The Plantagenets (89 page)

Life of Edward II, The
: on Bannockburn defeat, 385; on birth of Edward III, 433; on capture of Gaveston, 375–6; on Edward II’s character, 358; on Edward II’s reign, 380, 405–6; on Gaveston, 359, 361; on imprisonment of great men, 355; on Isabella in France, 410, 411; on Lancaster’s fate, 400–1; on manhunt for Gaveston, 374; on parliamentary complaints, 368, 369; on Scottish campaign, 383

Limoges, sack (1370), 518–19, 529

Limoges, viscount of, 145

Lincoln, bishops of, 126, 415, 420, 437

Lincoln, Edmund de Lacy, earl of, 245

Lincoln, Henry de Lacy, earl of, 341, 347, 363, 365, 368, 370–1

Lincoln, Jewish community, 320

Lincoln, Thomas, earl of,
see
Thomas, earl of Lancaster Lincoln castle: siege and battle (1141), 17; siege and battle (1217), 221–2, 597

Lionel of Antwerp, duke of Clarence: betrothal, 480; birth, 443; childhood, 480; death, 515; descendants, 578, 592; Garter order, 500; in Ireland, 507, 508, 515; marriages, 507, 515; title, 507

Liverpool, established (1207), 600

Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (Llywelyn the Great), prince of Gwynedd, 195, 225, 233, 243, 299

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (Llywelyn the Last), prince of Gwynedd: alliance with de Montfort, 278, 299; betrothal and marriage, 300, 306; Cross of Gneth, 489; death, 308; Edward I’s campaign against (1277), 301–3; Edward I’s campaign against (1282), 307–8; homage to Edward I, 303; legal disputes, 307; peace terms (1267), 287, 299–300; raids and invasions, 300; rebellion, 259, 277

Loches, castle, 95, 174, 178

Lochindorb castle, 447

London: defence plans, 543; description (1170s), 47–8; draft treaties of, 497, 498–9; Edward I’s arrival (1274), 293–4; gates barred against Longchamp, 126; Henry III’s marriage, 238, 241; Jewish community, 191; Louis welcomed, 215; Matilda chased out by citizens, 18; Peasants’ Revolt, 533–9; rebellion against John (1215), 211–12; revolt against
Edward II, 413–14; Stephen acclaimed king, 14; support for de Montfort, 272, 273–4, 284

Loudon, castle, 52, 83, 95

Louis VI (the Fat), king of France, 4, 8, 28

Louis VII, king of France: accession, 28; alliance with Eustace, 37; alliance with Geoffrey Plantagenet, 51; annulment of marriage to Eleanor, 29, 30; birth of son Philip, 73–4; character, 28, 87; daughter’s betrothal, 53, 59; daughter’s marriage, 82; death, 100; defeat by Henry, 91, 93; on Henry’s energy, 47; Henry’s homage for Normandy, 25, 52; Ivry non-aggression pact (1177), 93; marriage to Eleanor, 26, 28–9; Montlouis peace conference (1174), 91; Montmirail peace conference (1169), 75–7; relationship with Becket, 70, 74, 77–8, 95; relationship with Henry II, 24, 31, 73–4, 76, 93; relationship with Henry’s sons, 83, 85–6; Toulouse campaigns, 55–7; visit to England, 95; warfare, 72, 86, 87, 91

Louis VIII, king of France: accession, 225; Anjou campaign against John, 207; childhood, 142; death, 230; descendants, 371; father’s plans for, 203; invasion of England, 215, 217, 220–3; marriage, 159; return to France, 223, 597

Louis IX, king of France: accession, 230; court, 246; crusading, 254, 288–9, 290, 291; death, 290; finances, 250, 251; Henry III’s homage to, 263–4, 453; marriage, 237; Montjoie crosses, 327; piety, 236, 244, 263; Poitou campaign, 243; territories, 265

