Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion (52 page)
Authors: Edward J. Larson
BOOK: Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion
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33
“Billy Sunday Not to Go to Dayton,”
Nashville Banner,
7 July 1925, p. 9.
“Billy Sunday Not to Go to Dayton,”
Nashville Banner,
7 July 1925, p. 9.
34
Ronald L. Numbers, “Introduction,” in Ronald L. Numbers, ed.,
Creation-Evolution Debates
(New York: Garland, 1995), ix.
Ronald L. Numbers, “Introduction,” in Ronald L. Numbers, ed.,
Creation-Evolution Debates
(New York: Garland, 1995), ix.
35
W. J. Bryan to John Straton, 1 July 1925, in Bryan Papers.
W. J. Bryan to John Straton, 1 July 1925, in Bryan Papers.
36
“S. F. Debate on Evolution Ends in ‘Tie’,”
San Francisco
Examiner, 15 June 1925, p. 13.
“S. F. Debate on Evolution Ends in ‘Tie’,”
San Francisco
Examiner, 15 June 1925, p. 13.
37
“The San Francisco Debates on Evolution,” in Numbers, ed.,
Creation-Evolution Debates,
196, 289-90, 364.
“The San Francisco Debates on Evolution,” in Numbers, ed.,
Creation-Evolution Debates,
196, 289-90, 364.
38
George McCready Price to W. J. Bryan, 1 July 1925, in Bryan Papers.
George McCready Price to W. J. Bryan, 1 July 1925, in Bryan Papers.
39
W. J. Bryan to Dorothy MacIver James, 9 May 1925, in Bryan Papers.
W. J. Bryan to Dorothy MacIver James, 9 May 1925, in Bryan Papers.
40
“Daily Editorial Digest,”
Nashville Banner,
22 May 1925, p. 8; “Weird Adventures of 200 Reporters At Tennessee Evolution Trial,”
Editor & Publisher,
18 July 1925, p. 1.
“Daily Editorial Digest,”
Nashville Banner,
22 May 1925, p. 8; “Weird Adventures of 200 Reporters At Tennessee Evolution Trial,”
Editor & Publisher,
18 July 1925, p. 1.
41
Edward Caudill, “The Roots of Bias: An Empiricist Press and Coverage of the Scopes Trial,”
Journalism Monographs
114 (July 1989), 32
.
Edward Caudill, “The Roots of Bias: An Empiricist Press and Coverage of the Scopes Trial,”
Journalism Monographs
114 (July 1989), 32
.
42
“Novel View in Evolution Row,”
Chattanooga Times,
6 July 1925, p. 12.
“Novel View in Evolution Row,”
Chattanooga Times,
6 July 1925, p. 12.
43
T. W. Callaway, “One Evolutionist Out of Hundred,”
Chattanooga Times,
11 July 1925, p. 1.
T. W. Callaway, “One Evolutionist Out of Hundred,”
Chattanooga Times,
11 July 1925, p. 1.
44
Ira Hicks to Sue K. Hicks, n.d. [mid June 1925], in Hicks Papers.
Ira Hicks to Sue K. Hicks, n.d. [mid June 1925], in Hicks Papers.
45
“Baptist Editor Supports Bryan,”
Nashville Banner,
13 June 1925, p. 1.
“Baptist Editor Supports Bryan,”
Nashville Banner,
13 June 1925, p. 1.
46
“Evolution in the Public Schools,”
The Present Truth,
1 July 1925, p. 1.
“Evolution in the Public Schools,”
The Present Truth,
1 July 1925, p. 1.
47
“Dayton Keyed Up for Opening Today of Trial of Scopes,”
New York Times,
10 July 1925, p. I.
“Dayton Keyed Up for Opening Today of Trial of Scopes,”
New York Times,
10 July 1925, p. I.
48
Philip Kinsley, “Invoke Divine Guidance for Evolution Case,”
Chicago Tribune,
10 June 1925, p. I.
Philip Kinsley, “Invoke Divine Guidance for Evolution Case,”
Chicago Tribune,
10 June 1925, p. I.
49
“Anti-Evolution Leagues Form Over Country,”
Chattanooga Times,
2 July 1925, p. 1.
“Anti-Evolution Leagues Form Over Country,”
Chattanooga Times,
2 July 1925, p. 1.
50
“Bryan Discusses Tennessee Case,”
Nashville Banner,
2 June 1925, p. 3.
“Bryan Discusses Tennessee Case,”
Nashville Banner,
2 June 1925, p. 3.
51
“Bryan Calls Attention to Decision in Oregon,”
Chattanooga Times,
4 June 1925, p. 1.
“Bryan Calls Attention to Decision in Oregon,”
Chattanooga Times,
4 June 1925, p. 1.
52
“Modernist Fires Back at Commoner,”
Nashville Banner,
20 May 1925, p. I.
“Modernist Fires Back at Commoner,”
Nashville Banner,
20 May 1925, p. I.
53
“People Will Settle Question, Says Bryan,”
Chattanooga Times,
3 July 1925, p. 1.
“People Will Settle Question, Says Bryan,”
Chattanooga Times,
3 July 1925, p. 1.
54
“Bryan Gets the Jump on Defense Lawyers,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 9 July 1925, p. 1.
