The Plantagenets (90 page)

Nicholas III, Pope, 305

Nicholas of Wisbech, 392–3

Nigel de Luvetot, 184

Nine Worthies, 442

Nonancourt, meeting (1189), 113

Norfolk, duke of,
see
Mowbray

Norfolk, earls of,
see
Bigod, Thomas of Brotherton

Norham: conference (1292), 327; Scottish assault, 424; treaty (1209), 194, 197

Normandy: English invasion (1346), 469–70, 477; estates in, 34, 201; Geoffrey’s campaigns, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23–4, 139; Henry I’s government, 10; Henry II’s control of, 470; Henry II’s defence of, 51–2; Henry II’s homage to Louis VII, 25, 52, 57, 156, 263; Henry II’s will, 99; Henry the Young King’s inheritance, 83; Henry the Young King’s position, 101; Henry III’s renunciation of, 264; John’s expedition (1199), 154; John’s expedition (1205), 175–8; John’s investiture as duke, 151–2; John’s position, 163, 167–9; loss of (1205), 174, 177, 186, 201, 217, 470, 596; Montmirail peace, 76; Philip II’s assaults, 133, 139–40, 167–8, 469; Philip II’s possession of, 174; Plantagenet patrimony, 31, 74, 149, 250; Plantagenet sovereignty, 498; relationship with Anjou, 8, 12; Richard I’s campaigns, 140–1; shipping war (1292–3), 330

Northampton, William Bohun, earl of: arrested for debt, 461; Brittany campaign, 471; career, 451; Crécy battle (1346), 474; French campaign (1346), 472; Garter order, 488; Winchelsea sea battle, 492

Nottingham: castle, 95, 435–7; discovery of plot against John, 198–9

Nottingham, earl of,
see
Mowbray

Odo, bishop of Bayeux, 374

Odo, goldsmith, 237

Ogle, William, 427

Ordainers, 369, 370, 372

Orderic Vitalis, 5, 7, 21

Ordinances (1311): articles, 372–3, 376, 390; commemoration of, 414; defiance of, 391; Despenser’s crimes, 418; Edward II’s agreement to, 393; Edward II’s rejection of, 373, 377; enforcement, 390; Ordainers elected, 369; publication, 369; reimposed, 389; repealed (1322), 403; republished and reconfirmed, 390; second set, 373

Orford, castle, 95

Oriflamme, 496–7

Orleton, Adam, bishop of Hereford, 418–20

Osney chronicler, 323

Othver (tutor to William the Aetheling), 4

Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, 144, 154, 198, 206, 207–8

Otto de Grandison, 301, 322

Ottobuono, papal legate, 286

Owain ap Gruffudd, 300, 303, 308

Owain of Gwynedd, 53

Oxford, earls of,
see
de Vere

Oxford, siege (1142), 18

Pancio de Controne, 436

Pandulph Masca, papal legate, 204, 224–5

Paris: Becket’s entry, 59–60; Bolingbroke’s exile, 579; Bouvines victory celebrations, 208; Edward II and Isabella’s visit (1313), 379–81; Eleanor’s view of, 28, 48; English advance (1346), 473; English advance (1360), 499; Geoffrey’s death, 104–5, 125; Isabella’s visit (1325), 410; peace talks (1151), 30; radical reformers, 497; Sainte–Chapelle, 236, 246, 264, 596; treaty of (1259), 263–4, 265, 470, 498; treaty of (1327), 424

parliament: demands for, 260; elections to, 304; language, 505, 601; Magna Carta renewal, 575; Ordinances (1311), 372–3, 389, 390–1, 403; origins, 229, 251; trial of Dafydd, 309; twice–yearly, 299

parliaments: (1255), 255; (1258), 257, 258–61; (1265), 284; (1270), 289; (1290), 323; (1293), 328; Model Parliament (1295), 334–5; Berwick (1296), 340; Salisbury (1297), 341–4; May parliament (1298), 346 (1308), 365; (1310), 368–9; (1312), 389; (1313), 382; (1316), 390; (1321), 397; (1322), 402, 403, 404; (1326–7), 419, 423; (1328), 425, 429; (1330), 427, 430, 437–8; (1332), 444; (1333), 445; (1337), 449, 450; (1341), 466–8, 593; (1361), 500; (1362), 504–5, 506–7, 600–1; (1369), 516; Good Parliament (1376), 517–18, 520–3, 526–7, 593; (1377), 528; (1380), 532; (1384), 543; Wonderful Parliament (1386), 545–8, 549–50, 555; Merciless Parliament (1388), 554–5, 556, 568, 570; revenge parliament (1397), 564–5, 567–70, 574, 576; (1398), 571–2, 574; ‘parliament’ (1399), 585–7