Louis X, king of France, 379, 389

Louis, king of Navarre, 379

Louis, king of Sicily, 488

Louis of Male, count of Flanders, 508

Louth, earl of, 395

Luke de Tany, 308

Lusignan, Alice de, 252

Lusignan, Geoffrey de, brother of Hugh X, 160–1

Lusignan, Geoffrey de, son of Hugh X, 252–3

Lusignan, Guy de, 110, 118, 122, 127, 128

Lusignan, Guy de, son of Hugh X, 252–3

Lusignan, Hugh X de, 158, 159, 160–1, 206, 252

Lusignan family: barons’ confrontation with Henry III over, 258–61; captured at Mirebeau, 160–1, 163; Edward I’s attitude to, 273; expulsion, 261; favourites of Henry III, 252–3, 257, 258; John’s treatment of, 158–9; peace with John, 206; release and rebellion, 163, 165

Lyons, Richard, 522, 523

Maccabaeus, Judas, 442, 589

Macduff of Fife, 328

Madog ap Llywelyn, 332–3

Maelgwyn ap Rhys, 333

Maes Moydog, battle (1295), 333–4

Magna Carta: Despenser’s conduct, 418; Edward II’s conduct, 368; Edward III’s conduct, 429, 466; Henry III’s approach, 233–5, 254, 261, 286; papal annulment, 215; Pecham’s demands, 305; reissued, 217–18, 227–8, 265, 289, 344, 346, 594; Richard II’s conduct, 575, 586, 591; Runnymede agreement, 213, 217; status, 217–18, 228–9, 594; terms, 213–15, 232

Magnus Maximus, Roman emperor, 312–13

Maine: barons, 151; Breton–French attack, 154; castles, 95; French invasion, 108; Henry II’s control of, 31, 51, 470; Henry III’s renunciation of, 264; John’s losses, 165, 169, 174; Plantagenet sovereignty, 498; Richard’s inheritance, 109; Richard’s rebellion, 108

Malcolm IV, king of Scotland, 55, 86

Malmesbury, siege and capture (1153), 32–3

Maltravers, Sir John, 427

Manny, Sir Walter, 488, 491

Map, Walter, 46, 60

Marcher lords: invasion of Wales (1282), 307; Lewes battle, 273; opposition to de Montfort, 278; opposition to Edward II, 395, 396–7, 402; relationship with Edward I, 273, 275, 276, 277; relationship with Llywelyn, 300

Margaret, daughter of count of Flanders, 508–9

Margaret, daughter of Edward I, wife of duke of Brabant, 293, 313, 362

Margaret, daughter of Edward III, 480, 505

Margaret, Maid of Norway, 324–6, 328

Margaret of Brotherton, duchess of Norfolk, 569

Margaret de Clare, 360, 373

Margaret of France, wife of Edward I, 331–2, 349, 361, 381

Margaret of France, wife of Henry the Young King, 53–4, 59, 82, 88, 102

Margaret of Provence, 237

Margoth, transvestite spy, 279

Marie, countess of Champagne, 29, 31

Marie of France, 159

Marshal, Gilbert, earl of Pembroke, 240

Marshal, John, 414

Marshal, Richard, 231, 233

Marshal, William, earl of Pembroke: biographer, 112, 148, 216; career, 224; Château Gaillard rescue attempt, 168; death, 224–5, 232; on destruction of French fleet, 204; exile in Ireland, 193; guardian to Henry III, 220–1, 531; on John’s character, 161–3, 168, 177–8; on John’s losses, 163–4, 165; Lincoln victory, 221–2, 597; quarrel with John, 177–8, 193, 200; quoted, 171; reputation, 101; on Richard’s campaign in Normandy, 139, 141, 144; on Richard’s treatment of John, 140; submission to John,
193–4; tutor to Henry the Young King, 101, 103; views on Richard’s successor, 148–50, 152; Welsh role, 191

Marshal, William the younger, 211, 239

Mary, daughter of Edward I, 313

Mary, daughter of Edward III, 480, 505

Matilda, countess of Boulogne, wife of Stephen of Blois, 14, 15, 18, 40

Matilda, countess of Perche, 4, 6–7

Matilda, daughter of Fulk V of Anjou, wife of William the Aetheling, 4

Matilda, daughter of Henry II, wife of Henry the Lion, 49, 74, 94, 102, 144

Matilda, Empress: advice and mediation, 72; appeal to Rome, 17; Becket controversy, 63–4; capture of Stephen, 17, 18; character, 18; claim to Norman border castles, 15–16; death, 72–3, 84; Devizes court, 19; disinherited by Stephen, 14, 16; escape from Oxford siege, 18–19; family conference in Rouen, 52; flight from London, 18; government, 20; heir to English throne and duchy of Normandy, 10–11, 14; invasion of England, 17; Lady of the English, 18; marriage to Geoffrey Plantagenet, 11–12; marriage to Holy Roman Emperor, 10; retirement to Bec abbey, 20–1, 22, 63, 72; sons, 12, 15, 18, 20, 23–4, 25; supporters, 17, 19; war with Stephen, 17–20, 22, 212