“Bryan Gets the Jump on Defense Lawyers,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 9 July 1925, p. 1.
55
W. J. Bryan to Sue K. Hicks, 28 May 1925, in Hicks Papers.
W. J. Bryan to Sue K. Hicks, 28 May 1925, in Hicks Papers.
56
Sue K. Hicks to Ira E. Hicks, 8 June 1925, in Hicks Papers.
Sue K. Hicks to Ira E. Hicks, 8 June 1925, in Hicks Papers.
57
Sue K. Hicks to Reese V. Hicks, 8 June 1925, in Hicks Papers.
Sue K. Hicks to Reese V. Hicks, 8 June 1925, in Hicks Papers.
58
Bryan to Hicks (emphasis in original).
Bryan to Hicks (emphasis in original).
59
“Bryan Outlines Issues,” p. 1.
“Bryan Outlines Issues,” p. 1.
60
Sue Hicks to Reese Hicks; Sue Hicks to Ira Hicks.
Sue Hicks to Reese Hicks; Sue Hicks to Ira Hicks.
61
W. J. Bryan to Dr. Howard A. Kelly, 17 June 1925, in Bryan Papers.
W. J. Bryan to Dr. Howard A. Kelly, 17 June 1925, in Bryan Papers.
62
Sue Hicks to Ira Hicks.
Sue Hicks to Ira Hicks.
63
Ira E. Hicks to Sue K. Hicks, 5 June 1925, in Hicks Papers; Sue K. Hicks to W. J. Bryan, 8 June 1925, in Hicks Papers.
Ira E. Hicks to Sue K. Hicks, 5 June 1925, in Hicks Papers; Sue K. Hicks to W. J. Bryan, 8 June 1925, in Hicks Papers.
64
W. J. Bryan to George McCready Price, 1 June 1925, in Bryan Papers.
W. J. Bryan to George McCready Price, 1 June 1925, in Bryan Papers.
65
George McCready Price to W. J. Bryan, 1 July 1925, in Bryan Papers.
George McCready Price to W. J. Bryan, 1 July 1925, in Bryan Papers.
66
Howard A. Kelly to W. J. Bryan, 15 June 1925, in Bryan Papers.
Howard A. Kelly to W. J. Bryan, 15 June 1925, in Bryan Papers.
67
W. J. Bryan to Howard A. Kelly, 22 June 1925, in Bryan Papers.
W. J. Bryan to Howard A. Kelly, 22 June 1925, in Bryan Papers.
68
W. J. Bryan to S. K. Hicks, 10 June 1925, in Hicks Papers.
W. J. Bryan to S. K. Hicks, 10 June 1925, in Hicks Papers.
69
Ibid.
Ibid.
70
Samuel Untermyer to W. J. Bryan, 25 June 1925, in Bryan Papers.
Samuel Untermyer to W. J. Bryan, 25 June 1925, in Bryan Papers.
71
Herbert E. Hicks and Sue K. Hicks to W. J. Bryan, 10 June 1925, in Hicks Papers; Herbert E. Hicks and Sue K. Hicks to W. J. Bryan, 13 June 1925, in Hicks Papers; W. J. Bryan to S. K. Hicks, 16 June 1926, in Hicks Papers; Ginger,
Six Days or Forever?
74-78.
Herbert E. Hicks and Sue K. Hicks to W. J. Bryan, 10 June 1925, in Hicks Papers; Herbert E. Hicks and Sue K. Hicks to W. J. Bryan, 13 June 1925, in Hicks Papers; W. J. Bryan to S. K. Hicks, 16 June 1926, in Hicks Papers; Ginger,
Six Days or Forever?
74-78.
72
Herbert E. Hicks and Sue K. Hicks to John T. Raulston, 1 July 1925, in Hicks Papers.
Herbert E. Hicks and Sue K. Hicks to John T. Raulston, 1 July 1925, in Hicks Papers.
