The Plantagenets (85 page)

Béhuchet, Nicolas, 459

Bek, Anthony, bishop of Durham, 325, 332, 347, 350, 370

Bereford, Simon, 436–7

Berengaria of Navarre, 116–19, 142, 149

Berkeley, Sir Maurice de, 399

Berkeley castle, 399, 426, 427, 438

Bermondsey, palace of, 47

Bernard of Clairvaux, 28

Berners, James, 542, 555

Berry, 106, 107, 142, 156

Berry, duke of, 518

Bertrand de Born, 43

Berwick: battle (1296), 337–9; siege (1333), 446

Bigod, Hugh, earl of Norfolk, 86, 88

Bigod, Hugh, justiciar of England, 262

Bigod, Roger, 4th earl of Norfolk, 258, 260

Bigod, Roger, 5th earl of Norfolk, 343, 344, 347, 348, 350, 358

Birgham, treaty (1290), 325, 328

Bishop’s Waltham, council (1182), 99

Black Death, 481–4, 485, 490, 493, 505, 535, 600

Black Prince,
see
Edward of Woodstock

Blanche of Artois, 371

Blanche of Castile, 159

Blanche of Lancaster, 508

Blois, county, 155

Blondel, minstrel, 134

Bohun, Edward, 436

Bohun, William,
see
Northampton

Bohun family,
see also
de Bohun

Boniface, marquis of Montferrat, 155

Boniface VIIII, Pope, 342

Boniface of Savoy, archbishop of Canterbury, 240–1, 253

Bonmoulins, peace conference, 107

Bordeaux: in Aquitaine, 27; Black Death, 481–3; Black Prince at, 495, 506, 514; French raids, 456; French threat to, 531; Joan’s arrival and death, 481–2, 483; Plantagenet territory, 209, 226, 424; revenues, 289; Richard II’s birth, 512–13; shipping, 493; wine trade, 454

Boroughbridge, battle (1322), 400, 405, 412

Boulogne, county of, 14, 15, 154, 156, 173, 498

Bourges, 156

Bouvines, battle (1214), 207–8, 211, 597

Bowes castle, 95

Brabant: county of, 173, 173; duchy of, 362, 373, 455–6, 508

Bracton, Henry de, 97

Bradeston, Sir Thomas, 479

Brembre, Nicholas, 552, 554–5

Brétigny, treaty (1360), 499–500, 503

Brian FitzCount, 17

Bridgnorth, capture (1321), 398

Brinton, Thomas, bishop of Rochester, 530

Briouze, Matilda de, 191, 192, 194

Briouze, William de, 166, 191–4

Briouze family, 191–4, 200

Bristol, siege (1326), 414–15

Brittany: defences, 523; duchy, 53, 75, 91, 102, 104, 106, 142; Edward III’s control of, 493; English mercenaries, 500, 512; English victories, 493; feudal relationship with French Crown, 76, 106; French control, 519; Henry II’s campaigns, 72, 76; Henry II’s control of, 75, 470; Henry III’s campaign (1232), 232; John’s campaign (1214), 206; Philip II’s position, 165; Plantagenet overlordship, 495, 498; pro–English faction, 471; rebellion, 91; revenues, 91; war, 470–1, 477, 487, 493

Bruce, David,
see
David II, king of Scots

Bruce, Edward, 389, 395

Bruce, Robert the elder, 327, 340, 350

Bruce, Robert I, king of Scots:

Bannockburn victory (1314), 384–6; coronation (1306), 351; defection to English (1301–2), 350, 351; Edinburgh–Northampton treaty (1328), 425; Edward I’s dismissal of his claim to the throne, 340; Edward I’s hunt for, 348, 352; Edward II’s hunt for, 370; Edward II’s oath of revenge (1306), 351–2; invasion of England (1311), 370; murder of Comyn, 351; negotiations with (1323), 405; son’s betrothal, 425; threat of invasion, 381

