The Good and Evil Serpent (192 page)

Shalit, L. “How Moses Turned a Staff into a Snake and Back Again,”
Biblical Archaeology Review
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Shuker, K.
Drachen: Mythologie—Symbolik—Geschichte
. Augsburg: Bechter-münz Verlag, 1997 [English original of 1995 by Marshall Editions, Ltd., London]; see esp. “Schlangendrachen” on pp. 11–38, “Fliegende Drachen [oder Schlange]” on pp. 77–94, and also p. 55 [Old Babylonian cylinder seal with a serpent], pp. 70–71 [Ishtar gate], and p. 107 [Hercules and the serpents].

Siegel, R. H. “The Serpent and the Dove: Christabel and the Problem of Evil,”
Imagination and the Spirit
, ed. C. A. Huttar. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerd-mans, 1971.

Sietto, G. B.
Ta Eleus … niva Musthvria
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______.
Ta Puqagovreia Musthvria
. Musthri … ake” Paradosei” 19. Athens: Purino “Kosmo,” 1993.

Silberman, L. H. “Paul’s Viper,”
Foundations and Facets Forum
8 (1992) 24753. [While focusing on Acts 28:3–6, Silberman demonstrates from Greek and Hebrew sources that the concept of a snake as the dispenser of divine judgment “was far more widespread than some commentators bothered to learn.”]

Simon, E. “Hesperides,” in
Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae
5.1, pp. 394–407 [bibliography]; see the photographs in
LIMC
5.2, Plates 287–91.

______. “Laokoon,” in
Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae
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LIMC
6.2, Plates 94–95.

Sist, L. “Stele magica con figurazione di dea serpente da aninoe,”
Vicino Oriente
1 (1978) 93–97.

Smelik, K. A., and E. A. Hemelrijk, “ ‘Who Knows Not What Monsters Demented Egypt Worships?’: Opinions on Egyptian Animal Worship in Antiquity as Part of the Ancient Conception of Egypt,”
ANRW
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Smit, D. I. O. “Serpens aut Daemonium?” in
Miscellanea Biblica et Orientalia
, ed. A. Metzinger. Studia Anselmiana 27–28; Rome: Herder, 1951; pp. 9497 [a study of Gen 4:7].

Smith, J. Z. “Towards Interpreting Demonic Powers in Hellenistic and Roman Antiquity,”
ANRW
II.16.1 (1978) 425–39.

Smith, R.
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. London: A. C. Black, 1894; see esp. pp. 120, 133, 168.

Smith, S. “What Were the Teraphim?”
Journal of Theological Studies
33 (1932) 33–36.

Smith, W., and S. Cheetham, eds. “Serpent,”
A Dictionary of Christian Antiquities 2
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Smith, W. R.
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Smith, W. S.
The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt
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Smyth-Florentin, F.
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Sobel, H.
Hygieia: Die Göttin der Gesundheit
. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1990; see esp. the forty illustrations (numbered per page); most important, see Illus. 3b [Hygieia, Asclepius, and a large serpent], Illus. 7a, 8b, 9a, 11b [Hygieia with a serpent], 18a [Hygieia, Asclepius, and the serpent].

Soden, W. von.
Grundriss der Akkadischen Grammatik
. Rome: Pontificium Insti-tutum Biblicum, 1952; see esp. §56r.

______. “Verschlüsselte Kritik an Salomo in der Urgeschichte des Jahwisten?”
Die Welt des Orients
7 (1974) 228–40.

Soggin, J. A. “La caduta dell’unomo nel terzo capitolo della Genesi,”
Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni
33 (1962) 227–56.

Speiser, E. A.
Excavations at Tepe Gawra I: Levels I-VIII
. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1935; see esp. pp. 111–12 [at least seventeen bronze serpents were found in EB strata].

______. “Preliminary Excavations at Tepe Gawra,”
Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research
9 (1929) 17–94 [see preceding].

Speiser, W.
Ostasiatische Kunst
. Ullstein Kunstgeschichte 17. West Berlin: Ullstein Bücher, 1964; see esp. Illus. 3 [dragons on a vase from four-three cent.
BCE
], and 35 [dragons on a chest from 1585].

Stallman, R. C. “V)rO,”
New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis
, ed. W. A. Van Gemeren. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 1997; vol. 3, pp. 84–88.

Stanford, P.
The Devil: A Biography
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Realex. d. dt. Kunstgesch
. 4 (1958) 342–66. Stauropoulos, S. G.
. Athens: Aiolos, 2000.

St. Clair, G. “The Subtle Serpent,”
The Journal of Theological Studies
7 (1906) 40–50.

Steel, Otto,
Der Physiologus, Tiere und ihre Symbolik
. Zürich, Artemis and Winkler, 1995.

Stemmler-Morath, C.
Schlangen
. Basel, 1968; see esp. pp. 78ff.

Stephanus, H., et al., eds. “
”
Thesaurus Graecae Linguae
. Paris: Didot, n.d.; cols. 2454–55.

