Nationalism and Culture (102 page)

Aesop, 358.

Agassiz, Louis, 299.

Agelades, 361.

Albigenses, see Sects.

Alcaeus of Lesbos, 357.

"Alcavala," The, see Spain.

Alcibiades, 371.

Alemanni, 76.

d'Alembert, Jean le Rond, 158, 4.58.

Aleutos of Thessaly, 369.

Alexander of Macedon: policy and conquests, 28; religious basis of power, 54; introduction of Cassarism to Europe, 52; establishment of political unity in Greece and destruction of Greek culture, 373-374; 326, 383.

Alexander VI, Pope, 97.

Alkidamas, 128.

Almerich of Bena, 103.

Amenhotep III, 49.

Amenhotep IV, 49.

America: development of liberal ideas, 148-149; industrial evolution, subdivision of labor.

Amerigo Vespucci, see Vespucci.

Ammon, Otto, 338.

Amyot, Jacques, 287.

Anabaptists, see Sects.

Anacreon of Taos, 358.

Anaximander, 355.

Anaximenes, 355, 460.

Ancus, Marcius, 377.

Andrews, Roy Chapman, 299.

Andrews, Stephen Pearl, 149, 539.

Andronicus, Livius, 391.

Angstrom, A. J., 459.

Animism, 43.

Anthemius of Tralles, 486.

Antisemitisra in Germany: 249-250; Gobineau opposed to the "Semitic idea of the fatherland," 306-307; Chamberlain on Germandom and Jewdom as opposite poles in history, 310; the fable of the Jewish race, 327; persecution of the Jews in Spain under the Visigoths, 411; expulsion of the Moors and the Jews from Spain, 30-31; 122, 417-419; Anti-Jewish legislation in Germany, 327-328; see also Race theories.

Antisthenes, 129.

Anu, 48.

Apelles, 362, 390.

Apollo of Damascus, 388.

Apostolic Brethren, see Sects.

Apuleius, Lucius, 347, 393.

Aquinus, Thomas, 78.

Arabs, see Spain.

d'Aragona, Lodovico, 33.

Archimedes, 356, 455, 479.

Architecture and the community, 480-481; necessity and esthetics, 480-481; influence of materials on the style of tectonics, 482; the bridge between Egypt and Babylon, 483-484; influence of the Medes and the Persians on Assyrian style forms, 484; from Grecian temple to the Hellenic art, 484-485; connection between Etruscan and Grecian forms, 485; arched structures, 485; transition to the Christian church style, 485; the central type and Csesar-ism, 485; Byzantine style, 486; development of the Romanesque style, 487-488; transition to the Gothic, 488; the Gothic as social structure, 488-490; universality of a style, 489-490; the Renaissance, 490-494; development of styles of space treatment, 492; transition to the baroque, 493;

569

INDEX

absolutism and the shaping of the baroque, 493-495; Jesuit style, 495; decline of the ancient regime and development of the rococo, 495-496; the capitalist world and the chaos of styles: factory, barrack, warehouse, 496-497.

Arion, 358.

Aristarchus of Samos, 355, 395, 454,

455.

Aristides, 367.

Aristippus, 128.

Aristogeiton, 358.

Aristophanes, 347, 359, 367, 390.

Aristotle: theory of the state and the idea of "inferiors," 80-81; justification of slavery, 80; conception upon the natural destiny of man, 80-81, 354, 355, 363, 455, 461, 539, 545.

Arminius, 72, 73.

Armstrong, W., 265, 266, 268.

Arndt, E. Moritz, 190, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 218, 219, 220, 225, 276.

Arnould, Arthur, 539.

Art, Styles of: as expression of culture, 473-475; of personality, 474; see also Architecture, Painting, Style Theories.

Artois, Charles Philippe, 174.

Auerbach, Berthold, 514.

Augustus, Roman emperor, 53, 326, 392.

Aulard, A., 539,

Avicebrol, Salomon (Ibn Gabirol), 461.

