Our Bodies, Ourselves (183 page)

1
. H. Weinstock, S. Berman, and W. Cates Jr., “Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among American Youth: Incidence and Prevalence Estimates, 2000,”
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
36, no. 1 (2004): 6–10.

2
. Forhan, “Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Female Adolescents.”

3
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Trends in Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the United States:
2009 National Data for Gonorrhea, Chlamydia and Syphilis,” cdc.gov/std/stats09/trends.htm.

4
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2009,” cdc.gov/STD/stats09/default.htm.

5
. CDC, “Trends in Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the United States: 2009,” p. 9.

6
. World Health Organization, “HIV/AIDS: Some Questions and Answers,” p. 10, searo.who.int/en/Section10/Section18/Section2011.htm.

7
. CDC, “Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2009.”

8
. Ibid.

9
. Matthew Hogben and Jami S. Leichliter, “Social Determinants and Sexually Transmitted Disease Disparities,”
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
35, issue 12 (December 2008): S13–18.

10
. Centers for Disease Control, “Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2006. Special Populations: Women Who Have Sex with Women,” cdc.gov/std/treatment/2006/specialpops.htm#specialpops5.

11
. Margaret Brady, “Female Genital Mutilation: Complications and Risk of HIV Transmission,”
AIDS Patient Care and STDs
13, no. 12 (1999): 709–16.

12
. Personal correspondence with Our Bodies Ourselves, November 19, 2010.

13
. CDC, “Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2009.”

14
. Robert E. Fullilove, Adaora Adimora, and Peter Leone, “An Epidemic No One Wants to Talk About,”
Washington Post
, March 21, 2008, washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/20/AR2008032003019_pf.html.

15
. Ibid.

16
. American Social Health Association, press release, January 13, 2009, ashastd.org/news/news_pressreleases_CDCsurveillancereport.cfm.

17
. “HIV Infection Among Injection-Drug Users—34 States, 2004–2007,” from CDC, in
Journal of the American Medical Association
303, no. 2 (2010): 126–28.

18
. For a review of forty-two studies on needle exchange, see David R. Gibson, Neil M. Flynn, and Daniel Perales, “Effectiveness of Syringe Exchange Programs in Reducing HIV Risk Behavior and HIV Seroconversion Among Injecting Drug Users,”
AIDS
15, issue 11 (2001): 1329–41.

19
. ACE,
Breaking the Walls of Silence: AIDS and Women in a New York State Maximum-Security Prison
(New York: Overlook Press, 1998).

20
. Donald Wright, “Progress Review: Sexually Transmitted Diseases,” Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 2008.

21
. CDC, “Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2006,” cdc.gov/std/treatment/2006/.

22
. Ibid.

23
. Ibid.

24
. Ibid.

25
. CDC, “Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2009,” p. 34.

26
. CDC, “Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2006.”

27
. CDC, “Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2009.”

28
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “STD Facts: Gonorrhea,” cdc.gov/std/Gonorrhea/STDFact-gonorrhea.htm.

29
. Ibid.

30
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Trends in Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the United States: 2009 National Data for Gonorrhea, Chlamydia and Syphilis,” p. 40, cdc.gov/std/stats09/trends.htm.

31
. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Screening for Syphilis Infection: Recommendation Statement, July 2004, uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/3rduspstf/syphilis/syphilrs.htm.

32
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “STD Facts: Trichomoniasis,” cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/STDFact-Trichomoniasis.htm.

33
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “STD Facts: Human Papillomavirus,” cdc.gov/std/HPV/STDFact-HPV.htm.

34
. American Social Health Association, “Learn About HPV: Fast Facts,” ashastd.org/hpv/hpv_learn_fastfacts.cfm.

35
. American Association of Clinical Chemistry, “Lab Tests Online: HPV,” labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/hpv/test.html.

36
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Hepatitis B FAQs for Health Professionals,” cdc.gov/hepatitis/HBV/HBVfaq.htm#overview.

37
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Hepatitis B FAQs for the Public,” cdc.gov/hepatitis/B/bFAQ.htm#overview.

38
. Ibid.

39
. Ibid.

