The Plantagenets (86 page)

de Montfort, Simon the younger, 276–7, 278–9

de Valence,
see
Aymer, William

de Vere, Aubrey, 531

de Vere, Robert, 3rd earl of Oxford, 211

de Vere, Robert, 6th earl of Oxford, 363, 369

de Vere, Robert, 9th earl of Oxford, marquis of Dublin, duke of Ireland: Appellant revolt, 549, 551–4; death, 561; flight to France, 553, 554; Peasants’ Revolt, 536; relationship with Richard II, 542, 586; titles, 545, 546

de Vere, Thomas, 363

de Vesci, Eustace, 198–9, 205, 210

Denbigh castle, 312

Derby, earl of,
see
Henry IV (Henry of Bolingbroke)

des Roches, Peter, bishop of Winchester, 182, 221, 222, 225, 232

des Roches, William, 154, 160–1, 163

Despenser, Henry, 281

Despenser, Henry, bishop of Norwich, 544

Despenser, Hugh, 397

Despenser, Sir Hugh the elder, earl of Winchester: banishment, 397, 402; besieged in Bristol, 414–15; capture and imprisonment, 415; death, 416, 417; earldom of Winchester, 404, 449; Edward II’s coronation, 363; finances, 423; French state visit, 379; Gaveston’s burial, 388; powers, 396, 404, 405, 412; rehabilitation, 402, 403; relationship with Edward II, 365, 382, 390, 394, 396, 405, 407, 410; removed from government post, 389; rumoured plots against, 408; son’s marriage, 365–6; trial of Lancaster, 400; unpopularity, 394, 396, 398

Despenser, Hugh the younger: banishment, 397, 398, 402; capture, 416, 417; cruelty, 405; death, 417–18; finances, 423; flight, 415, 416; Gaveston’s burial, 388; Isabella and Mortimer’s arrival, 413–15; marriage, 365–6, 391, 409; powers, 396, 404, 405, 412; rehabilitation, 402, 403; relationship with Edward II, 390–1, 394, 396, 405, 407, 410, 419; restoration of estates, 404; return from exile, 398; royal grants, 391, 396–7, 404, 423; rumoured plots against, 408; Scottish campaign (1314), 383; treatment of Queen Isabella, 409–10, 411; trial and execution, 418; trial of Lancaster, 400; unpopularity, 394, 396–7, 398

Despenser, Thomas, earl of Gloucester, 567, 569–70

Despenser, Sir Thomas, 590

Devizes: attacked by Eustace, 25; imprisonment of Hubert de Burgh, 232; Matilda’s court, 19

Devon, earl of, 485

d’Eyville, Jocelin, 402

Diarmait MacMurchada, king of Leinster, 79–80

Dictum of Kenilworth, 286–7

Dieppe, sack (1195), 141

Dol, town, 168

Dominican order, 376–7, 392, 414, 427, 476

Douglas, Sir James, 425

Dover castle: construction, 95; Geoffrey’s arrival (1191), 124, 125; imprisonment of the Lord Edward, 277; prison, 126; reconstruction, 95, 124, 143, 600; siege (1216–17), 215, 222

du Guesclin, Bertrand, 511, 513, 514

Dunbar, battle (1296), 339, 348, 597

Duncan I, king of Scotland, 326

Dupplin Moor, battle (1332), 445, 446

Dymock, Sir Thomas, 589

earldoms, 50, 113, 328, 449–51

Edinburgh–Northampton, treaty of (1328), 425, 445

Edmund, earl of Lancaster: crusading, 291; death, 342; French negotiations, 331; Kenilworth siege, 286; kingdom of Sicily, 255, 256; marriage, 371; tournament edict, 288

Edmund, St, 38, 559, 594

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge, duke of York: Aquitaine campaign (1370), 518; birth, 468; childhood, 480; Flanders role, 508–9; Garter order, 500; government for Richard II, 580; marriage, 544; marriage plans, 509; at Merciless Parliament, 555; relationship with nephew Richard II, 543; rumoured conspiracy against, 566; titles, 506–7, 545

Edmund of Woodstock, earl of Kent: birth, 349; castles, 404; death, 430–1, 551; mission to France, 408; opposition to Mortimer, 430; supplanted by Gaveston, 361; support for Edward II, 398, 400; support for Edward III, 415; support for Isabella and Mortimer, 412; title, 450