73
“Give Up Schools Before Bible Is Peay’s Attitude,”
Nashville Tennessean,
27 June 1925, p. 1.
“Give Up Schools Before Bible Is Peay’s Attitude,”
Nashville Tennessean,
27 June 1925, p. 1.
74
“Dayton Trial Will Be Brief, Nashville Lawyer Predicts,”
Nashville Banner,
9 June 1925, p. 10.
“Dayton Trial Will Be Brief, Nashville Lawyer Predicts,”
Nashville Banner,
9 June 1925, p. 10.
75
W
. J.
B
ryan to W. B. Marr, 15 June 1925, in Darrow Papers.
W
. J.
B
ryan to W. B. Marr, 15 June 1925, in Darrow Papers.
76
“Stewart Predicts Act Will Stand Acid Test,”
Chattanooga Times,
11 June 1925, p. 2.
“Stewart Predicts Act Will Stand Acid Test,”
Chattanooga Times,
11 June 1925, p. 2.
77
“Scopes Counsel Expect Trial to Last Month,”
Nashville Tennessean,
23 June 1925, p. 1; Arthur Garfield Hays, “The Strategy of the Scopes Defense,”
The Nation,
5 August 1925, pp. 157-58.
“Scopes Counsel Expect Trial to Last Month,”
Nashville Tennessean,
23 June 1925, p. 1; Arthur Garfield Hays, “The Strategy of the Scopes Defense,”
The Nation,
5 August 1925, pp. 157-58.
78
“Witnesses for Defense at Dayton,”
Nashville Banner,
26 June 1925, p. 20.
“Witnesses for Defense at Dayton,”
Nashville Banner,
26 June 1925, p. 20.
79
Bryan, Seven Questions in Dispute, 154; “Bryan Discusses Evolution Case,”
Nashville Banner,
2 June 1925, p. 3; Transcript, 172.
Bryan, Seven Questions in Dispute, 154; “Bryan Discusses Evolution Case,”
Nashville Banner,
2 June 1925, p. 3; Transcript, 172.
80
“No Such Thing as Evolution, Bryan Declares,”
Chattanooga Times,
2 June 1925, p. 1.
“No Such Thing as Evolution, Bryan Declares,”
Chattanooga Times,
2 June 1925, p. 1.
81
W. J. Bryan to W. B. Riley, 27 March 1925, in Bryan Papers; Transcript, 230.
W. J. Bryan to W. B. Riley, 27 March 1925, in Bryan Papers; Transcript, 230.
82
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 40 (reprint of 13 July 1925 article).
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 40 (reprint of 13 July 1925 article).
83
John T. Scopes, The Center of the Storm: Memoirs
of John T. Scopes
(New York: Holt, 1967), 78.
John T. Scopes, The Center of the Storm: Memoirs
of John T. Scopes
(New York: Holt, 1967), 78.
84
Letter from
Sue K
. Hicks to W. J. Bryan, 23 June 1925, in Hicks Papers.
Letter from
Sue K
. Hicks to W. J. Bryan, 23 June 1925, in Hicks Papers.
85
“Darrow Declares He Is Always Seeking Truth,”
Knoxville Journal,
23 June 1925, p. 1; “Glut of Laws Threat Against All Freedom,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 24 June 1925, p. 1; “Scopes Dined Says Fight Is for Liberty,” p. 1; “Drab Views Bared Before Capacity Crowd in Speech,”
Knoxville
Journal, 24 June 1925, p. 1.
“Darrow Declares He Is Always Seeking Truth,”
Knoxville Journal,
23 June 1925, p. 1; “Glut of Laws Threat Against All Freedom,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 24 June 1925, p. 1; “Scopes Dined Says Fight Is for Liberty,” p. 1; “Drab Views Bared Before Capacity Crowd in Speech,”
Knoxville
Journal, 24 June 1925, p. 1.
86
Arthur Garfield Hays, City Lawyer (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1942), 212.
Arthur Garfield Hays, City Lawyer (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1942), 212.
87
Hicks to Bryan, 23 June 1925; “Drab Views Bared,” p. 1.
Hicks to Bryan, 23 June 1925; “Drab Views Bared,” p. 1.
88
James Gibson, “Evolution Stalks State Bar Meeting,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 17 June 1925, p. 1; “Keebler’s Attack on Legislation Is Not Sustained,”
Knoxville
Journal, 26 June 1925, p. 1.
James Gibson, “Evolution Stalks State Bar Meeting,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 17 June 1925, p. 1; “Keebler’s Attack on Legislation Is Not Sustained,”
Knoxville
Journal, 26 June 1925, p. 1.
