The Good and Evil Serpent (193 page)

Tottoli, R. “Il bastone di Mosè mutato in serpente nell’esegesi e nelle tradizioni islamiche,”
Annali
51 (1991 [Naples]) 225–43; see esp. pp. 383–94 [on Moses’ staff].

Trendall, A. D. “Alkmene,” in
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Treu, U. “ ‘Otterngezücht’: Ein patristischer Beitrag zur Quellenkunde des Physiolo-gus,”
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Tristan, F.
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______. “Der Schlangentext von Ugarit,”
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Turner, C. W. “Wie die Schlange zum Symbol der Medizin wurde,”
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Van Buren, E. D. “Entwined Serpents,”
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______. “The God Ningizzida,”
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______.
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Van den Branden, A. “La création de l’homme et de la femme d’après le document Jahviste,”
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Vassilakis, A.
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Vázquez, J. A. “The Cosmic Serpent in the Codex Baranda,”
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Veith, I. “Symbol of Medicine: Caduceus of Hermes or the Knotted Staff of Aesculapius,”
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Veldhuis, N. “An Ur III Incantation Against the Bite of a Snake, a Scorpion, or a Dog,”
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Vergote, J. “Le nom du roi ‘Serpent,’ “
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Vermes, G.
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Vermes, M. “Le serpent d’airain fabriqué par Moïse et les serpents guérisseurs d’Esculape,”
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Vian, F., and M. B. Moore, “Gigantes,” in
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4.1, pp. 191–270 [bibliography]; see also the photographs in
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4.2, esp. Plates 112–17, 149–58.

Vieyra, M.
Hittite Art
. London: A. Tiranti, 1955. [See esp. the LB bronze statue of a god holding a serpent.]

Vincomb, J.
Fictitious and Symbolic Creatures in Art with Special Reference to Their Use in British Heraldry
. London, 1906. Virolleaud, M. “La mort de Baal: Poème de Ras-Shamra (I* AB),”
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Visser, M. W. de.
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. Wiesbaden, 1913.

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Vogel, J. P.
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. London: Arthur Probsthain, 1926.

______. “Serpent Worship in Ancient and Modern India,”
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Voth, H. R.
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Wackernagel, M.
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Waele, F. J. M. de.
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______. “Zauberstab,”
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Walker, A., ed.
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. Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1996; see esp. III, 24 (bronze snake from Egypt, c. 1320–1200
BCE
), III, 25 (serpent in cornelian, Egypt, Ptolemaic Period), III, 26 (granite cobra head from Egypt, Greco-Roman Period), III, 27 (bronze serpent, first or second cent.
CE
).

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Wallace, H. N.
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Warburg, A. M.
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. Berlin: Verlag Klaus Wagenbach, 1988. [This work is devoted to the Pueblo Indians in North America; see esp. p. 17 (Ttzitz Chu’i, the serpent), p. 45 (dancing woman with serpents), p 46 (Laocoon), p. 47 (As-clepios), p. 52 (serpents and selling medicine against snake bites), p. 53 (raised serpent and the crucifixion according to Add. MS. 31303), p. 80 (serpents collected for the New Year’s ceremony), and p. 81 (Pueblos dancing with snakes in their mouths)].

Ward, W. A. “The Four-winged Serpent on Hebrew Seals,”
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43 (1968) 135–43.

______. “The Hiw-Ass, the Hiw-Serpent, and the God Seth,”
Journal of Near Eastern Studies
37 (1978) 23–34.

Ward, W. H.
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______.
Cylinders and Other Ancient Oriental Seals in the Library of J. Pierpont Morgan
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Waters, F.
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Watzinger, C.
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Weber, O.
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Weder, H. “L’asymétrie du salut. Réflexions sur Jean 3, 14–21 dans le cadre de la théologie Johannique,” in
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, ed. by J.-D. Kaestli, J.-M. Poffet, and J. Zumstein. Geneva: Labor et Fides, 1990; pp. 156–84.

Wellman, M. “Basilisk,”
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, 3.7 (1987) cols. 10–101.

Welsford, E. “Serpent-Worship: Teutonic and Balto-Slavic,”
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, ed. J. Hastings. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark and New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920 [1962]; vol. 11, pp. 419–23.

Welten, P. “Schlange,”
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(1977) 280–82.

