Our Bodies, Ourselves (180 page)

18
. Marco Roso and Katerina Llanes, “The W4W Buzz,”
Dis
magazine, October, 2010, dismagazine.com/dysmorphia/beauty/10144/the-w4w-buzz/.

19
. Lisa Wade, “Revisioning Aspirational Hair,”
Sociological Images
, November 18, 2010, thesocietypages.org/socimages/2010/11/18/revisioning-aspirational-hair/.

20
. PR Newswire, “Toxic Chemicals in Cosmetics: New Bill Reforms Personal Care Products Law,” July 21, 2010, prnewswire.com/news-releases/toxic-chemicals-in-cosmetics-new-bill-reforms-personal-care-products-law-98936514.html.

21
. Susan Salisbury, “Safety of Chemical-Laden Grooming Items Uncertain,”
Palm Beach Post News
, July 30, 2010, palmbeachpost.com/money/safety-of-chemical-laden-grooming-items-uncertain-832902.html.

22
. Ibid.

23
. Brian Walsh, “Cracking Down on Toxic Makeup,”
Time
, July 21, 2010, ecocentric.blogs.time.com/2010/07/21/cracking-down-on-toxic-makeup/.

24
. D. Lazovich et al., “Indoor Tanning and Risk of Melanoma: A Case-Control Study in a Highly Exposed Population,”
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
, May 26, 2010.

25
. C. Mosher and S. Danoff-Burg, “Addiction to Indoor Tanning,”
Archives of Dermatology
146, no. 4 (2010): 412–17.

26
. My New Pink Button, 2010, mynewpinkbutton.com.

27
. American Society of Plastic Surgeons, “Report of the 2010 Plastic Surgery Statistics,” plasticsurgery.org/Documents/Media/2010-Statistics/ASPS_2010_Plastic_Surgery_Statistics_20711.pdf.

28
. Ibid.

29
. Ibid.

30
. Food and Drug Administration, FDA Approved Labeling Text—Botox, 2010, fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/UCM176360.pdf.

31
. Catherine Saint Louis, “This Teenage Girl Uses Botox. No, She's Not Alone,”
New York Times
, August 11, 2010, nytimes.com/2010/08/12/fashion/12SKIN.html.

32
. Natasha Singer, “Is the Mom Job Really Necessary?”
New York Times
, October 4, 2007, nytimes.com/2007/10/04/fashion/04skin.html?_r=4&oref=slogin&page wanted=all.

33
. Ed Diener, Brian Wolsic, and Frank Fujita, “Physical Attractiveness and Subjective Well-Being,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
69, no. 11 (July 1995): 120–29.

34
. D. Zuckerman, “Reasonably Safe?”
Reproductive Health Matters
18, no. 35 (2010): 94–102.

35
. Ruth Brandon,
Ugly Beauty: Helena Rubinstein, L'Oréal, and the Blemished History of Looking Good
(New York: HarperCollins, 2011), p. 229.

36
. Ibid., 377–78.

37
. M. Milkie, “Social Comparisons, Reflected Appraisals, and Mass Media: The Impact of Pervasive Beauty Images on Black and White Girls' Self-Concepts,”
Social Psychology Quarterly
62 (1999): 190–210.

38
. Vanessa R. Shick, Brandi N. Rima, and Sarah K. Calabrese, “Evulvalution: The Portrayal of Women's External Genitalia and Physique Across Time and the Current Barbie Doll Ideals,”
Journal of Sex Research
, November 11, 2009.

39
. J. Gohmann, “The Vagina Dialogues,”
Bust
magazine, June/July 2009, bust.com/component/option,com_zine/id,2/view,article/.

40
. Angela Bonavoglia, “Cosmetic Vaginal Surgeons Clueless,” Women's Media Center, February 24, 2010, wom ensmediacenter.com/blog/2010/02/cosmetic-vaginal-surgeons-clueless/.

41
. V. Braun, “In Search of (Better) Sexual Pleasure: Female Genital ‘Cosmetic' Surgery,”
Sexualities
8 (2005): 407–24.

42
. Bonavoglia, “Cosmetic Vaginal Surgeons Clueless.”

43
. L. Liao, L. Michala, and S. Creighton, “Labial Surgery for Well Women: A Review of the Literature,”
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
117 (2010): 20–25.

44
. “Vaginal ‘Rejuvenation' and Cosmetic Vaginal Procedures,”
Obstetrics & Gynecology
110 (2007): 737–38.

45
. S. Kobrin, “More Women Seek Vaginal Plastic Surgery,”
Women eNews
, November 14, 2004, womensenews.org/story/health/041114/more-women-seek-vaginal-plastic-surgery.

