Nationalism and Culture (104 page)

Gonthart, von, 267.

Gorres, Joseph, 205, 211, 218, 222, 227,

539> 542—

Gottfried of Strassburg, 286.

Gournay, Vincent, 450.

Goya, Francisco, 320, see Painting.

Grabbe, Ch., 435.

Gracchi, The, 405, 406.

Grandjat, Jean, 112.

Grant, Madison, 312.

Gray, John, 230.

Greece: rediscov«ry of, 352; religion, 352-353, 360-364; concerning the descent of the Hellenes, 353-354, 363; characteristics of Greek thought, 354-355; science and philosophy, 354-357; poetry, music, drama, comedy, 357-359; the theater as a barometer of individual freedom, 359; architecture, sculpture and painting, 359-362; art as a principle of life, 359-360; national and political disunion, 362-363,

INDEX

365; influence of the natural environment on the manifoldness of culture, 363; character of the Polls, 366-367; peculiarity of colonization, 366; participation of the individual in public aff"airs, 366-367; Olympus as a symbol of political and social conditions, 367-368; the Persian wars, 368-371; reasons for the victory of the Hellenes, 371; the role of Sparta and Athens, 370-371; the Peloponnesian war and the question of political unity, 371-372; signs of collapse, 372-373; political unity under Alexander and the decline of culture, 373-374.

Gregoire, Henri, 176.

Gregory VII, Pope: political aims, 68; the founder of the hegemony of the Papacy, 68-69; ^^^ enforcement of celibacy, 68; the executer of St. Augustine, 68-69; 332—

Grillparzer, Franz, 314, 339.

Grosz, Georg, 515.

Grote, George, 371, 374, 542.

Grotius, Hugo, 142, 450.

Grouxaud, Ch., 515.

Gruber, Max, 314, 319.

Griin, Karl, see Socialism.

Guillaume, James, 542.

Guillotine, J. I., 169.

Guinicelli, 422.

Guizot, F. P. G., 148, 510.

Gumplowicz, Ludwig, 542,

Gunther, Hans: 192, 312; theory of the "Nordic race," 317-318; his invention of the "Baltic race," 318; his proposition of a "Nordic League," 322; his conception of the characteristics of the Jewish race, 327, 328, 331, 332, 338,

437. Gurlitt, C, 542.

Gustavus I, of Sweden, no. -.^

Gustavus Adolphus, of Sweden, in, 124. Guyau, M., 542.

Hadrian, Roman Emperor, 390. Haeckel, Ernst, 284, 299; see also Evolution. Hahn,, Eduard, 319. Haller, Karl L., 224. Halley, Edmund, 458.

Hals, Franz, see Painting.

Hammurabi, 25, 48, 87, 542.

Hannibal, 387, 403.

Hansen, P. A., 459.

Hapsburgs, The, 54, 123, 124.

Hardenberg, K. A. von, 205, 209, 210.

Harmodius, 358.

Harpagon, 368.

Harper, R. F., 542.

Harrar, A., 334.

Harriot, Thomas, 457.

Harway (Continental Steel Company),

265. Hauser, Otto, 192, 310, 312, 313, 314,

319, 321, 322, 326, 328, 329, 331,

332. 333> 335. 336, 338—

Haydn, F. J., 314.

Haym, Rudolf, 196, 542.

Hebel, J. Peter, 293.

Hebertists, The, 57, 58, 178.

Hegel, Karl, 542.

Hegel, W. G. F.: 23, 155, 163, 165, 191; his influence, 192-193; thinking in categories, 193-195; philosophy of history, 194-195; belief in historical necessities and "missions of nations," 194-195; deification of the state, 195-197, 224; and Protestantism, 196-197; the philosopher of the Prussian state, 196; and socialism, 198, 228; the forerunner of the totalitarian state, 198-199; International Hegelian congress in Berlin, 242-243; 235, 335, 344, 380, 382, 385, 398, 436, 442, 463, 542.

Heilborn, Adolf, 300.

Heine, Heinrich, 212, 215, 221, 222,

397> 433. 517. Heliogabalus, 406.

Hellenism, see Greece; also Architecture. Helmholtz, H. L. F., 314. Helvetius, C. Adrien, 157. Henri II, of France, 172. Henri III, of France, 133. Henri IV, of France, 133. Henry VII, of England, 120. Henry VIII, of England, 106, I20,

131—

Hentschel, see Midgard-marriage. Heraclitus, 461. Herbart, J. F., 436.

579

Herder, Johann Gottfried: on the artificial structure of the state, 151 ; his concept of "natural government," 15O; theory of war as the cause of every form of enslavement and tyranny, 150-151 ; the state versus human happiness, 152; his cosmopolitanism, 155; and the romantic school in Germany, 215; 185, 187, 191, 198, 221, 222, 320, 340, 433, 463, 542.

Hermann, Hans, 336.

Hermann, Charles, 515.

Hermann of Metz, 68.

Herodotus, 354, 364.

Hertz, Friedrich, 302, 320.

Herwegh, Georg, 512.

Herwegh, Marcel, 512.

Herzen, Alexander, 542.

Hesiod of Askra, 357.

Hess, Moses, 228, 542.

Hildebrandt, see Gregory VII.

Hinojosa, Eduardo, 415, 542.

