Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion (53 page)
Authors: Edward J. Larson
BOOK: Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion
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7
Ibid.; “Quash Indictment but Return New One,”
Nashville Banner,
10 July 1925, p. 1.
Ibid.; “Quash Indictment but Return New One,”
Nashville Banner,
10 July 1925, p. 1.
8
John T. Scopes,
Center of the Storm: Memoirs of John T. Scopes
(New York: Holt, 1967), 102-3.
John T. Scopes,
Center of the Storm: Memoirs of John T. Scopes
(New York: Holt, 1967), 102-3.
9
W. J. Bryan to S. K. Hicks, 25 June 1925, in Hicks Papers.
W. J. Bryan to S. K. Hicks, 25 June 1925, in Hicks Papers.
10
Darrow,
My Life,
256.
Darrow,
My Life,
256.
11
Scopes, Center of the Storm, 105; Hays,
Let Freedom Ring,
76-77; Transcript, 3, 109.
Scopes, Center of the Storm, 105; Hays,
Let Freedom Ring,
76-77; Transcript, 3, 109.
12
Transcript, 41; Tracy, “No Modernists Named on the Scopes Jury,” 1.
Transcript, 41; Tracy, “No Modernists Named on the Scopes Jury,” 1.
13
Transcript, 29-36.
Transcript, 29-36.
14
Transcript, 13-14; Hays, Let Freedom Ring, 37; Watson Davis, “School of Science for Rhea County,”
Chattanooga Times,
11 July 1925, p. 1.
Transcript, 13-14; Hays, Let Freedom Ring, 37; Watson Davis, “School of Science for Rhea County,”
Chattanooga Times,
11 July 1925, p. 1.
15
Transcript, 14.
Transcript, 14.
16
H. L. Mencken, “The Monkey Trial: A Reporter’s Account,” in Jerry D. Tompkins, ed.,
D-Days at Dayton: Reflections on the Scopes Trial
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1965), 38-39 (reprint of 11 July 1925 article).
H. L. Mencken, “The Monkey Trial: A Reporter’s Account,” in Jerry D. Tompkins, ed.,
D-Days at Dayton: Reflections on the Scopes Trial
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1965), 38-39 (reprint of 11 July 1925 article).
17
Tracy, “No Modernists Named on the Scopes Jury,” 1.
Tracy, “No Modernists Named on the Scopes Jury,” 1.
18
“A Typical Southern Jury,”
Pittsburgh American,
17 July 1925, p. 4.
“A Typical Southern Jury,”
Pittsburgh American,
17 July 1925, p. 4.
19
Transcript, 43.
Transcript, 43.
20
Transcript, 7—9.
Transcript, 7—9.
21
Davis, “School of Science for Rhea County,” 1.
Davis, “School of Science for Rhea County,” 1.
22
Transcript, 43.
Transcript, 43.
23
Jack Lait, “Scopes Trial Keys Up Dayton,”
Nashville Banner,
12 July 1925, p. 1.
Jack Lait, “Scopes Trial Keys Up Dayton,”
Nashville Banner,
12 July 1925, p. 1.
24
“Dayton’s Police Suppress Skeptics,”
New York Times,
12 July 1925, p. 1.
“Dayton’s Police Suppress Skeptics,”
New York Times,
12 July 1925, p. 1.
25
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 40 (reprint of 13 July 1925 article).
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 40 (reprint of 13 July 1925 article).
26
Ralph Perry, “‘Loud Speaker’ for the State,”
Nashville Banner,
13 July 1925. P. 1.
Ralph Perry, “‘Loud Speaker’ for the State,”
Nashville Banner,
13 July 1925. P. 1.
27
“Hostility Grows in Dayton Crowd; Champions Clash,”
New York Times,
12 July 1925, p. I.
“Hostility Grows in Dayton Crowd; Champions Clash,”
New York Times,
12 July 1925, p. I.
28
Ibid.