Bruce family, 470

Bruges treaty (1375), 520, 522
Brut
chronicle, 9, 404, 413, 437

Builth castle, 303, 311

Burghersh, Henry, bishop of Lincoln, 436–7

Burgundy, duke of, 499, 508, 509, 544

Burley, Sir Simon, 529, 530, 531, 542, 555

Burnell, Robert, bishop of Bath and Wells, 295, 304–5, 314, 315

Bury, Adam, 523

Busdraghi of Lucca, bankers, 461

Bushy, Sir John, 568, 573–4, 580

Cade, Jack, 594

Caen: castle, 95, 161, 473; English sack, 473

Caernarfon castle, 312–13

Caerphilly castle, 405, 415

Caesarea, 291

Calais: county of, 509; defence (1350), 491; English position (1380s), 543; siege (1346–7), 477–8; Staple, 521, 522

Callendar Wood, battle,
see
Falkirk

Cantelupe, Thomas de, bishop of Hereford, 321

Canterbury, archbishopric, 188

Canterbury Cathedral, 63, 78, 89–90, 245, 524

Carlisle: battle (1173), 87; burned (1385), 545

Castel y Bere, siege (1283), 308

Castle Rising, 438

castles: costs, 314, 334; destruction of illegal, 39, 50; Edward I’s building programme, 309, 310–13; English castles in Wales, 303; royal, 200–1

Châlus–Chabrol, siege (1199), 145–7, 148, 191–2, 597

Chandos, Sir John, 513

Chandos Herald, 505

Channel Islands, 180

Charles IV, king of France: accession, 408; coronation of wife Jeanne, 413; death, 424, 454; Edward II’s coronation, 362; knighted, 379; relationship with sister Isabella, 409–11, 413

Charles V, dauphin, king of France: accession, 511; Aquitaine invasion, 514–15; Castilian treaty, 515; Castilian
war of succession, 511–12, 513; death, 543; flight from Paris, 497; military strategy, 499, 513; Navarre plot, 496

Charles VI, king of France, 543–4, 545–6, 563, 564, 580

Charles of Anjou, king of Sicily, 290

Charles the Bad, king of Navarre, 496, 497

Charles of Blois, 470, 477

Charter of the Forest, 227–9, 230, 265, 286, 344, 346

Charter of Liberties, 210, 235

Château Gaillard, 143–4, 155–6, 168, 447, 597

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 504, 558, 601

Chester: castle, 581, 582, 583; earldom, 549, 550, 574; palatinate of, 201

Chinon castle: Eleanor’s imprisonment, 85, 92; fall (1205), 178; held for John, 174; Henry II’s death, 108; Isabella’s rescue, 164; John’s seizure of royal treasure, 151; strategic importance, 83; wedding gift to John, 83

Christine de Pisan, 559

Christopher
, ship, 458

Chronicque de la Traison et Mort de Richart Deux roy Dengleterre
, 566, 580, 581, 585–6, 590

Cinque Ports, 285, 307, 330, 345, 402

Clanvowe, Sir John, 558

Clarence, duchy of, 507

Clarendon: Navarre talks (1356), 496; palace of, 49, 69, 266

Clement VI, Pope, 471, 541

Clifford, Robert, Lord, 338

Clifford, Roger (d.1285?), 276, 301, 306

Clifford, Sir Roger de (d.1314), 375, 382, 383, 385

Clifford, Roger (d.1322), 397, 400, 402

Clifford, Rosamund, 84

Clinton, William,
see
Huntingdon

Close Rolls, 415

coinage: Edward I’s, 301, 316, 320; Edward III’s, 441, 470–1; French franc, 500; Henry III’s, 244, 251, 266, 316; John’s, 176, 183, 195, 203; Stephen’s, 40

