Our Bodies, Ourselves (185 page)

26
. J. K. Gupta and G. J. Hofmeyr, “Position for Women During Second Stage of Labour,” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2004, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub med/14973930.

27
. L. L. Albers and N. Borders, “Minimizing Genital Tract Trauma and Related Pain Following Spontaneous Vaginal Birth,”
Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
52, no. 3 (2007): 246–53.

28
. J. S. Mercer et al., “Evidence-Based Practices for the Fetal to Newborn Transition,”
Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
52, no. 3 (2007): 262–72.

29
. Ibid.

30
. Elizabeth Davis and Debra Pascali-Bonaro,
Orgasmic Birth: Your Guide to a Safe, Satisfying, and Pleasurable Birth Experience
(Emmaus, PA: Rodale, 2010).

1
. Eugene R. Declercq et al., “New Mothers Speak Out: National Survey Results Highlight Women's Post-partum Experiences,” Childbirth Connection, child birthconnection.org/pdf.asp? PDFDownload=new-mothers-speak-out.

2
. L. Righard, and M. O. Alade, “Effect of Delivery Room Routines on Success of First Breast-Feed,”
Lancet
336, no. 8723 (1990): 1105–7.

3
. J. E. Swain et al., “Maternal Brain Response to Own Baby-Cry Is Affected by Cesarean Section Delivery,”
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
49, no. 10 (2008): 1042–52.

4
. E. Moore, G. Anderson, and N. Bergman, “Early Skin-to-Skin Contact for Mothers and Their Healthy Newborn Infants,” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2007,
www2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab003519.html
.

5
. D. Campbell et al., “Female Relatives or Friends Trained as Labor Doulas: Outcomes at 6 to 8 Weeks Postpartum,”
Birth
34, no. 3 (2007): 220–27.

6
. Peter S. Blair, Peter J. Fleming, Iain J. Smith, Martin Ward Platt, Jeanine Young, et al., “Babies Sleeping with Parents: Case-Control Study of Factors Influencing the Risk of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome,”
British Medical Journal
319 (December 1999): 1457–62; J. J. McKenna and T. McDade, “Why Babies Should
Never Sleep Alone: A Review of the Co-sleeping Controversy in Relation to SIDS, Bedsharing, and Breast-feeding,”
Pediatric Respiratory Reviews
6 (2005): 134–52.

7
. McKenna and McDade, “Why Babies Should Never Sleep Alone: A Review of the Co-sleeping Controversy in Relation to SIDS, Bedsharing, and Breastfeeding.” For more information on bedsharing, see policy statement, American Academy of Pediatrics, Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, “The Changing Concept of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Diagnostic Coding Shifts, Controversies Regarding the Sleeping Environment, and New Variables to Consider in Reducing Risk,”
Pediatrics
116, no. 5 (2005): 1245–55; “Safe Co-Sleeping Habits,” askdrsears.com/html/7/T070600.asp.

8
. J. J. McKenna, “Scientific Studies of Mother-Infant Cosleeping with Breastfeeding: The Importance of the Mother-Infant Dyad and How and Why Things Can Go Wrong,” Lamaze International Annual Conference, Phoenix, AZ, 2008.

9
. S. Ip et al.,
Breastfeeding and Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes in Developed Countries
, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, April 2007, ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/evidence/pdf/brfont/brfont.pdf.

10
. L. M. Gartner et al., “Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk,”
Pediatrics
115, no. 2 (2005): 496–506.

11
. Ip et al.,
Breastfeeding and Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes.

12
. Ibid.

13
. S. D. Colson et al., “Optimal Positions for the Release of Primitive Neonatal Reflexes Stimulating Breastfeeding,”
Early Human Development
87, no. 7 (2008): 441–49.

14
. Jatinder Bhatia, Frank Greer, and the Committee on Nutrition, “Use of Soy Protein–Based Formulas in Infant Feeding,”
Pediatrics
121, no. 5 (May 2008): 1062–68.

15
. S. E. Hoffbrand, L. Howard, and H. Crawley, “Antidepressant Treatment for Post-natal Depression,” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2001,
www2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab002018.html
.

1
. Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen et al., “Maternal Age and Fetal Loss: Population Based Register Linkage Study,”
British Medical Journal
320 (2000): 1708.

2
. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, “Bleeding During Pregnancy,” November 2008, acog.org/publications/patient_education/bp038.cfm.