Ibid.
29
“Dayton’s One Pro-Evolution Pastor Quits as Threat Bars Dr. Potter from Pulpit,”
New York Times,
13 July 1925, p. 1. (Article title refers to Howard G. Byrd, pastor of Dayton’s northern Methodist church, who quit after his invitation to let Potter deliver the Sunday sermon was overruled by the congregation.)
“Dayton’s One Pro-Evolution Pastor Quits as Threat Bars Dr. Potter from Pulpit,”
New York Times,
13 July 1925, p. 1. (Article title refers to Howard G. Byrd, pastor of Dayton’s northern Methodist church, who quit after his invitation to let Potter deliver the Sunday sermon was overruled by the congregation.)
30
“Dayton’s One Pro-Evolution Pastor Quits,” 1.
“Dayton’s One Pro-Evolution Pastor Quits,” 1.
31
“Crowds Jam Court to See Champions,”
New York Times,
14 July 1925, p. 1.
“Crowds Jam Court to See Champions,”
New York Times,
14 July 1925, p. 1.
32
Darrow,
My Life,
259.
Darrow,
My Life,
259.
33
Transcript, 45.
Transcript, 45.
34
Transcript, 50.
Transcript, 50.
35
Transcript, 55.
Transcript, 55.
36
Transcript, 56-57; Hays,
Let Freedom Ring,
42-43.
Transcript, 56-57; Hays,
Let Freedom Ring,
42-43.
37
“Clash of Attorneys,”
Nashville Banner,
13 July 1925, p. 3.
“Clash of Attorneys,”
Nashville Banner,
13 July 1925, p. 3.
38
Transcript, 66.
Transcript, 66.
39
Transcript, 66-68, 73.
Transcript, 66-68, 73.
40
“Lively Clashes in Move to Quash Indictment,”
Chattanooga Times,
14 July 1925, p. 1.
“Lively Clashes in Move to Quash Indictment,”
Chattanooga Times,
14 July 1925, p. 1.
41
Darrow,
My Life,
259-60.
Darrow,
My Life,
259-60.
42
“Darrow Scores Ignorance and Bigotry Seeking to Quash Scopes Indictment,”
New York Times,
14 July 1925, p. 1.
“Darrow Scores Ignorance and Bigotry Seeking to Quash Scopes Indictment,”
New York Times,
14 July 1925, p. 1.
43
Transcript, 75.
Transcript, 75.
44
Transcript, 79-84.
Transcript, 79-84.
45
Transcript, 77-87.
Transcript, 77-87.
46
“Darrow Scores Ignorance and Bigotry,” 1.
“Darrow Scores Ignorance and Bigotry,” 1.
47
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 41 (reprint of 14 July 1925 article).
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 41 (reprint of 14 July 1925 article).
48
“Darrow Scores Ignorance and Bigotry,” 1.
“Darrow Scores Ignorance and Bigotry,” 1.
49
Philip Kinsley, “Liberty at Stake if Law Stands, Darrow Says,”
Chicago Tribune,
14 July 1925, p. 1.
Philip Kinsley, “Liberty at Stake if Law Stands, Darrow Says,”
Chicago Tribune,
14 July 1925, p. 1.
50
Joseph Wood Krutch, “Darrow vs. Bryan,”
Nation,
29 July 1925, p. 136.
Joseph Wood Krutch, “Darrow vs. Bryan,”
Nation,
29 July 1925, p. 136.
51
Hays,
Let Freedom Ring,
46.
Hays,
Let Freedom Ring,
46.
52
“Lively Clashes in Move to Quash Indictment,” 1.
“Lively Clashes in Move to Quash Indictment,” 1.
53
Darrow,
My Life,
257.
Darrow,
My Life,
257.
54
“Darrow’s Paradise,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 15 July 1925, p. 1.
“Darrow’s Paradise,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 15 July 1925, p. 1.