Compromise of Avranches, 80–1

Comyn, John, lord of Badenoch, 351

Conan IV, duke of Brittany, 75

Conches, 167

Connaught, lord of, 245

Conrad of Montferrat, 122, 127–8, 131

Constance of Brittany, 75, 91, 142, 143, 149, 154–5

Constance of Castile, 512, 544

Constance of France, 37

Constitutions of Clarendon, 66, 69–70, 71, 77, 80

Conwy castle, 312, 333, 334, 580–1

Corfe castle, 161, 164, 194, 196, 430

Cornwall, duchy of, 451

Cornwall, earldom of, 360, 451

Corpus Christi, feast of, 247

Cotteril gang, 444

Court of King’s Bench, 98

Courtenay, William, archbishop of Canterbury, 543

Crac des Chevaliers, 291

Crécy, battle (1346), 474–7, 479, 598

Cross of Gneth, 489

crusades: Barons’ Crusade, 242; crusader shipwrecks, 118; crusading obligations, 80; Edward I’s policy, 288–9, 290–3, 321–2, 324, 332; Edward II’s policy, 380–1; Edward III’s policy, 454; First Crusade, 110; Fourth Crusade, 155; funding, 113, 133, 191, 209, 250, 254, 264, 289, 321–2; Henry II’s policy, 94, 100, 113, 191; Henry III’s policy, 247, 254–6, 264; Henry the Young King’s vow, 103; John’s policy, 210; Louis IX’s policy, 250, 254, 288–9, 290, 291; Philip II’s policy, 113, 122–3, 133; Richard I’s involvement, 106, 110, 113–15, 121, 126–9, 131, 598; Second Crusade, 28–9; Sixth Crusade, 254; term ‘crusade’, 598; Third Crusade, 110, 112, 121–3, 129, 197, 255, 256, 302, 460, 598

Cusington, Stephen, 513

Cynan ap Maredudd, 333

Cyprus, 118–19, 131

Dafydd ap Gruffudd, 300, 303, 306–9

Dafydd ap Llywelyn, ruler of Gwynedd, 243, 245

Dagworth, Sir Thomas, 477, 488

d’Alspaye, Gerard, 407–8

Damme, naval battle (1213), 203–4

Damory, Hugh, 394

Damory, Roger, 390–2, 394, 396, 397, 398, 399

d’Angle, Guichard,
see
Huntingdon

Dante, 265, 331

d’Argentein, Sir Giles, 385, 476

Dartmouth, John’s invasion force (1205), 176, 178

d’Athée, Girard, 182

David I, king of Scotland, 19, 25

David II, king of Scots: campaign against the

Disinherited, 445; capture and imprisonment, 476, 480, 490, 493; deposed, 447; French support for, 447, 454; Halidon Hill battle, 474; marriage, 425, 445; release and ransom, 508; restoration, 470

de Bohun, Henry, 384

de Bohun earls,
see
Hereford

de Bréauté, Falkes, 182

de Briouze,
see
Briouze

de Burgh, Elizabeth, countess of Ulster, 507

de Burgh, Hubert: Arthur’s jailer, 164; Gascony expedition, 228; government during Henry III’s minority, 225, 227, 230–2, 234, 278; justiciar, 221, 231; naval victory, 223; trial and imprisonment, 232

de Clare, Gilbert, 6th earl of Gloucester, 211

de Clare, Gilbert, 8th earl of Gloucester, 277, 280, 287, 289, 300, 360

de Clare, Gilbert, 9th earl of Gloucester: death at Bannockburn, 385, 391; Edward II’s nephew, 358; finances, 371; Gaveston’s
capture and death, 375; Gaveston’s return, 368; Scottish campaign, 383, 384; sisters, 391

de Clare, Richard, earl of Gloucester, 258

de Clare, Richard, earl of Hertford, 211

de Clare, Roger, earl of Hertford, 64

de Clare, Thomas, 277

de la Mare, Sir Peter, 521–3, 526

de la More, Thomas, 405

de la Pole, Michael,
see
Suffolk

de la Pole, William, 461, 542

de Lacy,
see
Alice, John, Lincoln (earls of), Salisbury

de Lusignan,
see
Lusignan

de Maulay, Peter, 182

de Montfort, Guy, 280

de Montfort, Henry, 277, 280, 281

de Montfort, Peter, 281

de Montfort, Simon: character, 239; confrontation with Henry III, 258; confrontation with Lusignans, 261; crusading, 242–3; death, 280–1, 377, 597; finances, 242; French policy, 263; government, 266, 275, 276–7; influence, 262; Lewes victory, 274; marriage, 239–40; Gascony lieutenancy, 248–50, 251; opposition to Henry III, 271–2; Poitou expedition, 243; relationship with Henry, 239–40, 242–3, 248–50; reputation, 596; war against Edward, 278–80; war against Henry III, 272–4; Welsh alliance, 299