Pearl
poet, 504

Peasants’ Revolt (1381), 532–9, 583

Pecham, John, archbishop of Canterbury, 305–6, 308, 320, 321, 342

Pedro I the Cruel, king of Castile, 491, 511–15, 544

Pembroke, earls of,
see
Aymer de Valence, Hastings, Marshal (Gilbert), Marshal (William)

Perche, county, 155, 222

Percy, Harry ‘Hotspur’, 580

Percy, Henry, 375, 382, 446, 476

Percy, Henry, earl of Northumberland, 579, 581

Percy, Richard de, 211

Percy, Thomas, earl of Worcester, 569–70, 581

Perrers, Alice, 510, 520, 522, 523, 528

Peruzzi of Florence, bankers, 461

Peter, son of Alfonso XI of Castile, 480–1

Peter of Capua, 144–5

Peter Langtoft, 269, 338, 339, 344

Peter of Savoy, 240, 258

Peter of Wakefield, 196–7

Petrarch, 515

Petronilla of Aquitaine, 28

Philip, bishop of Beauvais, 127

Philip, count of Flanders: alliance with Henry the Young King, 86, 88; death, 122; Dover visit, 95; envoys to Henry II, 93; invasion of England, 89; peace with Philip II, 105; Rouen siege, 91; tournaments, 101

Philip II Augustus, king of France: accession, 100–1; birth, 73–4; Bouvines victory (1214), 207–8, 597; conquests, 165, 167–9; coronation, 101; court, 102; death, 225; departure on crusade, 114–15; homage for Norman lands, 177–8; invasion fleet destroyed, 203–4, 205; invasion of England, 215, 217; invasion of Normandy, 139–40; invasion threat, 173–4; name, 159; peace terms with John, 155–7; relationship with Arthur, 142–3, 151, 162; relationship with Geoffrey, 104–5; relationship with Henry II, 105–8; relationship with John, 127, 132, 135, 139–40, 150–1, 153, 156, 199, 215; relationship with Richard, 106, 109, 110, 113, 114–15, 117–18, 120, 122–3, 135; return from crusade, 122–3, 139; siege of Acre, 119, 121; sister Alice’s treatment by Plantagenets, 116–18, 131; territories, 265; treatment of Jews, 321; truce with John (1206), 179; truce with John (1214), 208; war with Richard, 139, 141–5

Philip III, king of France, 290, 293, 330

Philip IV Le Bel, king of France: accession, 330; daughter’s betrothal, 360; death, 389; grandsons, 424; knighting ceremony, 379–80; papal loan permission, 382; Paris family pageant, 380–1, 382; peace negotiations, 330; truce (1298), 345; war with England (1297), 341, 345

Philip V, king of France, 379, 395, 408

Philip VI, king of France: Breton war of succession, 470; Calais relief attempts, 478; Crécy defeat (1346), 474, 476, 477, 479; death, 491; defence of Paris, 473; Edward III’s challenge to, 464; Edward III’s homage to, 424; fleet, 457; flight from Black Death, 482; Gascony campaign, 456; relationship with Robert of Artois, 454–5; support for Scots, 447; war with England, 455–6

Philip, son of John II, 497

Philip of Aumone, 69

Philip of Navarre, 496

Philippa, countess of Ulster, 592

Philippa of Hainault: betrothal, 413; children, 429, 443, 451, 468, 480, 505; coronation, 426, 429; death, 515–16; hostage in Ghent, 457; lifestyle, 441, 451, 503–4, 510, 516; marriage, 426; old age, 510; pleading for Calais citizens, 478; servant Alice Perrers, 510, 522; tomb, 528

Philippa of Toulouse, 55

Poitiers, battle (1356), 496–7, 506, 514, 598

Poitou: Aquitaine influence, 27, 109; French advance (1204), 175; French invasion, 225–6, 228; Henry III’s expedition, 243, 248, 252; Henry III’s renunciation of, 264; John’s expedition (1206), 179; John’s expedition (1214), 206, 226; John’s invasion plans, 205, 211; John’s position, 165, 169; Otto’s position, 144; peace negotiations, 495, 497, 499; recovery plans, 226, 228, 230, 243, 250; Richard I’s inheritance, 75, 85, 91, 118

Pole,
see
de la Pole

Pontefract castle, 390, 391, 400, 587, 601

Ponthieu: count of, 141; county of, 357, 424, 509; forces for Welsh campaign, 307; French confiscation, 455

Porchester castle, 177

Portinari of Florence, bankers, 461

Portsmouth: John’s invasion force (1205), 175–8; John’s invasion force (1214), 206; port and military base, 138–9, 143, 600

