When Computers Were Human (81 page)

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Authors: David Alan Grier

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Wealth of Nations. See
Smith, Adam

Weaver, Warren,
227
,
257
,
276
,
283
,
284
,
289
,
300
,
331
; and Applied Mathematics Panel,
253
–
55
,
265
,
266
,
268
–
73
,
276
–
79
,
280
; and John Vincent Atanasoff,
227
; response of to MTAC Journal,
257

Weeks, Sinclair,
309
,
310

Weldon, Florence Tebb,
106
,
107
,
147

Weldon, W. F. Raphael,
106
–
8
,
147

Whittaker, Edmund,
124
,
125

Wiener, Norbert,
151
,
152
,
182
,
224
,
264
,
331

Wilks, Samuel,
253
,
332

Wilson, Elizabeth Webb,
138
–
40
,
142
,
152
,
182
,
189
,
332

Winlock, Anna,
82

Winlock, Joseph,
60
,
68
–
71
,
82

Wisconsin, University of,
99
,
149
,
183
,
225
,
227
,
230

women,
71
,
104
,
107
–
9
,
126
,
131
,
147
,
148
,
207
,
252
,
267
,
303
; at Harvard Observatory,
82
–
84
,
86
,
87
,
113
,
230
; hiring and work force issues for,
4
,
81
–
84
,
87
,
101
,
103
,
110
–
13
,
138
,
140
,
152
,
166
,
167
,
170
,
190
,
208
,
209
,
218
,
221
,
253
,
256
,
259
,
260
,
276
; mathematical education for,
3
,
4
,
19
–
20
,
61
–
62
,
82
,
102
,
103
,
111
,
138
,
170
,
189
,
190
,
208
,
209
,
282
; referred to as “girls” or “harems,”
83
,
221
,
262
,
276
,
283
; at University of Pennsylvania,
259
,
260
,
276
; and war,
138
–
40
,
152
,
189
,
260
,
267
,
300
; and women's rights issues,
61
,
62
,
87
,
100
,
102
,
138
,
139
,
301
,
308
,
316
,
317
.
See also
computers, human, wages of
;
computers, human, working conditions of
;
Blanch, Gertrude
;
Cave-Brown-Cave, Beatrice
;
Clem, Mary
;
Froelich, Clara
;
Goldstine, Adele
;
Krampe, Charlotte
;
Lepaute, Nicole-Reine
;
Lee, Alice
;
Mitchell, Maria
;
Persily, Matilda
;
Rhodes, Ida
;
Saunders, Rhoda
;
Stegun, Irene
;
Tausky, Olga
;
Wilson, Elizabeth Webb
;
Weldon, Florence Tebb
;
Winlock, Anna

Wood, Benjamin,
190
–
93

Work Projects Administration,
198
–
201
,
203
,
205
,
210
–
12
,
215
–
20
,
225
,
232
,
233
,
242
–
48
,
250
–
53
,
255
,
258
,
264
,
269
,
277
,
289
,
291
,
292
,
296
,
307
,
317
,
321
,
332
; and science,
199
; liquidation of,
244
,
251
,
252
,
254
.
See also
Mathematical Tables Project

World War, First.
See
First World War

World War, Second.
See
Second World War

World's Columbian Exposition,
96
,
98
,
233
.
See also
World's Congress Auxilliary

World's Congress Auxiliary,
98
–
100

World's Fair: 1867 Paris,
93
; 1893 Chicago (
see
World's Columbian Exposition
); 1904 St. Louis,
115
; 1915 San Francisco,
170
; 1939 New York,
233
,
234

WPA.
See
Work Projects Administration

wranglers,
50
,
102
,
111

Yeomans, Donald,
319
,
321

Yowell, Everrett: father,
274
,
332
; son,
274
,
291
,
303
,
332

Zeppelins,
127
,
128
,
130

Illustration Credits

The sources of visual material are as follows (numerals refer to figures)
.

By permission of AT&T Archives (27); by permission of Brown University (36); courtesy of European Space Agency (46); courtesy of Joan Gallup Grier (1); by permission of Harvard University Libraries (14); by permission of Iowa State University Library/Special Collections Department (26, 34); courtesy of Library of Congress (2, 3a, 3b, 5, 7–10, 12, 13, 15–19, 23, 25, 29, 33, 35, 37, 41); courtesy of Library of Congress, Manuscript Division (4a, 4b, 20); by permission of the MIT Museum (42); courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration (24, 32, 38, 40, 45); by permission of Paris Observatory (3c); by permission of Schlesinger Library, Harvard University (21, 22, 28); by permission of the Science Museum, London (6); courtesy of Smithsonian Institution (11); courtesy of Stern Family (31, 44); courtesy of John Todd (39, 43); by permission of Yeshiva University (30).

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