55
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 41 (reprint of 14 July 1925 article).
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 41 (reprint of 14 July 1925 article).
56
Hays,
Let Freedom Ring,
41.
Hays,
Let Freedom Ring,
41.
57
Transcript, 89-90.
Transcript, 89-90.
58
Transcript, 90-91; “Stormy Scenes in the Trial of Scopes as Darrow Moves to Bar All Prayers,”
New York Times,
15 July 1925, p. 1.
Transcript, 90-91; “Stormy Scenes in the Trial of Scopes as Darrow Moves to Bar All Prayers,”
New York Times,
15 July 1925, p. 1.
59
Transcript, 92.
Transcript, 92.
60
Sterling Tracy, “Lawyers Out for Gore When Evolution Trial Starts to Get Rough,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 15 July 1925, p. 1.
Sterling Tracy, “Lawyers Out for Gore When Evolution Trial Starts to Get Rough,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 15 July 1925, p. 1.
61
Transcript, 93—94; “Weird Adventures of 200 Reporters at Tennessee Evolution Trial,”
Editor & Publisher,
18 July 1925, p. 1.
Transcript, 93—94; “Weird Adventures of 200 Reporters at Tennessee Evolution Trial,”
Editor & Publisher,
18 July 1925, p. 1.
62
Tracy, “Lawyers Out for Gore,” 1.
Tracy, “Lawyers Out for Gore,” 1.
63
Transcript, 97, 98, 102.
Transcript, 97, 98, 102.
64
Scopes, Center
of the
Storm, 124.
Scopes, Center
of the
Storm, 124.
1
Ralph Perry, “Defense Calls Dr. Metcalf,”
Nashville Banner,
16 July 1925, p. 6.
Ralph Perry, “Defense Calls Dr. Metcalf,”
Nashville Banner,
16 July 1925, p. 6.
2
John T. Scopes,
Center of the Storm: Memoirs of John T. Scopes
(New York: Holt, 1967), 138—39.
John T. Scopes,
Center of the Storm: Memoirs of John T. Scopes
(New York: Holt, 1967), 138—39.
3
“Schoolboy Testimony State’s Program Now,”
Chattanooga Times,
14 July 1925, p. 2.
“Schoolboy Testimony State’s Program Now,”
Chattanooga Times,
14 July 1925, p. 2.
4
Transcript, 112.
Transcript, 112.
5
Transcript, 113-16.
Transcript, 113-16.
6
Transcript, 113—15.
Transcript, 113—15.
7
Sterling Tracy, “Scientific Evidence, Issue in Scopes Case, Is Pondered by Court,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 16 July 1925, p. 1.
Sterling Tracy, “Scientific Evidence, Issue in Scopes Case, Is Pondered by Court,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 16 July 1925, p. 1.
8
H. L. Mencken, “The Monkey Trial: A Reporter’s Account,” in Jerry D. Tompkins, ed.,
D-Days at Dayton: Reflections on the Scopes
Trial (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1965), 44 (reprint of 14 July 1925 article).
H. L. Mencken, “The Monkey Trial: A Reporter’s Account,” in Jerry D. Tompkins, ed.,
D-Days at Dayton: Reflections on the Scopes
Trial (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1965), 44 (reprint of 14 July 1925 article).
9
Transcript, 121—22.
Transcript, 121—22.
10
Transcript, 127.
Transcript, 127.
11
Transcript, 129-31.
Transcript, 129-31.
12
Transcript, 133.
Transcript, 133.
13
Scopes,
Center of the Storm,
136, 188.
Scopes,
Center of the Storm,
136, 188.
14
Transcript, 138.
Transcript, 138.
15
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 45 (reprint of 7 July 1925 article).
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 45 (reprint of 7 July 1925 article).
16
Transcript, 139.
Transcript, 139.
17
“Darrow Puts First Scientist on Stand to Instruct Scopes Judge on Evolution; State Completes Its Case in One Hour,” New York Times, 16 July 1925, p. I.
