Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food (114 page)

52
Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, p. 483.

53
Boog et al.,
Der Angriff
, p. 1003.

54
Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord
, pp. 31–2.

55
Boog et al.,
Der Angriff
, p. 1004.

56
Ibid., p. 1006.

57
Ibid., p. 1007.

58
Ibid., p. 1009.

59
Ibid., p. 1015.

60
Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, p. 482.

61
Gerlach,
Krieg,
Ernährung, Völkermord
, p. 34.

62
Tanaka,
Hidden Horrors
, p. 2.

63
Boog et al.,
Der Angriff
, p. 996.

64
Ibid., pp. 1018–19.

65
Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord
, p. 39.

66
Ibid., pp. 33–4.

67
Ibid., p. 42.

68
Fritz,
Frontsoldaten
, pp. 51–2.

69
Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord
, pp. 46–7.

70
Boog et al.,
Der Angriff
, p. 1019.

71
Adamovich and Granin,
A Book of the Blockade
, p. 47.

72
Bidlack, ‘Survival strategies in Leningrad’, p. 99.

73
Moskoff,
The Bread of Affliction
, p. 205.

74
Adamovich and Granin,
A Book of the Blockade
, pp. 40–41.

75
Moskoff,
The Bread of Affliction
, p. 193.

76
Simmons and Perlina,
Writing the Siege of Leningrad
, p. 59.

77
Kay,
Exploitation
, p. 186.

78
Gerlach, ‘Militärische “Versorgungszwänge”’, p. 197.

79
Vassilieva,
A Hostage to War
, pp. 13–15.

80
Boog et al.,
Der Angriff
, pp. 1010–11.

81
Berkhoff,
Harvest of Despair
, p. 165.

82
Ibid., p. 169.

83
Ibid., p. 172.

84
Moskoff,
The
Bread of Affliction
, p. 55.

85
Berkhoff,
Harvest of Despair
, pp. 171–2.

86
Ibid., p. 144.

87
Ibid., p. 173.

88
Ibid., p. 172.

89
Ibid., p. 173.

90
Citizen of Kharkiw, ‘Lest we forget’, pp. 74–5.

91
Ibid., p. 72.

92
Ibid., p. 73.

93
Ibid., p. 73.

94
Ibid., p. 76.

95
Bartov,
Hitler’s Army
, p. 17.

96
Ibid., pp. 15–18, 25.

97
Sajer,
The Forgotten Soldier
, p. 27.

98
Carruthers,
Servants of Evil
, p. 43.

99
Ibid., p. 53.

100
Dunn,
The Soviet Economy
, p. 198.

101
Bartov,
Hitler’s Army
, pp. 15, 25.

102
Ibid., pp. 17–18.

103
Carruthers,
Servants of Evil
, p. 57.

104
Sajer,
The
Forgotten Soldier
, p. 27.

105
Lucas,
The War on the Eastern Front
, p. 79.

106
Steinhoff et al.,
Voices
, p. 114.

107
Humburg,
Das Gesicht des Krieges
, p. 161.

108
Sajer,
The
Forgotten Soldier
, p. 85.

109
Bartov,
The Eastern Front
, p. 24.

110
Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord
, p. 70.

111
Schulte,
The German Army
, p. 113.

112
Boog et al.,
Der Angriff
, p. 999.

113
Ibid., p. 1000.

114
Bartov,
The Eastern Front
, p. 25.

115
Herbert Froböse, interviewed January 2007.

116
Rüther,
Köln
, p. 120.

117
Müller, ‘Albert Speer und die Rüstungspolitik’, p. 486; Corni and Gies,
Brot, Butter, Kanonen
, p. 561.

118
Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, p. 542.

119
Corni and Gies,
Brot, Butter, Kanonen
, p. 562.

120
Ibid., p. 563.

121
Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, p. 544.

122
Müller, ‘Albert Speer und die Rüstungspolitik’, pp. 487, 495.

123
Dörr,
“Wer die Zeit nicht miterlebt hat …”
, II, p. 20.

124
Ibid., II, p. 21.

125
Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, p. 544.

126
Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung,
Völkermord
, p. 68.

127
Ibid., p. 297.

128
Ibid., p. 168.

129
Ibid., pp. 131–2.

130
Ibid., p. 168.

131
Bartov,
Germany’s War
, p. 108.

132
Brzeska,
Through a Woman’s Eyes
, pp. 26–7, 30.

133
Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung,
Völkermord
, pp. 172–3.

134
Klukowski,
Diary
, p. 189.

135
Roland,
Courage under Siege
, p. 112.

136
Ibid., p. 99.

137
Ibid., pp. 111–12, 175.

138
Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung,
Völkermord
, pp. 176–7.