Edward, duke of Albemarle, 558, 569, 575, 578, 581

Edward I, king of England (the Lord Edward): achievements, 352–3; appearance, 282, 337, 349; Arthur legend, 298–9, 304, 453, 595, 596; assassination attempt, 291–3; birth, 241; castle building programme, 309, 310–13; character, 282–3, 284; children by Eleanor, 286, 293, 313; children by Margaret, 349; coinage, 301, 316, 320; coronation, 293–4; crusading, 288–9, 290–3, 295, 322, 324; death, 352, 360; death of wife Eleanor, 326–7; duel with Gurdon, 285; escape from de Montforts, 277–8, 283; Evesham victory, 279–81, 283–4; expulsion of Jews, 317, 318–19, 321–3, 324; finances, 295–6, 314–15, 316–17, 322–3, 334–5, 341–4, 353; French invasion threat, 334–5; Gascon campaign (1294–7), 332, 334, 341; Gascon reform programme, 321–2; Gascony negotiations with Philip IV, 331–2; government, 315; Great Cause (Scottish throne dispute), 327; homage to Philip IV for Gascony, 331; Hundred Roll inquiries, 294–5; imprisonment, 274–5, 276, 277; Kenilworth siege, 286–7; laws, 314–16; Lewes defeat, 273–4; Maid of Norway’s death, 326; marriages, 250, 331–2, 349; name and nicknames, 241–2, 282, 283, 442–3; oath to barons, 260; old age, 351–2; opposition to treaty of Paris, 263; overlordship of Scots (1292), 327–9; relationship with Church, 305–6; relationship with nobility, 449; relationship with parliament (1297), 341–4; relationship with son, 357; reputation, 282, 283; royal power, 267; Scottish victories, 597, 599; tomb, 362, 427, 442; treatment of Jews, 320; treatment of rebels, 284–5, 287; truce with France (1298), 345; war against Simon de Montfort, 272–4, 278–81; war preparations (1294), 332; war preparations (1297), 341, 342–3; war with France, 344–5; war with Scotland (1296), 335–6, 337–40, 425; war with Scotland (1298), 347–8; war with Scotland (1306–7), 351, 352; Welsh campaign (1277), 299–303; Welsh campaign (1282), 307–9; Welsh campaign (1294–5), 333–4, 335; Welsh policies, 306–7

Edward II (Edward of Caernarfon), king of England: accession, 352, 360; appearance, 350, 357, 363; Bannockburn defeat (1314), 384–6, 597; betrothal, 360; birth, 313; canonization question (1395), 561, 562, 584; capture, 416; character, 350–1, 357–9, 395, 399; children, 381, 395, 397; civil war, 395, 398–401; coronation, 362–5, 367; crusading vow, 380–1; death, 426–7, 438; deposition, 420–1, 430, 547; distribution of confiscated possessions, 403–4; England invaded by Isabella and Mortimer, 412, 413–14; envoys to France, 409–10; execution of Lancaster, 400–1; favourites, 359, 390–2, 394–5, 396, 405–6, 449; finances, 404; flight from Isabella and Mortimer, 414–16; Gaveston’s burial, 387–8; Gaveston’s death, 381, 401; Gaveston’s exile, 365–6; heir to throne, 349–50; homage to Philip V, 395; imprisonment, 418–19, 426–7; influence of Nicholas of Wisbech, 392–3; knighthood ceremony, 351–2; marriage, 361, 362; marriage plans, 325, 328; name, 395; Ordinances (1311), 369, 372–3; Paris visit (1313), 379–81; parliamentary opposition to, 368–9, 370; Powderham claims, 392; regency government, 344, 346; reign, 584–5; relationship with Gaveston, 351, 352, 357, 359–60, 363–4, 367, 542; relationship with Lancaster, 387–8, 391–2, 393, 395; relationship with wife Isabella, 364, 367, 381, 409–11, 413, 418–19; reputation, 419–20; revenge after civil war, 402–3, 405–6; Scottish campaigns, 370, 382, 383–6, 391; supporters, 398; supposed survival, 429–30; tomb, 427–8, 430, 561, 595; war with France (1324), 408–9

Edward III, king of England: accession, 421, 430; appearance, 440–1; armour, 429; army, 445, 471–2, 597–8; Arthuriana, 443, 486, 490; badge, 440; betrothal, 413; birth, 381, 382, 433, 443; Breton war of succession, 470; Calais defence (1350), 491; Calais siege, 477–8; challenge to Philip VI, 464; character, 438–9, 441–2, 489; children, 430, 443, 452, 468, 480, 505–9, 510; chosen to govern England (1326), 415, 420–1; claim to French Crown, 424, 453, 454, 455, 471, 494–5, 497, 499; coinage, 441, 470–1; control of household, 423; coronation, 422, 441; coup against mother and Mortimer, 437–8, 440, 450, 566; creation of earldoms, 450–1; Crécy victory (1346) 474–7, 479; death, 528; education, 442; father’s death, 426–7; finances, 425, 426, 460–2, 464–7, 503; Flanders expedition (1340), 457–60, 462; in France, 410–11, 413; funeral, 528; Garter order, 496–9, 594, 595, 598; government crisis (1341),
466–8; government purge, 465–6; heraldry, 440, 442–3, 452, 453; homage from

Flemings, 453; homage to Charles IV, 410–11; homage to Philip VI, 424, 454, 455; invasion of England, 412–15; invasion of France (1346), 471–4; invasion of France (1355–6), 495; invasion of France (1359–60), 499–500; kingship, 560; legal system, 444; lifestyle and interests, 441–2, 462, 503; marriage, 426, 443; minority, 527; Normandy campaign (1346), 469–70; oaths sworn to, 420, 421; old age, 510, 520, 523, 526; peace terms with France (1327), 424; plot to recapture Crown, 431, 435–7; relationship with parliament (1341), 466–8, 593; relationship with parliament in old age (1376), 517–18, 520–3, 526–7, 593; Round Table, 486–7; Scottish campaigns (1333–7), 445–7, 454, 597; Scottish expedition (1327), 425, 597; Scottish truce (1343), 470; Sluys victory (1340), 458–60; titles, 381, 410–11; tomb, 528; tournaments, 440, 443, 449, 462, 466, 479–80, 485–6; Tower entry (1340), 463–4, 465, 467; vision of kingship, 443, 450; war with France, 455–6, 460–1, 463–5, 468, 490–3, 518–22; Winchelsea sea battle (1350), 492–3; wounded, 457