89
“$10,000 Defense Fund Is Asked for Scopes; To Be Spent on Case in Lower Courts,”
New York Times,
22 June 1925, p. 1.
“$10,000 Defense Fund Is Asked for Scopes; To Be Spent on Case in Lower Courts,”
New York Times,
22 June 1925, p. 1.
90
“Anti-Evolution Act Invasion of Rights—Malone,”
Knoxville Journal,
28 June 1925, p. 1.
“Anti-Evolution Act Invasion of Rights—Malone,”
Knoxville Journal,
28 June 1925, p. 1.
91
“Scopes Counsel, Here, Plans for Evolution Case,”
Chicago Tribune,
30 June 1925, p. 6.
“Scopes Counsel, Here, Plans for Evolution Case,”
Chicago Tribune,
30 June 1925, p. 6.
92
“Scopes Trial Food for Thought, Colby,”
Knoxville Journal,
25 June 1925, p. I.
“Scopes Trial Food for Thought, Colby,”
Knoxville Journal,
25 June 1925, p. I.
93
“Rogers Sidesteps Evolution Trial,”
Nashville Banner,
31 May 1925, p. 1.
“Rogers Sidesteps Evolution Trial,”
Nashville Banner,
31 May 1925, p. 1.
94
“Scopes Trial Call Test Free Speech,”
Chattanooga Times,
25 June 1925, p. 5; “Malone Pays His Respects to W. J. Bryan,”
Chattanooga Times,
26 June 1925, p. 5; “Malone Says Constitution Facing Test,”
Chattanooga Times,
27 June 1925, p. 5; “Says Legislature Can’t Make Morals,”
Nashville Banner,
28 June 1925, p. 5.
“Scopes Trial Call Test Free Speech,”
Chattanooga Times,
25 June 1925, p. 5; “Malone Pays His Respects to W. J. Bryan,”
Chattanooga Times,
26 June 1925, p. 5; “Malone Says Constitution Facing Test,”
Chattanooga Times,
27 June 1925, p. 5; “Says Legislature Can’t Make Morals,”
Nashville Banner,
28 June 1925, p. 5.
95
W. B. Marr to Sue and Herbert Hicks, 10 June 1925, in Hicks Papers.
W. B. Marr to Sue and Herbert Hicks, 10 June 1925, in Hicks Papers.
96
“Dr. Neal Says Renaissance Now Dawning,”
Chattanooga Times,
30 June 1925, p. 1; “Scopes Dined Says Fight Is for Liberty,” p. 1.
“Dr. Neal Says Renaissance Now Dawning,”
Chattanooga Times,
30 June 1925, p. 1; “Scopes Dined Says Fight Is for Liberty,” p. 1.
97
“Scopes Attorney Fight Dayton Trial,”
New York Times,
4 July 1925, p. 2; “Federal Judge Refuses to Take Jurisdiction in Scopes Case; Trial Opens Friday in Dayton,”
Chattanooga Times,
7 July 1925, p. 1; Scopes,
Center of the Storm,
78-82.
“Scopes Attorney Fight Dayton Trial,”
New York Times,
4 July 1925, p. 2; “Federal Judge Refuses to Take Jurisdiction in Scopes Case; Trial Opens Friday in Dayton,”
Chattanooga Times,
7 July 1925, p. 1; Scopes,
Center of the Storm,
78-82.
98
“Federal Judge Refuses,” p. 1.
“Federal Judge Refuses,” p. 1.
99
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 44 (reprint Of 15 July 1925 article).
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 44 (reprint Of 15 July 1925 article).
100
“Broadcast of Scopes Trial Unprecedented,”
Chicago Tribune,
5 July 1925, sec. 7, p. 6; Philip Kinsley, “Dayton Raises Curtain Soon,”
Nashville Banner
, 5 July 1925, p. 6.
“Broadcast of Scopes Trial Unprecedented,”
Chicago Tribune,
5 July 1925, sec. 7, p. 6; Philip Kinsley, “Dayton Raises Curtain Soon,”
Nashville Banner
, 5 July 1925, p. 6.
101
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 43 (reprint Of 15 July 1925 article). Mason’s activities in Tennessee were discussed in Joe Maxwell, “Building the Church (of God in Christ),”
Christianity
Today, 8 April 1996, p. 25.
Mencken, “Monkey Trial,” 43 (reprint Of 15 July 1925 article). Mason’s activities in Tennessee were discussed in Joe Maxwell, “Building the Church (of God in Christ),”
Christianity
Today, 8 April 1996, p. 25.