3
. J. Zhang et al., “A Comparison of Medical Management with Misoprostol and Surgical Management for Early Pregnancy Failure,”
New England Journal of Medicine
353 (2005): 761–69.

4
. Nybo Andersen et al., “Maternal Age and Fetal Loss.”

5
. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, “Early Pregnancy Loss: Miscarriage and Molar Pregnancy,” May 2002, acog.org/publications/patient_education/bp090.cfm.

6
. Pamela Prindle Fierro, “Vanishing Twin Syndrome,” April 2006, od/twinpregnancyfaq/f/pregnancyfaq_ehtm.

7
. Marian MacDorman and Sharon Kiremeyer, “Fetal and Perinatal Mortality, United States, 2005,” National Vital Statistics Reports, January 2009, cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_08.pdf.

8
. Ibid.

9
. Nybo Andersen et al., “Maternal Age and Fetal Loss.”

10
. March of Dimes, “Stillbirth,” 2010, marchofdimes.com/Baby/loss_stillbirth.html.

11
. MacDorman and Kiremeyer, “Fetal and Perinatal Mortality, United States, 2005.”

12
. CDC, “Recent Trends in Infant Mortality in the United States,” October 2008, cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db09.htm.

13
. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “Child Health USA 2008–2009: Very Low Birth Weight,” mchb.hrsa.gov/chusa08/hstat/hsi/pages/203vlbw.html.

1
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Fertility, Family Planning, and Reproductive Health of U.S. Women: Data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth,” December 2005, cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_23/_23_025.pdf.

2
. CDC, Infertility FAQs, cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/infertility.index.htm.

3
. Kaiser Family Foundation, Mandated Coverage of Infertility Treatment, January 2010, statehealthfacts.org/comparetable.jsp?ind=6868.cat=7.

4
. CDC, “Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART),” cdc.gov/ART/index.htm.

5
. CDC, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, and Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology,
2008 Assisted Reproductive Technology Success Rates: National Summary and Fertility Clinic Reports
, December 2010, cdc.gov/ART/ART2008/PDF/ART_2008_Full.pdf.

6
. D. J. McLernon et al., “Clinical Effectiveness of Elective Single Versus Double Embryo Transfer: Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data from Randomised Trials,”
British Medical Journal
341 (December 21, 2010): c6945.

7
. Debora L. Spar,
The Baby Business: How Money, Science, and Politics Drive the Commerce of Conception
(Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006).

8
. Jessica Arons, “Future Choices: Assisted Reproductive Technologies and the Law,” Center for American Progress, December 17, 2007, americanprogress.org/issues/2007/12/future_choices.html.

9
. CDC, “Assisted Reproductive Technology Surveillance—United States, 2006,” June 12, 2009, cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss5805.pdf.

10
. Technology Marketing Corporation, “U.S. ‘Baby Business' (Infertility Services) Worth $4 Billion,” August 17, 2009, tmcnet.com/usubmit/2009/08/17/4326513.htm.

1
. “SWAN Highlights,” April 25, 2003, swanstudy.org/docs/SWAN_Highlights.pdf.

2
. J. Prior, “Clearing Confusion About Perimenopause,”
British Columbia Medical Journal
47, no. 10 (2005): 534–38.

3
. Dr. Jerilynn Prior, personal communication.

4
. J. Prior and C. Hitchcock, “The Endocrinology of Perimenopause: Need for a Paradigm Shift,”
Frontiers in Bioscience
3 (January 1, 2011): 474–86. See also K. O'Connor et al., “Total and Unopposed Estrogen Exposure Across Stages of the Transition to Menopause,”
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
18, no. 3 (March 2009): 828–36.

5
. Dr. Jerilynn Prior, personal communication.

6
. See, for example, a study from the University of California at San Francisco published in the July 12
Archives of Internal Medicine.
Led by Deborah Grady, M.D., the study was ancillary to the Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise (PRIDE), a randomized, controlled trial, news.ucsf.edu/releases/weight-loss-reduces-hot-flashes-in-overweight-and-obese-women.

7
. Jerilynn Prior, “Progesterone Therapy for Symptomatic Perimenopause,” cemcor.ubc.ca/files/uploads/Progesterone_for_Symptomatic_Perimenopause.pdf.