Avicenna (Ibn Sina), 461.

Avogadro, A., 355.

Baader, Franz, 224, 225, 540.

Babeuf, Frangois Noel, 540, see Socialism.

Babouvism, see Socialism.

Babylon, 48, 354, 360, 367, 454, 483.

Bach, Johann Sebastian, 314.

Bacon, Francis, 355, see Evolution.

Baird, C. W., 539.

Bakunin, Michael: 162, 167; defense of political federalism, 233; denunciation of the centralized state as a cause, of exploitation and war, 233; disbelief in constitutions and laws, 512; 238, 246,

433> 519. 539. 541. 544, 545, 546. Balabanowa, A., 539. Ball, John, 106. Balzac, Honore, 320.

Barbarossa, see Frederick.

Barbes, Armand, see Socialism.

Barker, E., 539.

Bartels, Adolf, 336.

Barthelemy, C, 539.

Basel, Council of, see Hussites.

Battles of Salamis, 371; Marathon, 369; Thermopylae, 370; Plataea, 371; the Teutoburger Forest, 73; Soisson, 76; Zulpich, 76; Lipan, 108; Taus, 108; Villalar, 418; Austerlitz, 207; Jena, 207; Auerstaedt, 207; Leipzig, 212.

Baudeau, Nicolas, 450.

Bauer, Bruno, 544.

Bauer, Otto, 539.

Beard, Charles A., 539.

Bebel, August, 521.

Becker, Carl, 450.

Beckles, Wilson, 121.

Beer, Max, 539.

Beethoven, Ludwig, 205, 314, 319, 320,

333, 433-Bellers, John, 139. Bellini, Giovanni, 422, 501. Bentham, Jeremy, 144, 145, 539, 543. Benzenburg, F., 205. Berger, M., 539. Berger, Victor, 528. Berkman, Alexander, 539. Bernstein, E., 539. Berossus, 454. Berrens, L. H., 539.

Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von, 330. "Bill of Rights," 139. Binzer, Daniel, 221. Bismarck, Otto von, 226, 227, 236, 314,

433, 539, 544-Bisset, Andrew, 539. Blanc, Louis, 23, 229, 235, 518, 540;

see also Socialism. Blanqui, August, 540, see Socialism. Bliicher, Lebrecht, 208, 211. Blumenbach, J. F., 299. Boas, Franz, 302. Boccaccio, Giovanni, 423. Bodin, Jean, 450, 462. Boetie, Etienne, 134, 540. Bogomili, The, see Sects. Bohemia, see Hussites; also Reformation. Bohme, Jakov, 225, 461. Boileau, Nicolas, 429.

571

Bolingbroke, John, 142. Bolivar, Simon, 274. Bolshevism, see Socialism; also

ship. Bonald, Louis, 48, 171, 196, I Bonaparte, Joseph, 182. Bonaparte, Louis, see Napoleon Bonaparte, Napoleon, see Napo! Bonaventura, 337. Boniface VIII, Pope, 106. Bonnet, Charles, 463. Book of Manu, 49. Borghi, Armando, 540. Borgia, Cesare, 97. Borsig, Ernst von, 244. Bossuet, Jacques B., 430, 442. Botticelli, 422. Boucher, Francois, 505. Bougainville, Louis A., 159. Boulainvilliers, Henri, 304. Bourbons, The, 54, 507. Bourne, H. R. Fox, 540. Boyen, Leopold L. von, 211, Brahe, Tycho, 456. Bramante, Lazzari, 492. Brandes, George, 153, 222. Brandt, Director, 266. Brentano, Clemence, 222. Brockway, A. Fenner, 268. Brown, John, 265. Bruckner, Anton, 314. Bructeri, see Germans. Brugmann, Karl, 290. Brun, Charles, 540. Brunelleschi, Filippo, 492. Briining, Heinrich, 512, 534. Bruno, Giordano, see Evolution Brutus, 402, 507, 508. Buchanan, George: theory of

pie's Will," 135; on might

135; burning of his book De

Scotos, 135. Biichner, Georg, 511. Biichner, Ludwig, 467. Buckle, Thomas H., 147, 241, Buddhism, see Religion. Buenaventura, 337. Buff on, G. Louis de, 299; see

lution. Biilow, Bernhard von, 308. "Bundschuh," 103.