40
. H. I. Hall et al., “Estimation of HIV Incidence in the U.S.,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
300 (2008): 520–29.

41
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Self-Rated Health Status Among Adults with and Without Disabilities—United States, 2004–2006,”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
57, no. 39 (October 3, 2008): 1069–73, cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5739.pdf.

42
. Ibid.

43
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “HIV Among African Americans,” cdc.gov/hiv/topics/aa/index.htm.

44
. D. J. Jamieson, “Cesarean Delivery for HIV-Infected Women: Recommendations and Controversies,”
American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
173 (September 1973): S96–100.

45
. Robert M. Grant et al., “Preexposure Chemoprophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Men Who Have Sex with Men,”
New England Journal of Medicine
363 (2010): 2587–99.

46
. “Health Benefits of Breastfeeding in Children Born to HIV-Infected Mothers,” in
HIV Transmission Through Breastfeeding: A Review of Available Evidence
, 2007 update, p. 21, whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241596596_eng.pdf.

47
. K. Kayitenkore et al., “The Impact of ART on HIV Transmission Among HIV Serodiscordant Couples,” program and abstracts of the XVI International AIDS Conference, 2006, Abstract MOKC101.

48
. Department of Health and Human Services, AIDS Adult and Adolescent Treatment Guidelines, AIDS info.nih.gov/Guidelines.

49
. R. Palmer, “Use of Complementary Therapies to Treat Patients with HIV/AIDS,”
Nursing Standard
22, no. 50 (2008): 35–41.

50
. AIDS Care Project, part of Pathways to Wellness, is a public-health clinic for complementary therapies and HIV, pathwaysboston.org/specialty/aidscare.html.

51
. M. Campsmith, P. Rhodes, and H. I Hall, “Estimated Prevalence of Undiagnosed HIV Infection: United States at the End of 2006,” program and abstracts of the 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 2009, Abstract 1036.

1
. The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, “Fast Facts: Unplanned Pregnancy: Key Data,” May 2008, thenationalcampaign.org/resources/pdf/fast-facts-unplanned-key-data.pdf.

2
. Lawrence B. Finer, “Unintended Pregnancy Among U.S. Adolescents: Accounting for Sexual Activity,”
Journal of Adolescent Health
47, no. 3 (2010): 312–14.

3
. Guttmacher Institute, “An Overview of Abortions in the United States,” January 2011, guttmacher.org/presentations/abort_slides.pdf.

4
. National Women's Law Center, “When Girls Don't Graduate We All Fail: A Call to Improve High School Graduation Rates for Girls,” 2007, accessed December 12, 2010.

5
. Ibid.

6
. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Administration for Children & Families, Child Welfare Information Gateway, “Foster Care Statistics,” child welfare.gov/pubs/factsheets/foster.htm.

7
. Ibid.

1
. L. B. Finer et al., “Disparities in Rates of Unintended Pregnancy in the United States, 1994 and 2001,”
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
33, no. 2 (2006): 90–96.

2
. K. Pazol et al., “Abortion Surveillance—United States, 2006,”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
58, (November 27, 2009): 1–35, cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mm wrhtml/ss5808a1.htm?s_cid=ss5808a1_e.

3
. R. K. Jones and K. Kooistra, “Abortion Incidence and Access to Services in the United States, 2008,”
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
43, no. 1 (2011): 41–50.

4
. Ibid.

5
. Rachel K. Jones, Lawrence B. Finer, and Susheela Singh, “Characteristics of U.S. Abortion Patients, 2008,” May 2010, guttmacher.org/pubs/US-Abortion-Patients.pdf.

6
. Lawrence B. Finer et al., “Reasons U.S. Women Have Abortions: Quantitative and Qualitative Perspectives,”
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
37, no. 3 (2005): 110–18, guttmacher.org/pubs/psrhfull/3711005.pdf.

7
. Jones and Kooistra, “Abortion Incidence and Access to Services in the United States, 2008.”

8
. Ibid.

9
. National Cancer Institute, “Summary Report: Early Reproductive Events and Breast Cancer Workshop,” March 4, 2003, cancer.gov/cancerinfor/ere-workshop-report.