Wénin, A. “Adam et Ève: La jalousie de Caïn, ‘semence’ du serpent,”
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73 (1999) 3–16.

______. “Satan ou l’adversaire de l’alliance: Le serpent, père du mensonge,”
Graphe
9 (2000) 23–43.

Werner, E. T. C.
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. New York: Shangai, Kelly and Welsh, 1961; see esp. p. 448.

______.
Myths and Legends of China
. London: G. G. Harrap & Co., 1922; see esp. pp. 227–30.

West, J. A.
Serpent in the Sky: The High Wisdom of Ancient Egypt
. Wheaton, Ill: The Theosophical Publishing House, 1993 [to be read with a critical eye].

Westermann, C.
Genesis 1–11: A Commentary
, trans. J. J. Scullion. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1974; see esp. pp. 237–242.

Westheim, P.
Die Kunst Alt-Mexikos
. Ullstein Kunstgeschichte 18. West Berlin: Ullstein Bücher, 1964; see esp. Illus. 25 [a black granite serpent made by the Aztecs].

______.
The Gospel of John: In Light of the Old Testament
, trans. S. S. Schatzmann. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1998.

Westropp, Hodder M., and C. Staniland Wake,
Ancient Symbol Worship
. White-fish, Mont.: Kessinger, 1997.

Whitehead, N. L. “The Snake Warriors—Sons of the Tiger’s Teeth: A Descriptive Analysis of Carib Warfare, ca. 1500–1820,”
Acta Antiqua
37 (1996–1997) 146–70. [The Caribs originate, according to a widely held myth, from a giant snake’s rotting body.]

Whitekettle, R. “Rats Are Like Snakes, and Hares Are Like Goats: A Study in Israelite Land Animal Taxonomy,”
Biblica
82 (2001) 345–62.

Whiting, R. M. “Six snake omens in New Babylonian Script,”
Journal of Cuneiform Studies
36, no. 2. (1984) 206–10.

Whittaker, M.
Jews and Christians
. Cambridge Commentaries on Writings of the Jewish and Christian World 200 B.C. to A.D. 200; No. 6. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984; see esp. pp. 188–89, 195–97, 212–13.

Widengren, G.
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. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1951.

Wiedemann, A.
Der Tierkult der alten Ägypter
. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1912.

Wiesel, E. “The Serpent,”
Bible Review
13.6 (1997) 18–19 [trans. A. Martin].

Wiggerman, F. A. M. “Transtigridian Snake Gods,” in
Sumerian Gods and Their Representations
, ed. I. L. Finkel and M. J. Geller. Cuneiform Monographs 7; Groningen: STYX Publications, 1997; pp. 33–55.

Wiggins, S. A. “The Myth of Asherah: Lion Lady and Serpent Goddess,”
Ugarit-Forschungen
23 (1991) 383–94. [Wiggins clarifies that as the Serpent Goddess, Asherah has connections with Qedeshet, Eve, and Tanit.]

Wilbert, J. “Eschatology in a Participatory Universe: Destinies of the Soul Among the Warao Indians of Venezuela,” in
Death and the Afterlife in Pre-Columbian America
, ed. E. P. Benson. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1975; pp. 163–89.

Will, E. “Le tour de straton: Mythes et réalités,”
Syria
64 (1987) 245–51.

Williams, A. J. “The Relationship of Genesis 3:20 to the Serpent,”
Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
89 (1977) 357–74.

Williams, C. A. S.
Outlines of Chinese Symbolism and Art Motives
. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle, 1974.

Williams, J. G. “Serpent and the Son of Man,”
The Bible Today
39 (2001) 22-26.

Williams, W. G. “Serpent, Bronze,”
Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible
, vol. 4. Nashville: Abingdon, 1962; p. 291.

Williams-Forte, E. “The Snake and the Tree in the Iconography and Texts of Syria During the Bronze Age,” in
Ancient Seals and the Bible
, ed. L. Gorelick and E. Williams-Forte. Malibu, Calif.: Undena Publications, 1983; 18–43. [The author claims that in Genesis 3, the serpent symbolizes evil and cunning, not death. The serpent is the deceiver.]

Wilpert, C. B.
Kosmogonische Mythen der australischen Eingeborenen
. Munich, 1970.

Wilson, K. V. K.
The Legend of Etana
. Warminster: Aris and Phillips, 1985.