Dictator—

99, 540.

III. leon I.

the "Peo-and right, Jure apid

540.

also Evo—

Buonarrito, Filippo, 540, see Socialism.

Burckhardt, Jakob, 95, 540.

Burdach, K., 540.

Burke, Edmund, 146, 147, 540.

"Burschenschaften," Die, 211, 221.

Burten, J. H., 525.

Byron, Lord Gordon, 147, 320.

Cabet, Etienne, see Socialism.

Cable-Cameron expedition, 299.

Cadmus, 353.

Caesar, Julius, 52, 53, 74, 404.

Caesaro-Papism, 49, 54, i 13.

Caligula, 53, 406.

Calixtines, see Hussites.

Calvin, Jean: theory of predestination, 112; reign of terror in Geneva, 112; laws promulgated by, ii2; Calvin and democracy, 113, 169.

Campanella, Tommasso, 131.

Campbell, Douglas, 540.

Campbell, Thomas, 131, 439.

Capek, Karol, 442.

Capets, The, 300.

Capitalism: psychology of, 40-41; State Capitalism, 34-35; rise of commercial Capitalism, 93-94; a tool for the centralization of power, 117; Monopoly Capitalism and social reforms, 245; as opposed to human freedom, 246; the mechanical man, 247; rationalization of industry, 247; policy of German Capitalism after the war, 261-262; "Comite des Forges," 262; as temporary result of social evolution, 442-443; "Americanizing" of Europe, 443-444; influence of capitalist economy on modern state policy, 445; Monopoly Capitalism and the "free play of forces," 445-446; Capitalism and war, 446; monstrosities of the Capitalist system, 523-524; man and machine, 523-524; the social problem a matter of consumption, 524-525; State capitalism no solution, 525-526; world economy, not world exploitation, 527; liberation of economics from Capitalism, 527.

"Carlsbad decrees," 190, 196, 211, 221, 223—

Carlyle, Thomas, 540.

INDEX

Carolingians, The, 300.

Castagno, Andrea del, 422.

Cataline, 405.

Cathari, The, see Sects.

Cato the Elder, 387, 390, 402, 507, 508.

Cauchy, A. L., 459.

Cavalcantl, Guido, 422.

Cavour, de Camillo B., 243, 545.

Cecil, Lord Robert, 268.

Cecrops, 353.

Chaldeans, The, 354, 455.

Chamberlain, Houston Stewart: 191, 192, 194; mission of the Germans, 308; interpretation of history, 307-310; Anti-Semitism a race question, 310; on Protestantism, 309-310; Christ a German, 310; on democracy, 311; his influence on the ruling classes in Germany, 312, 317, 330, 332, 334,

336, 337> 437. 540-Chaptal, Jean, 430, 54O. Charlemagne, 64, 77. Charles I of England, 88, 118, 120. Charles II of England, 121. Charles V of France, 172. Charles VII of France, 172. Charles VIII of France, 348. Charles I of Spain, 122, 418. Charles V, German Emperor, 54, 107,

412, 418, 546. Charles Albert of Sardinia, 205. Chateaubriand, F. Rene, 171, 540. Chatti, The, see Germans. Chaucer, Geoffrey, 287. Chelcicky, Peter, 104, 107, 109, 540,

548. Chenier, Andre, 179. Chcnier, Joseph, 179. Cheops, 49.

Cheruscans, The, see Germans, Child, Sir Josiah, 450. Chiliasts, The, see Sects. China, 50, 348. "^

Christian II of Denmark, IIO. Christus, 310.