102
“Dayton Keyed Up for Opening Today of Trial of Scopes,”
New York Times,
10 July 1925, p. I.
“Dayton Keyed Up for Opening Today of Trial of Scopes,”
New York Times,
10 July 1925, p. I.
103
T. W. Callaway, “Dayton Bootblack Gives Preacher His Definition of Fundamentalism,”
Chattanooga
Times, 8 July 1925, p. 1.
T. W. Callaway, “Dayton Bootblack Gives Preacher His Definition of Fundamentalism,”
Chattanooga
Times, 8 July 1925, p. 1.
104
“Dayton Cheers the Commoner,”
Chattanooga
Times, 8 July 1925, p. 1.
“Dayton Cheers the Commoner,”
Chattanooga
Times, 8 July 1925, p. 1.
105
“Bryan in Dayton, Calls Scopes Trial Duel to the Death,” New York Times, 8 June 1925, p. 1.
“Bryan in Dayton, Calls Scopes Trial Duel to the Death,” New York Times, 8 June 1925, p. 1.
106
“Visitors Come on Every Train,”
Nashville Banner,
9 July 1925, p. 3.
“Visitors Come on Every Train,”
Nashville Banner,
9 July 1925, p. 3.
107
W. C. Cross, “Bryan, Noted Orator, in Favor at Dayton,”
Knoxville Journal,
10 July 1925, p. 1.
W. C. Cross, “Bryan, Noted Orator, in Favor at Dayton,”
Knoxville Journal,
10 July 1925, p. 1.
108
“Bryan Threatens National Campaign to Bar Evolution,”
New York Times,
8 July 1925, p. 1.
“Bryan Threatens National Campaign to Bar Evolution,”
New York Times,
8 July 1925, p. 1.
109
Philip Kinsley, “Bryan Gets Jump on Defense Lawyers,”
Commercial Appeal,
9 July 1925, p. 1.
Philip Kinsley, “Bryan Gets Jump on Defense Lawyers,”
Commercial Appeal,
9 July 1925, p. 1.
110
Transcript, 159.
Transcript, 159.
111
“Malone Glad Trial Starts on a Friday,”
Chattanooga Times,
10 July 1925, p. 2.
“Malone Glad Trial Starts on a Friday,”
Chattanooga Times,
10 July 1925, p. 2.
112
Ibid.; Charles Francis Potter, “Ten Years After the Monkey Show I’m Going Back to Dayton,”
Liberty,
28 September 1935, p. 36.
Ibid.; Charles Francis Potter, “Ten Years After the Monkey Show I’m Going Back to Dayton,”
Liberty,
28 September 1935, p. 36.
113
Clarence Darrow,
The Story of My Life
(New York: Grosset, 1932), 251.
Clarence Darrow,
The Story of My Life
(New York: Grosset, 1932), 251.
114
“Darrow Loud in His Protest,”
Nashville Banner,
8 July 1925, p. 1.
“Darrow Loud in His Protest,”
Nashville Banner,
8 July 1925, p. 1.
115
“Dayton Keyed Up,” p. 1; Philip Kinsley, “Invoke Divine Guidance for Evolution Case,”
Chattanooga Times,
10 July 1925, p. 1.
“Dayton Keyed Up,” p. 1; Philip Kinsley, “Invoke Divine Guidance for Evolution Case,”
Chattanooga Times,
10 July 1925, p. 1.
1
Sterling Tracy, “No Modernists Named on the Scopes Jury; All Believe in Bible,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 11 July 1925, p. 1.
Sterling Tracy, “No Modernists Named on the Scopes Jury; All Believe in Bible,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 11 July 1925, p. 1.
2
“Scopes Jury Chosen with Dramatic Speed,”
New York Times,
II July 1925, p. 1.
“Scopes Jury Chosen with Dramatic Speed,”
New York Times,
II July 1925, p. 1.
3
“Dayton Disappointed,”
Chattanooga Times,
11 July 1925, p. 1.
“Dayton Disappointed,”
Chattanooga Times,
11 July 1925, p. 1.
4
Clarence Darrow,
The Story of My Life
(New York: Grosset, 1932), 256.
Clarence Darrow,
The Story of My Life
(New York: Grosset, 1932), 256.
5
Arthur Garfield Hays,
Let Freedom Ring
(New York: Liveright, 1928), 34.
Arthur Garfield Hays,
Let Freedom Ring
(New York: Liveright, 1928), 34.
6
“Scopes Jury Chosen with Dramatic Speed,” 1.
“Scopes Jury Chosen with Dramatic Speed,” 1.
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