The Red Flag: A History of Communism (135 page)

at Paris exposition 1937,
183–4

Popular Front crisis,
200–201

Popular Front in,
193–5

Sparta,
5
,
6

Spartakus
(Brecht),
103–4

sputnik satellite,
344–5

squares in the Communist world,
275

Stakhanov, Alexei,
176–7

Stakhanovite movement,
177
,
306

Stalin, Iosif (Ioseb Djugashvili)

Asia, approach towards,
232–3

birth,
135

changes on death of,
316–17

compared to Lenin,
138–9

compared to Mao Zedong,
250

compared to Sergei Eisenstein,
134

death of,
322

dinners at
dacha,
290–91

early character,
136–7

education,
135–6

father,
136

geopolitics, interest in,
139

‘Great Break’
146–7

heroic epics as influence,
136

joins the Bolsheviks,
137

Khrushchev’s denunciation of,
328–30

Koba, as role model for,
136

leadership cult of,
162–3

Mao Zedong’s visit in 1949,
294–6

mutual loathing of Trotsky,
140

paternalism of,
162–5

Popular Fronts in Eastern Europe,
211–13

as relishing war,
139–40

split with Trotsky,
199

as supporter of Popular Fronts,
210

work with Lenin before 1917,
138

Stalinist regime in USSR

ancien régime
features of,
164–5

anti-Semitism,
282–3
,
289

campaigns against religion,
152

ceremonial tribunes and squares,
275

consumption, age of,
162

culturedness,
161–2

denunciation of bourgeois specialists,
149

economic utopianism,
148
,
155–6

embourgeoisement of culture,
283–4

emergence of High Stalinism,
181

exploitation of peasants,
151–5

factory conditions after Second World War,
279–80

Gulag system,
172–3
,
278–9

ideological campaigns after Second World War,
280–83

intelligentsia,
168–9

mobilization strategies,
150–51

nationalism, policy towards in 1930s,
159–61

nature in mid-1930s,
158

new policy towards Social Democracy in 1935,
191–2

peasants hostility to,
171–2

popular militarism of,
149

purges,
207

refashioning of Communism in 1930s,
158

science and national pride in,
281

and Spanish civil war,
194–5

tall buildings of,
273–5

Terror of 1936–8,
175–80
,
181

wages late 1920s and early 1930s,
156

worker incentives,
149

working-class criticism of,
170–71

Stanislaw, Joseph,
557

Stasi secret police,
512–13

State and Revolution
(Lenin),
85–6

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT),
450

Structural Adjustment Loans,
526

students

radicalization of,
459–60

rebellions of 1960s,
452–3
,
456–7
,
463–4
,
467

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS),
459–60

Sukarno,
373
,
374
,
400

surveillance during and after the First World War,
95

Świda-Ziemba, Hanna,
307

symbols and songs, conflict over,
82

syndicalist movement,
58

Szakolczai, Árpád,
433–4
,
441–2

tall buildings of the Stalinist regime,
273–5

Tatlin, Vladimir,
101–2

Taylor, Frederick W.,
93

Terror (French Revolution),
13–14

Terror of 1936–8,
175–80
,
181

terrorism in the 1960s and 1970s,
464–6

Thaw, The
(Ehrenburg),
341

‘Third Period’, beginnings of,
131

Third Wave
(Toffler),
507

Third Way,
559

Third World Communists

China’s influence on,
376

radicalization of leaders,
469–70

Soviet aid to,
375–6

tension between left nationalists and Communists,
377

united front parties,
399–400

USSR’s disillusion with,
496

Thistle, Linda,
452

Thorez, Maurice,
192–3
,
337

Tian’anmen Square protests and massacre,
502
,
553–5

Tiflis seminary,
135–6

Tito, Josip Broz,
217–19

monarchical style of,
320–21

relations with USSR,
332–3

Tkachev, Petr,
70–71

‘To Those Born Later’ (Brecht),
570

Toffler, Alvin,
507

Togliatti, Palmiro,
208–9
,
293
,
337

Torres, Camilo,
468

totalitarianism, Islamism as,
xvi

tribunes and squares of the USSR,
275

Tricontinental Conference,
469

Trotsky, Leon

conflict with radical Marxists,
98

criticism of NEP,
142

Fourth International,
201–2

military methods extended in peacetime,
98

mutual loathing of Stalin,
140

Red Army founding,
95

socialism as far away in 1921,
123

split with Stalin,
199

and war communism,
96

‘True Story of Ah Q, The’ (Lu Xun),
244

Truquin, Norbert,
32

Tsipko, Aleksandr,
515
,
538

Tuma, Hama,
480–81

Tuominen, Arvo,
171–2

Ulbricht, Walter,
108–9
,
331
,
421–2

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Afghanistan,
496
,
530–31
,
548

Albania’s break with,
408–9

allocation of capital as problem,
417–18

ancien régime
features of,
164–5

anti-imperialism under Khruschev,
375–6

anti-Semitism,
282–3
,
289

atheism in,
345

attempted coup 1991,
549

ceremonial tribunes and squares,
275

changes on death of Stalin,
316–17

combining discipline with dynamism,
275–6

Comecon,
405
,
406

Communist attitudes towards in 1980s,
509–10

compared to Korea,
302–3

consequences of invasion of Czechoslovakia,
429

consumption,
162
,
416–19

Cuban Missile Crisis,
349

culturedness in 1930s,
161–2

decline in relations with US,
498–9

and the destruction of Indonesian party,
401

disillusion with Third World Communists,
496

dissidence, responses to,
511–12

economic reforms,
421
,
422

embourgeoisement of culture,
283–4

emergence of new class,
166–7

end of Communist party in,
550

Ethiopia’s affinity with,
481

Eurocommunism, response to,
497

factory conditions after Second World War,
279–80

failure of Popular Fronts, responsibility for,
213–14