The Red Flag: A History of Communism (130 page)

Great Terror,
13–14

liberal capitalist vision,
4

persecution of ‘counter-revolutionaries’,
12–14

removal of
Ancien Régime,
3–4

Revolutionary Armies, abolition of,
12

Rousseau as influence,
5–7

sans-culottes,
8
,
9

Freston, Tom,
558–9

Friedman, Milton,
521

Friedman, Thomas,
557–8

friendship, importance of under Communist regimes,
442

Fu Sinian,
240

Fukuyama, Francis,
xv
,
558

Gandhi, Mohandas,
243–4

Gapon, Father,
77–8

Garson, Barbara,
456

Gastev, Aleksei,
94

Georghiu-Dej, Gheorghe,
406

Georgia, Stalin’s background in,
135

German Democratic Republic (GDR)

1989 compared to previous revolutionary years,
546

breaching of the Berlin Wall,
544–5

demonstrations against regime in 1989,
544

dissidence, responses to,
511–13

economic reforms,
421–2

informants,
512–13

opinions on socialism in 1980s,
511

power of managers,
439

reforms dictated from Moscow,
331

Stasi secret police,
512–13

USSR deeply unpopular,
214

workers’ wages,
431

see also
Germany

Germany

Communist party in,
128–9

division of,
226

expected revolution in,
92

failure of revolution in,
119

influence of Weitling,
19

January 1919

uprising,
118

Marxism in,
46

Nazi takeover in 1933,
189

pact with USSR 1939,
203

at Paris exposition 1937,
182–4

politics after 1917,
107

response to crisis of 1928–9,
188–9

revival of radical left in June 1920,
118

revolution attempt 1923,
124

terrorist groups in,
465

uprisings in 1848–9,
36–7

see also
German Democratic Republic (GDR)
;
Social Democratic Party (SPD)

Germinal
(Zola),
43–4

Gerö, Ernö,
334

Ginzburg, Evgenia,
177–8
,
278–9

Gladkov, Fedor,
140–42

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von,
11

‘Going to the People’ movement 1874, Russia,
70

Gomu
ka, W
adys
aw,
333–4
,
427
,
518

Gorbachev, Mikhail

alternative economic models faced by,
540–41

and attempted coup of 1991,
549

background,
534

character,
534–5

China visit 1989,
553–4

curtailment of party powers,
533–4

Czech contacts of,
428–9

economic liberalization,
536–8

ideological crisis initiated by,
538–40

meeting with Deng Xiaoping 1989,
502

meeting with Reagan 1986,
501–2

motivation,
532
,
533

reaction of Western leaders to,
534

theft of economy by officials,
541

Gramsci, Antonio,
111–12
,
117
,
208–9

Great Leap Forward, China,
353–7

Greece, civil war in,
217

Grenada,
547

Grosz, George,
105

Guatemala,
370
,
371–2
,
380–81
,
391

guerrilla warfare

in China,
253–4

Naxalites in India,
568

peasant movements,
472–3

US’s use of against Communism,
528–31

Guerrilla Warfare
(Guevara),
390

Guevara, Che

background,
371

Castro on,
381

character,
370–71

cult of,
402

death,
401

economics role in Cuba,
388–9

in Guatemala,
370
,
371–2

reaction against Stalinism,
389

resigns Cuban offices,
389

tour of African nationalist states,
392–4

Guinea-Bissau,
473

Gulag system,
172–3
,
278–9

Guomindang,
247–8
,
265–6

Guzmán, Abimael,
566

Haile Selassie,
481–2

Hamlet,
performance of in Budapest,
330

Haraszti, Miklós,
439
,
442–3

Hayter, William, Sir,
326

Heine, Heinrich,
28

Hercules, statue of in Paris,
1–2

heroism, classical,
5
,
6

hierarchies

in East European industry,
305–7

effect on women and families,
171

in North Korea,
410–11

in USSR,
158
,
167

History and Class Consciousness
(Lukács),
111

Ho Chi Minh,
234–6
,
242–3

Hobsbawm, Eric,
195
,
336–7

Honecker, Erich,
186–7
,
422
,
544

Horváth, Ágnes,
433–4
,
441–2

How the Steel was Tempered
(Ostrovskii),
164–5
,
300

How the Steel was Tempered
(TV series),
556

Hoxha, Enver,
408–9

Hu Jintao,
562

Hungary

1989 compared to previous revolutionary years,
546

anti-imperialist feelings,
330–31

attitudes in 1980s,
510–11

economic reforms,
422–3

Hamlet,
performance of in Budapest,
330

ideological division based on education,
514