139
Ibid., p. 186.

140
Ibid., p. 183.

141
Ibid., pp. 198, 200.

142
Klukowski,
Diary
, p. 188.

143
Ibid., p. 189.

144
Ibid., p. 191.

145
Ibid., p. 196.

146
Ibid., p. 197.

147
Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung,
Völkermord
, pp. 209–10.

148
Ibid., p. 246.

149
Laqueur and Breitman,
Breaking the Silence
, pp. 37, 75; ‘Eduard Schulte’, US Holocaust Memorial Museum,
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModulId=10005682
.

150
Laqueur and Breitman,
Breaking the Silence
, p. 105.

151
Ibid., p. 130; Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung,
Völkermord
, p. 255.

152
Müller, ‘Die Mobilisierung der deutschen Wirtschaft’, p. 397.

153
Corni and Gies,
Brot, Butter, Kanonen
, p. 564.

154
Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung,
Völkermord
, p. 212.

155
Picker,
Hitlers Tischgespräche
, p. 432.

156
Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung,
Völkermord
, pp. 212–14.

157
Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, p. 546.

158
Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung,
Völkermord
, pp. 215–16.

159
Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, pp. 546–7.

160
Ibid.; Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung,
Völkermord
, p. 217.

161
Klukowski,
Diary
, p. 210.

162
Ibid.

163
Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung,
Völkermord
, pp. 220, 231–2.

164
Ibid., p. 237.

165
Ibid., p. 241.

166
Luczak, ‘Landwirtschaft und Ernährung in Polen’, pp. 126–7. He gives different figures for potatoes: 500,200 tons of potatoes. 50.9% of rye, 28% of barley, 65.6% of oats and 51.8% of potatoes.

167
Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung,
Völkermord
, pp. 248, 227.

168
Berkhoff,
Harvest of Despair
, pp. 176–7.

169
Ibid., p. 184.

170
Ibid.

171
Mazower,
Hitler’s Empire
, p. 164.

172
Moskoff,
The Bread of Affliction
, pp. 55–6.

173
Citizen of Kharkiw, ‘Lest we forget’, p. 79.

174
Berkhoff,
Harvest of Despair
, p. 122.

175
Corni and Gies,
Brot, Butter, Kanonen
, p. 564.

176
Müller, ‘Albert Speer und die Rüstungspolitik’, p. 488.

177
Kay,
Exploitation
, p. 167; Mazower,
Hitler’s Empire
, p. 147.

178
Boog et al.,
Der Angriff
, p. 1014.

179
Berkhoff,
Harvest of Despair
, p. 176.

180
Boog et al.,
Der Angriff
, pp. 1020–1.

181
Berkhoff,
Harvest of Despair
, p. 134.

182
Ibid., pp. 128–9.

183
Müller, ‘Albert Speer und die Rüstungspolitik’, p. 488.

184
Berkhoff,
Harvest of Despair
, pp. 130–31.

185
Dallin,
German Rule in Russia
, pp. 363–4.

186
Gerlach,
Kalkulierte Morde
, p. 257.

187
Moskoff,
The Bread of Affliction
, p. 48.

188
Schulte,
The German Army
, p. 88.

189
Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, p. 548.

190
Corni and Gies,
Brot, Butter, Kanonen
, p. 564.

191
Beck,
Under the Bombs
, p. 19.

192
Burchardt, ‘The impact of the war economy’, p. 53.

193
McDermott,
Women Recall the War Years
, p. 240.

10. Soviet Collapse

1
Sakharov,
Memoirs
, pp. 51–2.

2
Ibid.

3
Service,
A History of Twentieth-Century Russia
, pp. 31, 109–10.

4
Moskoff,
The Bread of Affliction
, p. 136.

5
Taugar, ‘Stalin, Soviet agriculture, and collectivisation’, pp. 110–11.

6
Ibid., p. 130.

7
Service,
A History of Twentieth-Century Russia
, pp. 163–4, 181.

8
Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System, Schedule A, Vol. 18, Case 344, pp. 5–6.

9
Ibid.

10
Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System, Schedule A, Vol. 15, Case 305, pp. 23–4.

11
Service,
A History of Twentieth-Century Russia
, pp. 180–81.

12
Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System, Schedule A, Vol. 15, Case 305, p. 48.

13
Service,
A History of Twentieth-Century Russia
, p. 182.

14
Barber and Harrison,
The Soviet Home Front
, p. 6.

15
Bordiugov, ‘The popular mood’, p. 59.

16
Volin,
A Century
, p. 281.

17
Ibid., p. 275; Dunn,
The Soviet Economy
, p. 43. The Germans occupied about 40 per cent of crop land, 84 per cent of sugar-producing land, and captured about 40 per cent of beef and dairy cattle, and 60 per cent of the Soviet Union’s pigs.

18
Volin,
A Century
, pp. 276–9; Barber and Harrison,
The Soviet Home Front
, pp. 187–8.

19
Miller, ‘Impact and aftermath of World War II’, p. 286.