46
. “ACOG Advises Against Cosmetic Vaginal Procedures Due to Lack of Safety and Efficacy Data,” press release of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, September 1, 2007, acog.org/from_home/publications/press_releases/nr09-01-07-1.cfm.

47
. Working Group on a New View of Women's Sexual Problems, “Challenging the Medicalization of Sex,” New View Campaign, 2000, newviewcampaign.org/manifesto1.asp.

48
. Laura Fitzpatrick, “Plastic Surgery Below the Belt,”
Time
, November 19, 2008, time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1859937,00.html#ixzz1DXjtKMz0.

49
. Carrie Melago, “Ralph Lauren Model Filippa Hamilton: I Was Fired Because I Was Too Fat!”
New York Daily News
, October 14, 2009, nydailynews.com/life style/fashion/2009/10/14/2009-10-14_model_fired_for_being_too_fat.html.

50
. A. Doherty and G. Dines, “Living in a Porn Culture” New Left Project, April 15, 2010, newleftproject.org/index.php/site/article_comments/living_in_a_porn_culture/.

51
. R. Weitz, “Changing the Scripts: Midlife Women's Sexuality in Contemporary U.S. Films,”
Sexuality & Culture
14, no. 1 (2009): 17–32.

52
. Ibid.; M. M. Lauren and D. M. Dozier, “Maintaining the Double Standard: Portrayals of Age and Gender in Popular Films,”
Sex Roles
52 (2005): 437–46.

53
. L. Wade, “How and Why People of Color Are Included in Advertising,” The Society Pages, December 6, 2008, thesocietypages.org/socimages/2008/12/06/how-and-why-people-of-color-are-included-in-advertising-6th-in-a-series/.

54
. D. Stewart, “‘Young Hollywood' Is White, Thin,” Jezebel, jezebel.com/#!5461571/young-hollywood-is-white-thin.

55
. Michelle Diament, “Can Disability Be Sexy?”
disabilityscoop
, May 14, 2010, disabilityscoop.com/2010/05/14/can-disability-be-sexy/8048/.

56
. Ibid.

57
. Ischmeiser, “Screenshot: Lose the Biggest Loser Already,”
Bitch
magazine, bitchmagazine.org/post/screen shot-lose-the-biggest-loser-already.

58
. Maura Kelly, “Should ‘Fatties' Get a Room? (Even on TV?),”
Marie Claire
, October 25, 2010, marieclaire.com/sex-love/dating-blog/overweight-couples-on-tele vision.

59
. C. Leive, “On the C.L.: The Picture You Can't Stop Talking About: Meet ‘the Woman on p. 194,'”
Glamour
, August 17, 2009, glamour.com/health-fitness/blogs/vitamin-g/2009/08/on-the-cl-the-picture-you-cant.html.

60
. C. Strawn, “
Glamour
Honors Plus-Size Models in Its November Issue,”
The Frisky
, October 2, 2009, the frisky.com/post/246-glamour-honors-plus-size-models-in-its-november-issue/.

61
. S. Marikar, “Lizzie Miller Fuels Debate About Plus-Size Acceptance,” ABC News, September 2, 2009, abc news.go.com/Entertainment/BeautySecrets/story?id=8463526.

62
. The latest in the series is Jean Kilbourne,
Killing Us Softly 4: Advertising's Image of Women
(Northampton, MA: Media Education Foundation, 2010).

63
. Newscore, “ABC Slams Lane Bryant: We Never Rejected Plus-Size Lingerie Ad,” FoxNews.com, April 22, 2010, foxnews.com/entertainment/2010/04/22/abc-slams-lane-bryant-rejected-plus-size-lingerie-ad/.

64
. G. Bellafante, “Plus-Size Wars,”
New York Times
, July 28, 2010, nytimes.com/2010/08/01/magazine/01plus size-t.html?_r=2&pagewanted=all.

65
. Mimi Nichter and Nancy Vuckovic, “Fat Talk: Body Image Among Adolescent Girls,” in Nicole Sault, ed.,
Many Mirrors: Body Image and Social Relations
(Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1994), p. 7.

66
. N. Hellmich, “Do Thin Models Warp Girls' Body Images?”
USA Today
, September 26, 2006, usatoday.com/news/health/2006-09-25-thin-models_x.htm.

67
. C. Stewart, “Disney Provokes Girls' Body Image-Image Anxiety?”
Orange County Register
, June 16, 2010, ocregister.com/articles/provokes-253659-anxiety-women.html.

68
. Disney, Inc., “Consumer Products,” disneyconsumer products.com/Home/display.jsp?contentId=dcp_home_ourfranchises_disney_princess_us&forPrint=false& langauge=en&preview=false&imageShow=0&press Room=US&translationOf=null®ion=0.