10
. G. E. Robinson et al., “Is There an ‘Abortion Trauma Syndrome'? Critiquing the Evidence,”
Harvard Review of Psychiatry
17, no. 4 (2009): 268–90.

11
. Brenda Major et al., “Psychological Responses of Women After First-Trimester Abortion,”
Archives of General
Psychiatry 57 (2000): 777–84.

12
. APA Task Force on Mental Health and Abortion,
Report of the APA Task Force on Mental Health and Abortion
(Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2008).

13
. Guttmacher Institute, “State Policies in Brief: An Overview of Minors' Consent Law,” guttmacher.org/statecenter/spibs/spib_OMCL.pdf.

14
. S. K. Henshaw and K. Kost, “Parental Involvement in Minors' Abortion Decision,”
Family Planning Perspectives
, 24, no. 5 (1992): 196–207, 213.

15
. Picker Institute,
From the Patient's Perspective: Quality of Abortion Care
(Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation, 1999).

16
. Pazol et al., “Abortion Surveillance—United States, 2006.”

17
. L. B. Finer and J. Wei, “Effect of Mifepristone on Abortion Access in the United States,”
Obstetrics & Gynecology
114, no. 3 (2009): 623–30.

18
. Rachel K. Jones et al., “Abortion in the United States: Incidence and Access to Services, 2005,” guttmacher.org/pubs/psrh/full/4000608.pdf.

19
. Finer and Wei, “Effect of Mifepristone on Abortion Access in the United States.”

20
. E. Abdel-Aziz, I. M. Hassan, and H. Al-Taher, “Assessment of Women's Satisfaction with Medical Termination of Pregnancy,”
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
24, no. 4 (2004): 429–33; Christina Rørbye, Mogens Nørgaard, and Lisbeth Nilas, “Medical Versus Surgical Abortion: Comparing Satisfaction and Potential Confounders in a Partly Randomized Study,”
Human Reproduction
20, no. 3 (2005): 834–38.

21
. S. K. Henshaw, “Unintended Pregnancy and Abortion: A Public Health Perspective,” in
A Clinician's Guide to Medical and Surgical Abortion
, ed. M. Paul et al. (New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1999), pp. 11–22.

22
. Ibid.

23
. Pazol et al., “Abortion Surveillance—United States, 2006.”

24
. L. B. Finer et al., “Timing of Steps and Reasons for Delays in Obtaining Abortions in the United States,”
Contraception
74, no. 4 (2006): 334–44.

25
. E. S. Lichtenberg and D. A. Grimes, “Surgical Complications: Prevention and Management,” in
Management of Unintended and Abnormal Pregnancy: Comprehensive Abortion Care
, ed. M. Paul et al. (West Sussex, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing, 2009), pp. 224–51.

26
. Leslie Reagan,
When Abortion Was a Crime: Women, Medicine and Law in the United States, 1897–1973
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), pp. 11–12.

27
. J. C. Mohr,
Abortion in America: The Origins and Evolution of National Policy, 1800–1900
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1978).

28
. Carole E. Joffe,
Doctors of Conscience: The Struggle to Provide Abortion Before and After
Roe v. Wade (Boston: Beacon Press, 1996).

29
. “Jane,” “Just Call Jane,” in
From Abortion to Reproductive Freedom: Transforming a Movement
, ed. Marlene Gerber Fried (Boston: South End Press, 1990), p. 100.

30
. D. Kacanek et al., “Medicaid Funding for Abortion: Providers' Experiences with Cases Involving Rape, Incest and Life Endangerment,”
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
42, no. 2 (2010): 79–86.

31
. Adam Sonfield, Casey Alrich, and Rachel Benson Gold, “Public Funding for Family Planning, Sterilization and Abortion Services, FY 1980–2006,” January 2008, guttmacher.org/pubs/2008/01/28/or38.pdf.

32
. Shawn Towey, Stephanie Poggi, and Rachael Roth, “Abortion Funding: A Matter of Justice,” National Network of Abortion Funds, ibisreproductivehealth.org/downloads/NNAF_Policy_Report.pdf.