Edward III
, play, 460

Edward the Confessor: crown, 363; feast day, 244, 587; Henry II’s inspiration, 234–5, 236, 241, 246, 266, 298; illustrated life of, 350; laws, 9, 45, 319, 363; national saint, 594; piety, 584; Richard II’s inspiration, 559, 562, 584; shrine, 537–8, 560, 570; sword, 238; tomb, 288, 427, 595

Edward the Martyr, St, 594

Edward of Westminster, 237

Edward of Woodstock, prince of Wales (the Black Prince): appearance, 472; birth, 430; Calais defence (1350), 491; Calais siege, 477; Castilian campaign, 512; children, 512–13; Crécy battle (1346), 474, 475, 598; death, 523–5, 526; duchy of Aquitaine, 506, 508, 512, 514–15; finances, 506, 512, 514; French campaign (1346), 472; French campaign (1355–6), 495–6; French campaign (1359–60), 499–500; illness, 514, 520, 524; knighted, 472; Limoges sack (1370), 518–19, 529; marriage, 505–6, 509; Najera victory (1367), 513–14, 529; Poitiers victory (1356), 496–7, 506, 514; titles, 451, 506; tomb, 524; tournaments, 485; war hero, 480, 497; will, 524; Winchelsea sea battle (1350), 492

Eland, William, 436

Eleanor, daughter of Edward I, 289, 313

Eleanor, daughter of Henry II, wife of Alfonso VII, 49, 84, 94, 159, 175, 481

Eleanor of Aquitaine: annulment of marriage to Louis VII, 29, 30; appearance and character, 26; besieged in Mirebeau, 158, 160–1; captured by husband Henry, 85, 89, 91; children by Henry II, 47, 48–9, 73, 84, 142, 175; children by Louis VII, 26, 29; claim to Toulouse, 54, 55; death, 174–5; defence of England, 133; duchy of Aquitaine, 27–8, 29, 31, 104; escort for Berengaria, 116–18; family background, 26–7; father’s death, 27; imprisonment by husband Henry, 92, 104, 132; influence, 159, 163; languages, 45, 600; in London, 47–8; marriage to Henry II, 26, 30–1, 506; marriage to Louis VII, 26, 28–9; rebellion against husband Henry, 82, 84–5, 92; relationship with son John, 125, 127, 133, 141, 152, 167; relationship with son Richard, 75, 104, 114, 118, 141; reputation, 28–9; retirement, 141; role during son Richard’s absence on crusade, 114, 118, 133, 134; son Richard’s coronation, 111; son Richard’s death, 147; son Richard’s ransom, 134; son Richard’s return, 136; support for son John’s inheritance, 152; tomb, 174

Eleanor of Castile: ancestry, 481; children, 286, 289, 293, 313; crusading, 289, 291–3; death, 326–7; at Glastonbury, 298, 304; King’s Langley house, 387; marriage, 250, 282, 298, 481; Ponthieu county, 357

Eleanor de Clare, 409

Eleanor of Leicester, 239–40, 242

Eleanor de Montfort, 300–1, 306

Eleanor of Provence: children, 241, 242; exile, 276; expulsion of Jews, 320; marriage, 237–9; relationship with Lusignans, 260; Savoyard connections, 237–8, 241, 245, 253, 273

Eleanor of Woodstock, 395

Elizabeth, daughter of Edward I, 313, 341

English language, 262, 505, 558, 586, 600–1

Epiphany plot (1400), 590

Esplechin, truce of, 464

Eu: count of, 490; lordship, 140, 159

Eugene III, pope, 29, 37, 62

Eustace IV, count of Boulogne, son of Stephen, 25, 37–8, 40, 51, 63, 592

Eustache the Monk, 223

Eve, daughter of Diarmait MacMurchada, 80

Evesham, battle (1265), 279–81, 283–4, 597

Evesham, monk of (chronicler), 530, 567

Evreux, 141, 156

Evreux, counts of, 362, 496 excommunication: Barbarossa, 62; Becket’s pronouncements, 72, 78; Gaveston, 365, 367, 374, 377, 387; John, 190, 195, 203, 235; Pecham’s policies, 305; Prince Louis, 215; threat of, 62, 79, 113, 215, 233, 256–7, 259, 413

Exton, Sir Piers, 590

Eynsford, William Lord, 64

Falaise: castle, 95, 161, 166; treaty (1174), 92, 93

Falkirk, battle (1298), 347, 350, 383, 385, 445, 597

famine: (1204–5), 173; (1315), 388–9, 443, 462

Faughart, battle (1318), 395