Stevens, K. G.
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______. “Eine Ikonographische Untersuchung der Schlange im Vorgeschichtlichen Mesopotamien,” in
Archaeologia Iranica et Orientalis: Miscellanea in Honorem Louis Vanden Berghe
, ed. L. De Meyer and E. Haerninck. Leuven: Gent, 1989; pp. 1–32. [Stevens laments the lack of a comprehensive study of serpent iconography in Mesopotamia and attempts to offer a succinct presentation.]

Stichel, R. “Die Verführung der Stammeltern durch Satanael nach der Kurzfassung der slavischen Baruch-Apokalypse,” in
Kulturelle Traditionen in Bulgarien
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Stork, L. “Schlange,”
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Strackmann, R. “Asklepios in Epidaurus,” in
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Strauss, S. “Zur Symbolik der Schlange,”
Psyche
(1948) 340–57.

Sullivan, L. E.
Icanchu’s Drum: An Orientation to Meaning in South American Religions
. New York: Macmillan and London: Collier/Macmillan, 1988.

Tabick, J. “The Snake in the Grass: The Problem of Interpreting a Symbol in the Hebrew Bible and Rabbinic Writings,”
Religion
16, no. 2 (April 1986) 155–67.

Tatum, W. B. “The LXX Version of the Second Commandment (Ex. 20,3–6 = Deut. 5,7–10): A Polemic Against Idols, Not Images,”
Journal for the Study of Judaism
, 17 (1986) 177–95.

Taylor, L. “The Rainbow Serpent as Visual Metaphor in Western Arnhem Land,”
Oceania
60 (June 1990) 329–44.

Tertullian.
Opera Montanistica
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______.
Tertulian—”De Idolatria”: Critical Text, Translation, and Commentary
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Teselle, E. “Serpent, Adam, and Eve: Augustine and the Allegorical Tradition,”
Augustine: Presbyter Factus Sum
, ed. J. Lienhard et al. New York: Peter Lang, 1993.

Testa, P. E.
Il Simbolismo dei Giudeo-Cristiani
. Studium Biblicum Franciscanum 14. Jerusalem: Tipografia dei PP. Francescani, 1962; see esp. pp. 278–82.

______. “La mitica rigenerazione della vita in un amuleto Samaritano-Cristiano del IV Secolo,”
Studii Biblici Franciscani, Liber Annus
22 (1973) 286–317.

Tetzlaff, I.
Romanische Kapitelle in Frankreich: Löwe und Schlange, Sirene und Engel
. Cologne: DuMont Buchverlag, 1979 [3rd ed.].

Thielicke, H.
How the World Began: Man in the First Chapters of the Bible
. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1961.

Thiersch, H. “Ein altmediterraner Tempeltyp,”
Zeitschrift für die alttestament-lichen Wissenschaft
50 (1932) 73–85 [a serpent image applied to a pot was found near an MB altar at Shechem].

Thomas, D. W., ed.
Archaeology and Old Testament Study: Jubilee Volume of the Society for Old Testament Study 1917–67
. Oxford: Clarendon, 1967.

Thomas, H. “Beispiele der Wandlung: Adler und Schlange als Natursymbole,”
Antaios
12 (1971) 48–57.

Thompson, S.
Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
. 6 vols. Rev. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1955–58 [rev. and enlarged edition].

Thureau-Dangin, “Le serpent d’airain,”
Revue d’histoire et de littérature religieuses
1 (1896) 151–58.

Thüsing, W.
Die Erhöhung und Verherrlichung Jesu im Johannesevangelium
. Neutestamentliche Abhandlungen 21. Münster, 1979 [3rd ed.].

Ting, N.-T. “The Holy Man and the Snake-Woman: A Study of a Lamia Story in Asian and European Literature,”
Fabula
8 (1966) 145–91.

Tintelnot, H.
Vom Klassizismus zur Moderne
. Ullstein Kunstgeschichte 16. West Berlin: Ullstein Bücher, 1964; see esp. Fig. 14 [Ernst Barlach’s Pan playing the flute before an upraised serpent], and Illus. 73 [Henri Rousseau’s “Die Schlangenbeschwörerin”].

Tischendorf, C., ed.
Acta Pilati A
, in
Evangelia Apocrypha
, Editio Altera. Leipzig: Hermann Mendelssohn, 1876.

Tobler, A. J.
Excavations at Tepe Gawra II: Levels IX-XX
. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1950. [See the depiction of a serpent rising beneath a couple who are copulating; Plate 163: 87.]

Torn, K. van der. “Viper,”
Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible
, ed. K. van der Toorn, B. Becking, and P. W. van der Horst. Leiden and Boston: Brill and Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999 [2nd ed.]; p. 890.

Torrey, C. C. “Jeremiah and the Reptiles of Egypt,”
The Lives of the Prophets: Greek Text and Translation
. Philadelphia: Society of Biblical Literature, 1946; pp. 49–52.

______. “‘When I Am Lifted Up from the Earth’ John 12,32,”
Journal of Biblical Literature
51 (1932) 320–22.

Toscanne, P. “Etudes sur le serpent, figure et symbole dans l’antiquité Elamite,”
Mémoires de la Délégation en Perse, Tome XII: Recherches Archéologiques
. Quatrième Série. Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1911; pp. 153–228.