69
. P. Bronson, “Do Disney Princesses Make Young Girls Obsessed with Thinness?”
Newsweek
, December 1, 2009, newsweek.com/blogs/nurture-shock/2009/12/01/do-disney-princesses-make-young-girls-obsessed-with-thinness.html.

70
. “Dove Reveals Results of Second Global Study,” Dove Self-Esteem Fund media release, April 2007, campaign forrealbeauty.com.au/dove-self-esteem-fund/pdfs/Dove_Global_Study_2007.pdf.

71
. Peggy Orenstein, “Real-Life Disney Princess Exposed the Danger Line,”
Women's News
(February 13, 2011), womensenews.org/story/parenting/110212/real-life-disney-princess-exposed-the-danger-line.

72
. CNN, “Kiss My Fat Ass, Says Meghan McCain,” CNN.com, March 17, 2009, politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2009/03/17/kiss-my-fat-ass-says-meghan-mccain.

73
. J. Rao, “It's the Year of the Value Diet” CNBC, June 18, 2010, cnbc.com/id/37492840/It_s_The_Year_ofThe_Value_Diet.

74
. T. Mann et al., “Medicare's Search for Effective Obesity Treatments: Diets Are Not the Answer,”
American Psychologist
62, no. 3 (2007): 220–33.

75
. U. Ghitza et al., “Peptide YY3-36 Decreases Reinstatement of High-Fat Food Seeking During Dieting in a Rat Relapse Model,”
Journal of Neuroscience
27, no. 3 (2007): 11522–32.

76
. A. Field et al., “Relation Between Dieting and Weight Change Among Preadolescents and Adolescents,”
Pediatrics
112, no. 4 (2003): 900–90.

77
. K. Gapinski, K. Brownell, and M. LaFrance, “Body Objectification and Fat Talk: Effects on Emotion, Motivation, and Cognitive Performance,”
Sex Roles
48 (2003): 378–79.

78
. Y. May Chao et al., “Ethnic Differences in Weight Control Practices Among U.S. Adolescents from 1995 to 2005,”
International Journal of Eating Disorders
41, issue 2 (2008): 124–33.

79
. Denise Brodey, “Blacks Join the Eating Disorder Mainstream,”
New York Times
, September 20, 2005, nytimes.com/2005/09/20/health/psychology/20eat.html?pagewanted=all.

80
. Catherine Steiner-Adair and Lisa Sjostrom,
Full of Ourselves: A Wellness Program to Advance Girl Power, Health, and Leadership
(New York: Teachers College Press, 2006).

81
. T. Andreyeva et al., “Changes in Perceived Weight Discrimination Among Americans, 1995–1996 Through 2004–2006,”
Obesity
16, no. 5 (2008): 1129–34.

82
. Laura Fraser,
Losing It: False Hopes and Fat Profits in the Diet Industry
(New York: Penguin, 1998), p. 53.

83
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Obesity and Overweight
, cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/overwt.htm.

84
. M. Magowan, “Congresswomen Urge Healthy Media for Youth”
San Francisco Chronicle
, April 15, 2010, sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/mmagowan/detail?entry_id=61396.

85
. American Psychological Association, report of the Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls, apa.org/pi/women/programs/girls/report-full.pdf.

86
. Rose Weitz,
Rapunzel's Daughters: What Women's Hair Tells Us About Women's Lives
(New York: Farrar, Straus, 2005), p. 225.

1
. Julia Serano,
Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity
(Berkeley: Seal Press, 2007), p. 27.

2
. Joanne Herman,
Transgender Explained for Those Who Are Not
(Bloomington, IN: Author House, 2009), p. 51.

3
. Ibid., p. 28.

4
. Henk Asscheman et al., “A Long-Term Follow-up Study of Mortality in Transsexuals Receiving Treatment with Cross-Sex Hormones,”
European Journal of Endocrinology
(January 25, 2011): D01: 10.153/EJ-10-1095. See also Louis J. Gooren, E. J. Giltay, and M. C. Bunck, “Long-Term Treatment of Transsexuals with Cross-Sex Hormones: Extensive Personal Experience,”
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
93 (2008): 19–25.

5
. Wylie C. Hembree et al., “Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline,”
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
94, no. 9 (2009): 3132–54, endo-society.org/guidelines/final/upload/Endocrine-Treatment-of-Transsexual-Persons.pdf.

6
. Dr. Louis Gooren, personal correspondence, December 2010.

7
. See also Louis J. Gooren and E. J. Giltay, “Review of Studies of Androgen Treatment of Female-to-Male Transsexuals: Effects and Risks of Administration of Androgens to Females,”
Journal of Sexual Medicine
5, issue 4 (2008): 765–76.

8
. Hembree et al., “Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual Persons,” table 11.

9
. Ibid.

10
. H. Makadon et al.,
Fenway Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health
(Philadelphia: American College of Physicians, 2008), p. 381.