Matilda of Scotland, wife of Henry I, 3, 9, 10

Matthew, count of Boulogne, 86

Matthew Paris: on currency, 316; on de Montfort’s trial, 249; on Edward I, 282; on famine, 259; on Henry III, 256; on Henry III’s wedding, 238; on Oxford parliament, 261; on relic of Christ’s blood, 246, 247; on Westminster, 517

Maud, wife of Richard, earl of Chester, 4

Maudelyn, Richard, 581

Melrose chronicler, 175

Melusine, daughter of Satan, 12

Mercadier, mercenary captain, 152

mercenaries: Brabanter, 87, 88, 91; companies of discharged, 500, 511–12; Dutch, 412; expulsion of, 39, 50; Flemish, 20, 50, 88; Genoese, 474; German, 412; Hainaulter, 425, 445; Henry II’s forces, 23, 33, 34, 87, 88, 91; John’s forces, 160, 164, 182, 199; Mercadier, 152; Welsh, 91, 301

Merlin, prophecies of, 111, 442

Middleton, Sir Gilbert, 391

Miles of Gloucester, 17

Milly, castle, 141

Mirebeau, castle, 83, 158–61, 163

Model Parliament, 335

Molyneaux, Sir Thomas, 552

Mongols, 291, 322

Montagu, William, 390, 435–6

Montagu, William (son of above),
see
Salisbury, earl of

Montagu, William (son of above),
see
Salisbury, 2nd earl of

Montbazon castle, 95

Montfort,
see
de Montfort

Montgomery, treaty (1267), 287, 299–300

Montlouis, peace (1174), 91–2

Montmirail, peace conference (1169), 75–7

Montrichard, castle, 95

Moray, earl of, 476

Morgan ap Maredudd, 333

Mortimer, Edmund, 3rd earl of March, 529

Mortimer, Edmund, great–grandson of Lionel of Antwerp, 592

Mortimer, Edmund, son of Roger, 436–7

Mortimer, Geoffrey, 436–7

Mortimer, Sir Roger of Chirk: civil war (1321), 394, 397, 398; death, 423; Edward II’s coronation, 363; lands confiscated, 404, 423; prisoner in Tower, 407; sentenced to life imprisonment, 403

Mortimer, Sir Roger of Wigmore (d.1282), 276, 278, 280, 300, 397

Mortimer, Roger of Wigmore (grandson of above), earl of March: arrest, 436–7; Arthuriana, 443; civil war, 394, 397; death, 438, 551; Edward II’s death, 427, 438, 591; Edward’s coup against, 437–8, 440, 450, 454, 566; escape from Tower, 407–8; execution of Edmund, earl of Kent, 430–1; finances, 429; in France, 408–9; Gower dispute, 396–7; in Hainault, 413; imprisonment in Tower, 398, 403; interrogation of Edward III, 435; invasion of England, 412–15; regime, 428–9, 454, 468, 516, 527; relationship with Edward II, 418, 419; relationship with Isabella, 411, 412–15; removal of Edward II, 420; restoration of lands and titles, 423; Scottish campaign, 425, 445; sons knighted, 422; surrender, 398; trial, 437–8; unpopularity, 430

Mortimer, Roger (grandson of above), 2nd earl of March, 472, 485

Mortimer, Roger, 4th earl of March, 578

Mowbray, John de, 396, 402

Mowbray, Thomas, earl of Nottingham, duke of Norfolk: appeal of treason against Appellants, 567; Appellant revolt, 552, 555; banishment, 574; Bolingbroke dispute, 571–2, 576; death, 577; murder of Gloucester, 568–9, 572; trial by battle, 571, 572–4