of the Russian Court
(New York: Macmillan, 1923), p. 93.

62. C. S. Denton,
Absolute Power
(London: Arcturus Publishing, 2006), p. 575.

63. Erickson,
Alexandra
, p. 221.

64. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 136.

65. Denton,
Absolute Power
, p. 575.

66. Ibid., p. 176.

67. Vorres,
Last Grand Duchess
, p. 140.

68. Tsarina Alexandra to the Reverend William Boyd Carpenter, bishop of Ripon, January 24/February 7, 1913, Add. MSS 47621/244, the British Library, quoted in
Born to Rule
, Gelardi, p. 178.

69. Vorres,
Last Grand Duchess
, p. 140.
Alexis
is the more commonly used transliteration used in Britain of the name
Alexei
.

70. Alex De Jonge,
The Life and Times of Grigorri Rasputin
(New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1982), p. 152.

71. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 177.

13: The Gathering Storm

1. Bogle,
A
Heart for Europe
, p. 40.

2. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Empress
, p. 26.

3. Ibid., pp. 26–27.

4. Thomas, “Empress Zita,”
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
, p. 2.

5. Undated memo of King George V, PS/PSO/GV/C/K/2553/1/70, King George V Papers, the Royal Archives, quoted in
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, Carter, p. 351.

6. Massie,
Dreadnought
, p. xxiii.

7. Van der Kiste,
Queen Victoria’s Children
, pp. 184–185.

8. Edwards,
Matriarch
, p. 238.

9. Legge,
King George and the Royal Family
, p. 149.

10. Ibid., p. 158.

11. Woodward,
Queen Mary
, p. 149.

12. Duff,
Queen Mary
, p. 131.

13. Van der Kiste,
Queen Victoria’s Children
, p. 199.

14. Röhl,
Wilhelm II
, p. 657.

15. Charles Kingston,
Famous Morganatic Marriages
(London: Stanley Paul, 1919), p. 93.

16. Schwering,
Berlin Court Under William II
, p. 92.

17. Radziwill,
Royal Marriage Market
, p. 40.

18. New York Times
, May 26, 1914.

19. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 44.

20. Empress Zita to Gordon Brook-Shepherd, April 23, 1968, in
The Last Empress
, Brook-Shepherd, p. 30.

21. Massie,
Dreadnought
, p. 859.

22. Queen Mary to Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, July 5, 1914, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 483.

23. Massie,
Nicholas and Alexandra
, pp. 277–278.

24. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 52.

25. Massie,
Nicholas and Alexandra
, p. 288.

26. Ibid., p. 289.

Part 3: The Great Tragedy (1914–18)

14: The Call to Arms

1. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
(Kobo desktop version), chap. 7, para 50.

2. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 199.

3. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, p. 273.

4. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 53.

5. Queen Mary to Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, July 28, 1914, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, pp. 483–484. Servia is an out of date English word for Serbia. In some British sources, the two words are used interchangeably.

6. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 369.

7. Emperor Wilhelm II to Gottlieb von Jagow, July 30, 1914, in ibid., p. 370.

8. Pierre Gilliard,
Thirteen Years at the Russian Court
(London: Hutchinson, 1921), p. 105.

9. Erickson,
Alexandra
, p. 238.

10. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, p. 271.

11. Wilson and King,
Resurrection of the Romanovs
, p. 66.

12. Gelardi,
Born to Rule
, p. 200.

13. Tsar Nicholas II to King George V, August 2, 1914, in
Crowns in a Changing World
, Van der Kiste, p. 103.

14. Anonymous,
Real Crown Prince
, p. 156.

15. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, p. 332.

16. Ibid., p. 253.

17. Schwering,
Berlin Court Under William II
, p. 64.

18. New York Times
, June 8, 1913.

19. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, p. 270.

20. Diary entry of Queen Mary, August 3, 1914, in
Queen Mary
, Pope-Hennessy, p. 484.

21. Viktoria Luise,
The Kaiser’s Daughter
, p. 82.

22. Farquhar,
Behind the Palace Doors
, p. 279.

23. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 371.

24. Davis,
The Kaiser As I Know Him
, p. 164.

25. Public statement of Empress Augusta Victoria, August 6, 1914, in
The Fall of the German Empire, 1914—1918
(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1932), ed. Ralph Haswell Lutz, vol. 1, pp. 21–22.

26. Wilson and King,
Resurrection of the Romanovs
, p. 102.

27. Gilliard,
Thirteen Years
, pp. 107–110.

28. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, p. 273.

29. King George and Queen Maud were children of King Edward VII. Emperor Wilhelm, Queen Sophie, and the Duchess Charlotte were the children of the Empress Frederick. Tsarina Alexandra and Grand Duke Ernest Louis were Princess Alice’s children. Crown Princess Marie was the daughter of the Duke of Edinburgh (later the Duke of Coburg). Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden was the daughter of the Duke of Connaught. Duke Charles Eduard was the posthumous son of the hemophiliac Duke of Albany. Queen Victoria Eugenie was the only daughter of Princess Beatrice. Through King Christian IX of Denmark, Tsar Nicholas II, King George V, King Haakon VII of Norway, and King Constantine I of Greece were also first cousins.

30. Erickson,
Alexandra
, p. 240.

31. Brandreth,
Philip and Elizabeth
, p. 20.

32. Packard,
Victoria’s Daughters
, p. 283.

33. W. Bruce Lincoln,
The Romanovs: Autocrats of All the Russias
(New York: Dial Press, 1981), p. 685.

34. Bernard Pares,
My Russian Memoirs
(New York: AMS Press, 1969), p. 355.

35. Gelardi,
From Splendor to Revolution
, p. 295.

36. Eugene De Schelking,
Suicide of Monarchy: Recollections of a Diplomat
(Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada, 1918), p. 118.

37. Diary entry of July 24, 1915, in
An Ambassador’s Memoirs
(London: Hutchinson, 1927), Maurice Paléologue, vol. 2, pp. 35–36.

38. Woodward,
Queen Mary
, p. 177.

39. Wakeford,
Three Consort Queens
, p. 176.

40. Woodward,
Queen Mary
, p. 174–175.

41. Snyder,
The Red Prince
, pp. 77–78.

42. Andrew Wheatcroft,
The Habsburgs: Embodying Empire
(London: Penguin Books, 1996), p. 287.

43. Catherine Radziwill,
Secrets of Dethroned Royalty
(New York: John Lane, 1920), pp. 163–164.

44. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Habsburg
, p. 153.

45. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Empress
, p. 34.

46. Ibid
.

47. Diary entry of Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma, August 20, 1914, in ibid., pp. 34–35.

48. Ibid
.

15: “I Am an Officer with All My Body and Soul”

1. New York Times
, February 22, 1915.

2. Wilson and King,
Resurrection of the Romanovs
, p. 102.

3. Belinda Davis,
Home Fires Burning: Food, Politics, and Everyday Life in World War I Berlin
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000), pp. 34, 107.

4. Davis,
The Kaiser As I Know Him
, p. 167.

5. Cecil,
Wilhelm II
, p. 3.

6. Carter,
George, Nicholas and Wilhelm
, p. 384.

7. Robert Zedlitz-Trützschler,
Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court
(London: Nisbet, 1924), p. 37.

8. Brook-Shepherd,
The Last Empress
, pp. 10–11.

9. Bertita Harding,
Imperial Twilight: The Story of Karl and Zita of Hungary
(New York: Blue Ribbon Books, 1941), p. 121.

10. New York Times
, September 14, 1915.

11. Thomas, “Empress Zita,”
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
, p. 2.

12. Bogle,
A Heart for Europe
, p. 54.