“Darrow Puts First Scientist on Stand to Instruct Scopes Judge on Evolution; State Completes Its Case in One Hour,” New York Times, 16 July 1925, p. I.
18
Sterling Tracy, “Malone Wins Cheers from Dayton People on Answering Bryan,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 17 July 1925, p. 1.
Sterling Tracy, “Malone Wins Cheers from Dayton People on Answering Bryan,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 17 July 1925, p. 1.
19
Transcript, 153.
Transcript, 153.
20
Transcript, 156-60.
Transcript, 156-60.
21
Transcript, 163-64, 166-67, 169; “Prosecution Moves to Exclude Experts,”
Nashville Banner,
16 July 1925, p. 1.
Transcript, 163-64, 166-67, 169; “Prosecution Moves to Exclude Experts,”
Nashville Banner,
16 July 1925, p. 1.
22
Philip Kinsley, “They Call Us Bigots When We Refuse to Throw Away Our Bibles,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 17 July 1925, p. 1
(Chicago Tribune
wire story).
Philip Kinsley, “They Call Us Bigots When We Refuse to Throw Away Our Bibles,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 17 July 1925, p. 1
(Chicago Tribune
wire story).
23
Transcript, 170.
Transcript, 170.
24
Clarence Darrow,
The Story of My Life
(New York: Grosset, 1932), 263.
Clarence Darrow,
The Story of My Life
(New York: Grosset, 1932), 263.
25
Transcript, 170-80.
Transcript, 170-80.
26
Transcript, 180-82.
Transcript, 180-82.
27
Scopes,
Center of the Storm,
147-48.
Scopes,
Center of the Storm,
147-48.
28
Transcript, 184-88.
Transcript, 184-88.
29
Sterling Tracy, “Malone Wins Cheers from Dayton People on Answering Bryan,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 17 July 1925, p. 1; Arthur Garfield Hays, Let Freedom Ring (New York: Liveright, 1928), 65-66; John Washington Butler, “For Heaven’s Sake!”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 19 July 1925, p. 3; Scopes,
Center of the Storm,
154-56.
Sterling Tracy, “Malone Wins Cheers from Dayton People on Answering Bryan,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 17 July 1925, p. 1; Arthur Garfield Hays, Let Freedom Ring (New York: Liveright, 1928), 65-66; John Washington Butler, “For Heaven’s Sake!”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 19 July 1925, p. 3; Scopes,
Center of the Storm,
154-56.
30
Transcript, 190-99; Tracy, “Malone Wins Cheers,” 1.
Transcript, 190-99; Tracy, “Malone Wins Cheers,” 1.
31
Ralph Perry, “Eventful Hour of Scopes Trial,”
Nashville Banner,
17 July 1925, p. 1.
Ralph Perry, “Eventful Hour of Scopes Trial,”
Nashville Banner,
17 July 1925, p. 1.
32
“Bryan Defends Tennessee and Its Law; Calls Evolution Attack on Church; Spirited Debate on Expert Evidence,”
New York Times,
17 July 1925, p. 1.
“Bryan Defends Tennessee and Its Law; Calls Evolution Attack on Church; Spirited Debate on Expert Evidence,”
New York Times,
17 July 1925, p. 1.
33
Kinsley, “They Call Us Bigots,” 1.
Kinsley, “They Call Us Bigots,” 1.
34
Transcript, 185.
Transcript, 185.
35
Transcript, 201-3 (emphasis added); Scopes,
Center of the Storm,
158-59; “Judge Shatters the Scopes Defense by Barring Testimony of Scientists; Sharp Clashes as Darrow Defies the Court,”
New York Times,
18 July 1925, p. 1.
Transcript, 201-3 (emphasis added); Scopes,
Center of the Storm,
158-59; “Judge Shatters the Scopes Defense by Barring Testimony of Scientists; Sharp Clashes as Darrow Defies the Court,”
New York Times,
18 July 1925, p. 1.
36
Transcript, 204-9; Hays,
Let Freedom Ring,
67-68.