Church, see Papacy; also Reformation. Cicero, 208, 354, 386, 390, 394, 398,

402. Cimabue, Cenni di Pepo, 422. Cimon, 367. Clairvault, Alexis, 458.

Classen, J., 540.

Clausewitz, Carl, 540.

Clauss, L. F., 312, 319, 320, 328, 332,

337—

Clemenceau, Georges, 241.

Clement, Madame, 540.

Clovis, King of the Franks, 76.

Coeurderoy, E,, 540.

Colbert, Jean Baptiste, 118, 119, 120, 540.

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 147.

Colleoni, B., 501.

"Comite des Forges," see Capitalism.

Communism, see Socialism; also Dictatorship.

"Compact of Prague," see Hussites.

Comufieros, The, see Spain.

Condorcet, Marie Jean, 157, 180, 463, 540.

Considerant, Victor, 23, 540; see also Socialism.

Constant de Rougemont, F., 440.

Constantine, Roman Emperor, 53, 65.

Conway, M. D., 540.

Copernican Theory: new picture of the universe, 454; forerunners, 454-456; Einstein on the development of the theory of a helicocentric universe, 454; conceptions among the ancients, 454-455; Ptolemy's Almagest, 455; the Church and the Ptolemaic system, 455; Maria Novara and his new conception of the universe, 455; Copernicus and his studies in Bologna and Padua, 455-456; his work Concerning the Revolution of the Heavenly Bodies, 45 5 > Bruno's nature philosophic, 456; Kepler and Galileo, 456-458; Newton's Law of gravitation, 458; forerunners of Newton, 458; the system of Laplace and Kant, 459; the development of astro-physics, 459.

Copernicus, Nicolai, 24, 114, 395, 454, 45 5; see also Copernican theory.

Corneille, Pierre, 429, 505.

Cornelissen, Christian, 540.

Correggio, Antonio Allegri, 422.

Costa, Joaquin, 540.

Courbet, Gustave, 514.

Couthon, Georges, 170, 508.

Crassus, 404.

573

Crates, Greek philosopher, 357.

Crates, Greek poet, 359.

Cratinus, 359.

Crawfurd, John, 299.

Credi, Lorenzo di, 422.

Cromwell, Oliver, 136, 187, 540.

Crusades: religious and economic causes of, 28-29; of the childien, 29; against the Albigenses, 29, 70; the Waldenses, 103; the Bogomili, 103; the Hussites, 108.

Culture: as opposed to power, 42-43, 81-85; the decline of in Europe with the rise of Absolutism, 116-126; as ethical standard of value with Lessing, Kant, Herder, Voltaire and others, 340-341; Culture and Civilization, 341; as conscious resistance to the natural course of events, 341-343; in the struggle against tyranny and lust for power, 343-344; freedom as a necessity for the development of, 254-256, 344; and the struggle for existence, 344-345; solidarity as the most effective promoter of, 344-345 ; relation of separate human groups to the general course of, 345-346; vitalization by foreign influences, 346-347; the illusion of "national Culture," 346-347; victory of the higher Culture over political and social limitations, 347-349; cultural fitness and assimilation by the state, 349-350; national dissolution and political weakness as inspirers of, 35 I-352, 432; foreign influences on the evolution of Greek, 353-354; many-sidedness of Hellenic, 354-362; invasion of Greek Culture to Rome, 387-39O; of the Moors in Spain, 30, 411-414; political decay and the peak of Spanish, 414; the national Christian state and the decline of Spanish, 417-419; Italian city Culture from the twelfth to the fifteenth century, 420-424; architecture, painting, sculpture, 421-422; shaping of the Italian language by Boccaccio, Dante, Petrarch, 422-423; French folk Culture destroyed by Absolutism, 427-432; the decline of in Germany after the foundation of the empire, 432-433;

Nietzsche on German Culture, 83, 433; in Germany, 431-432; the essential identity of all Culture, 435-436; historical connections as cultural phe» nomena, 519-520.

Cunow, Heinrich, 540.

Curtius, Ernst, 364, 541.

Curtze, Dr., 455.