Powderham, John, 392

Provisions of Oxford (1258), 261–2, 265, 271–2, 295

Provisions of Westminster (1259), 263

Quiéret, Hugues, 459

Quo Warranto inquiries, 449

Ralph of Coggeshall, 160, 173, 176, 216

Ralph de Diceto: on Henry II, 47, 89–90; on rebellion of Henry II’s sons, 83; on Richard I’s death, 146; on Richard I’s ransom and return, 134, 135

Ramon–Berengar IV, count of Provence, 237

Randolph, John, earl of Moray, 447

Ranulf, 4th earl of Chester, 16, 17

Ranulf, 6th earl of Chester, 222

Rashid ad–Din Sinan, 128

Raymond V, count of Toulouse, 54, 57, 84

Raymond de Bisquale, 481

Raymond of Toulouse, ruler of Antioch, 29

Raymond Trencavel, lord of Béziers and Carcassonne, 55

Raymond–Berengar IV, count of Barcelona, 55

Reginald, sub–prior of Canterbury, 188

Reims, siege (1359–60), 499

Reinauld, count of Boulogne, 173, 198, 206, 208

Remonstrances (1297), 344

Reynaud of Châtillon, 110

Reynolds, Walter, archbishop of Canterbury, 387, 389, 397, 422

Rhuddlan: castle, 303, 311–12; truce (1277), 302, 306–7

Rhys ap Gruffudd, 399, 414, 427

Rhys ap Gruffydd of Deheubarth, 53

Riccardi bankers of Lucca, 322

Rich, Edmund, archbishop of Canterbury, 233, 239, 241

Richard, earl of Chester, 4

Richard, earl of Cornwall: brother Henry’s accession, 219; campaigning with father, 206; crusading, 242, 291; currency reform, 244; Dictum of Kenilworth negotiations, 287; finances, 251; Gascony campaign, 228; guardianship during nephew Edward’s crusade, 289; imprisonment, 276; intervention to spare Jews, 320; king of the Germans, 255, 256, 273; Lewes battle, 273, 274; Poitou campaign, 243; rebellions against brother Henry, 231, 240; Sicilian policy, 255; war policies, 230

Richard, king of Armenia, 513

Richard I (the Lionheart), king of England: appearance, 111, 129; betrothal to Alice, 105–6, 116–17; birth, 49; burial, 147; capture and imprisonment, 130–4, 137, 140; character, 102, 151; coronation, 111–12, 136, 147; count of Poitou, 85; crown–wearing ceremony, 136–7; crusade dreams, 106; crusade preparations, 112–14, 302; crusade victories, 126–7, 128–9, 598; death, 146–7, 148–9, 192, 597; departure on crusade (1190), 114–15; departure from England (1194), 138–9; duchy of Aquitaine, 102, 103–4; father’s death, 109; finances, 197; government, 138, 181; heart, 147; heir, 124–5, 149–52; illness at Acre, 120–1; inheritance, 75, 85, 102, 103–4, 106, 108, 109; kingship, 560; Le Mans meeting, 102; Lionheart legend, 129; marriage to Berengaria, 116–19, 142; naval force, 176; peace terms with father, 91; ransom and release, 133–5, 137, 256, 497; rebellions against father, 83–6, 107–8; relationship with brother John, 124, 127, 140–1; relationship with Philip II, 106–7, 109, 110, 113, 114–15, 117–18, 120, 122–3; return from crusade, 127, 129, 131–2, 135; in Sicily, 117–18, 124, 255; siege of Acre, 119–21, 126, 597; song–writing, 130–1; sword, 115; tomb, 147, 174; truce with Saladin, 129; war with Philip II, 139, 141–5, 182; warfare, 597

Richard II (Richard of Bordeaux), king of England: accession, 528; appearance, 541; Appellant revolt, 551–5; birth, 512–13; Bolingbroke–Mowbray dispute, 571–4; Bolingbroke’s invasion, 580–1; character, 539, 540, 541, 547, 562, 564, 587–8, 591; confiscation and redistribution of Lancaster lands, 578–9; coronation, 528–30; court, 558; death, 587, 590–1, 601; deposition, 585–7, 591, 592, 601; favourites, 542, 591; finances, 575; government during minority, 531; government from 1389, 556–7; government (1397–99), 574–7, 591; heir to the throne, 525, 526–8; household, 542, 555; imprisonment in Tower, 583–5; Irish expedition (1394), 563, 599; Irish expedition (1399), 579–80, 599; lifestyle, 541–2; marriages, 540–1, 563, 564; peace with France (1396), 563, 564; Peasants’ Revolt, 533–9, 583; relationship with parliament, 546–8, 549–50; revenge on Appellants, 565–70; reverence for Edward II, 561, 562, 584; Scottish campaign (1385), 545; succession, 591–2; surrender to Bolingbroke, 581–2; tomb, 561–2, 595; vision of kingship, 558–61, 587–8; war with France, 543; White Hart badge, 559, 560

Richard of Devizes, 123