Transcript, 204-9; Hays,
Let Freedom Ring,
67-68.
37
Transcript, 207-9; Sterling Tracy, “Scientists Excluded, Darrow Spends a Day ‘Strafing’ the Judge,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 18 July 1925, p. 1.
Transcript, 207-9; Sterling Tracy, “Scientists Excluded, Darrow Spends a Day ‘Strafing’ the Judge,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 18 July 1925, p. 1.
38
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 50 (reprint of 18 July 1925 article).
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 50 (reprint of 18 July 1925 article).
39
“Weird Adventures of 200 Reporters at Tennessee Evolution Trial,”
Editor & Publisher,
18 July 1925, p. 1.
“Weird Adventures of 200 Reporters at Tennessee Evolution Trial,”
Editor & Publisher,
18 July 1925, p. 1.
40
“Mencken Epithets Raise Dayton’s Ire,”
New York Times,
17 July 1925, p. 3.
“Mencken Epithets Raise Dayton’s Ire,”
New York Times,
17 July 1925, p. 3.
41
Charles Francis Potter, “Ten Years After the Monkey Show I’m Going Back to Dayton,”
Liberty,
28 September 1935, p. 37.
Charles Francis Potter, “Ten Years After the Monkey Show I’m Going Back to Dayton,”
Liberty,
28 September 1935, p. 37.
42
Bill Perry, “Scopes Defense Facing Defeat,”
Nashville
Banner, 19 July 1925, p. 1.
Bill Perry, “Scopes Defense Facing Defeat,”
Nashville
Banner, 19 July 1925, p. 1.
43
“Defense Counsel at Work on Affidavits,”
Nashville Banner,
18 July 1925, p. 1; “Bryan’s Statement,” Commercial Appeal (Memphis), 19 July 1925, p. 1; John Herrick, “Bryan Stirs Up Animus Among Tennessee Folk,”
Chicago Tribune,
20 July I925, p. 4.
“Defense Counsel at Work on Affidavits,”
Nashville Banner,
18 July 1925, p. 1; “Bryan’s Statement,” Commercial Appeal (Memphis), 19 July 1925, p. 1; John Herrick, “Bryan Stirs Up Animus Among Tennessee Folk,”
Chicago Tribune,
20 July I925, p. 4.
44
“Offer of $10,000 to Start Bryan ‘University’ Opens Dayton Campaign for $1,000,000 Fund,”
New York Times,
17 July 1925, p. I.
“Offer of $10,000 to Start Bryan ‘University’ Opens Dayton Campaign for $1,000,000 Fund,”
New York Times,
17 July 1925, p. I.
45
“Darrow’s Statement,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 19 July 1925, p. 1; “Bryan and Darrow Wage War of Words in Trial Interlude,”
New York Times,
19 July 1925, p. 1; “Bryan Now Regrets Barring of Experts,”
New York Times,
18 July 1925, p. 2.
“Darrow’s Statement,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 19 July 1925, p. 1; “Bryan and Darrow Wage War of Words in Trial Interlude,”
New York Times,
19 July 1925, p. 1; “Bryan Now Regrets Barring of Experts,”
New York Times,
18 July 1925, p. 2.
46
Herrick, “Bryan Stirs Up Animus,” 1.
Herrick, “Bryan Stirs Up Animus,” 1.
47
“Defense Counsel Make Ready for Final Battle,”
Nashville Tennessean,
19 July 1925, p. 1.
“Defense Counsel Make Ready for Final Battle,”
Nashville Tennessean,
19 July 1925, p. 1.
48
Perry, “Scopes Defense Facing Defeat,” 1.
Perry, “Scopes Defense Facing Defeat,” 1.
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