8
. Deborah Grady, “Management of Menopausal Symptoms,”
New England Journal of Medicine
355 (November 30, 2006): 2338–47, nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJ Mcp054015.

9
. See, for example, D. R. Pachman, J. M. Jones, and C. L. Loprinzi, “Management of Menopause-Associated Vasomotor Symptoms: Current Treatment Options, Challenges and Future Directions,”
International Journal of Women's Health
2 (August 9, 2010): 123–35; D. R. Pachman et al., “Pilot Evaluation of a Stellate Ganglion Block for the Treatment of Hot Flashes,”
Supportive Care in Cancer
, May 23, 2009; E. G. Lipov et al., “A Unifying Theory Linking the Prolonged Efficacy of the Stellate Ganglion Block for the Treatment of Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), Hot Flashes, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD),”
Medical Hypotheses
72, no. 6 (June 2009): 647–61.

10
. N. S. Gooneratne, “Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Sleep Disturbances in Older Adults,”
Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
24, vol. 1 (2009): 121–38.

11
. P. Schüssler et al., “Progesterone Reduces Wakefulness in Sleep EEG and Has No Effect on Cognition in Healthy Postmenopausal Women,”
Psychoneuroendocrinology
33, no. 8 (September 2008): 1124–31, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18676087.

12
. See, for example, T. Hillard, “The Postmenopausal Bladder,”
Menopause International
16, no. 2 (June 2010): 74–80; A. A. Ewies and F. Alfhaily, “Topical Vaginal Estrogen Therapy in Managing Postmenopausal Urinary Symptoms: A Reality or a Gimmick?”
Climacteric
13, no. 5 (October 2010): 405–18; I. Goldstein, “Recognizing and Treating Urogenital Atrophy in Postmenopausal Women,”
Women's Health
19, no. 3 (March 2010): 425–32.

13
. Cynthia Gomey, “The Estrogen Dilemma,”
New York Times Magazine
, April 14, 2010, nytimes.com/2010/04/18/magazine/18estrogen-t.html.

14
. R. J. Rodabough et al., “Prevalence and 3-year Incidence of Abuse Among Postmenopausal Women,”
American Journal of Public Health
94, no. 4 (April 2004): 605–12.

15
. Jerilynn Prior, “Ovarian Hormone Therapy for Women with Early Menopause,” December 6, 2007, cemcor.ubc.ca/help_yourself/articles/oht_early_menopause.

16
. Suzanne Oparil, “Hormone Therapy of Premature Ovarian Failure: The Case for “Natural” Estrogen,”
Hypertension
53 (2009): 745–46, hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/53/5/745.

17
. See, for example, C. Zhang et al., “Abdominal Obesity and the Risk of All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality: Sixteen Years of Follow-Up in US Women,”
Circulation
117, no. 13 (April 1, 2008): 1658–67; see also D. Canoy et al., “Body Fat Distribution and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Study,”
Circulation
116, no. 25 (December 18, 2007): 2933–43.

18
. Mayo Clinic, “Osteoporosis: Risk Factors,” November 20, 2010, mayoclinic.com/health/osteoporosis/DS00 128/DSECTION=risk-factors.

19
. M. Audran and K. Briot, “Critical Reappraisal of Vitamin D Deficiency,”
Joint Bone Spine
77, no. 2 (2010): 115–19, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20097593.

20
. L. J. Dominguez, R. Scalisi, and M. Barbagallo, “Therapeutic Options in Osteoporosis,”
Acta Bio Medica
81, suppl. 1 (2010): 55–65, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20518192; Byori Rinsho and N. Tsugawa, “Vitamin D and Osteoporosis: Current Topics from Epidemiological Studies,” ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed? term=20408443; J. E. Isenor and M. H. Ensom, “Is There a Role for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vitamin D Level as a Surrogate Marker for Fracture Risk?”
Pharmacotherapy
30, no. 3 (2010): 254–64, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=20180609.

21
. E. S. MacKinnon et al., “Supplementation with the Antioxidant Lycopene Significantly Decreases Oxidative Stress Parameters and the Bone Resorption Marker N-telopeptide of Type I Collagen in Post-menopausal Women,”
Osteoporosis International
22, no. 4 (2011): 1091–1101, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20552330.

22
. B. Mintzes, “For and Against: Direct to Consumer Advertising Is Medicalising Normal Human Experience: For,”
British Medical Journal
324, no. 7342 (2002): 908–9.