Hipparchus of Nicaea, 358, 455.

Hippias of Elis, J28, 369.

Hirtz, Daniel, 293.

Hisham III, Caliph of Cordoba, 414.

Hitler, Adolf, 61, 250, 251, 319, 324, 328, 338, 387, 517, 521, 531, 532,

533, 534> 542-iHobbes, Thomas: defender of absolute

\ state power, 135-137; conception of human nature, 84, 136; "atheismus," '3^*1375 theory of the state as the creator of civilization, 84, 136; the law of the state is the highest and only law, 136-137; the state as a political church, 137-138, 140, 141, 163, 470, 542.

Hodde, L. de la, 542.

Hoernes, M., 354.

Hoff, K. E. A. von, 464.

Hoffmann von Fallersleben, 226.

Hohenzollern, The, 264.

Holbach, P. H. D., 157, 463.

Hiilderlin, J. Ch. P., i 54.

"Holy Alliance," 190, 205, 211, 212, 248, 465, 542, 544.

Homer, 353, 365, 391, 392.

Hooke, Robert, 458.

Hooker, Richard, 139, 140, 542.

Horace, 320, 387, 390, 392, 403, 5 17.

Horneffer, Ernst, 245.

Hoyos, Edgar, 268.

Hrnek, B., 450.

Hudson Bay Company, 121.

Huesing, K., 288.

Hugo, Victor, 439.

Huguenots, The, 116, 132.

Humanism: and Protestantism, 114, 127; the doctrine of the "social contract" versus the divine right of the kings, 127-128; the struggle against centralized power, 129-132; the era of social Utopias, 131; see also Bacon, Campanella. More and Rabelais.

Humboldt, Wilhelm von: ideas regarding the limitation of state power, 156; freedom as the basis of human progress and culture, 156-157; protest against the mechanization of social life, 157; his theory on language, 276, 288; 211,

437, 542.

Hume, David, 142, 152, 442, 451. ^^

Humiliati, The, see Sects.

Huns, The, 73, 74, 348.

Hunter, W., 121.

Hunziker, Otto, 191.

Huss, John, and the Hussites: appeal to the princes, 104; concept of the mission of the state and the church, 107; nationalism, 107; crusade against the Hussites, 108; the two currencies within the movement, 107; the end of the Taborites, 108-109.

Huxley, Thomas, see Evolution.

Huysmann, Joris K., 516.

Ibsen, H., 311, 320, 432.

Ibycus of Rhegium, 358.

Ictinus, 361.

Innocent III: of and Caesaro-Papism, 69-70; introduction of the oral confession, 70; the organization of the Mendicant monks, 70; the Interdict, 70; crusade against the heretics in France, 70; personality, 70-71, 106, 543.

Inquisition, The, see Spain.

"International Workingmen's Association," see Socialism.

Isabella of Castile, 30, 414, 417.

"Isidorian Decretals," see Papacy.

Isidores of Miletus, 486.

INDEX

Isnard, M., 177.

Italy: development of municipal life, 420-424; upsurge of intellectual life, 420-421; Nominalism versus Scholasticism, 420-421; the rebirth of science, 421; expansion of the arts and crafts, 91-92, 421; the "creative genius of the masses," 421-422; the shaping of the language, 422-423; the organization of the towns and city federations, 91-94, 423-424; political decentralization as a factor of cultural development, 423-424; Mazzini and the struggle for national and political unity, 424-426; the bureaucratizing of public affairs, 426-427.

Ivanovsky, Dr., 302.

Jacobi, J. Georg, 150.

Jacobins, The, 164, 168, 170, 176, 180.

Jahn, Ludwig, igo, 208, 211, 220, 221, 222, 225, 226, 259, 276, 295.

Jakob of Mies, 107.

James I, of England, 133.

James II, of England, 121.

Jansen, Z., 458.

Jansky, Dr., 301.

Jean Paul (Richter), 154, 187, 198, 205, 222, 328, 410, 433.

Jefferson, Thomas, 148, 542.

Jehering, Rudolf, 395.

Jehuda, Helevi, 296.

Jerome of Prague, 107.

Jesuits, The, 132-134.

Jesus, 310.

Jews, The: in Palestine, 295, 327; in Rome, 295; in Alexandria, 295; in Spain, 296, 327; in Germany, ^4.9-250, 387; see also Race theories; also Language.

Joachim of Flores, 103.

Joffre,J. J. C, 322.

John (Lackland), of England, 70,"'lo6.

Joli, H., 542.

Jones, A. E., 268.

Joshua, 114.

Justi, G., 450.

Juvenal, 393.

"Kalish Calls," 210. Kallicrates, 358, 361.

j Kant, Immanuel: 152; "moral law," 184-185; on absolute state power, 185-186; concept of society, 186; concept of eternal peace and an international league of states, 187; Kant and Herder, 187; conception of the universe, 463; 188, 192, 195, 198, 224, 314,

340.

Kar, 364.

Kautsky, Karl, 542, 543.

Kegan, Paul C, 542.

Kepler, Johannes, 24; see also Copernican Theory.

Kessler, C, P., 470, 471.

Kirchhoff, Gustav, see Copernican Theory.

Klaatsch, Hermann, 300.

Kleist, Heinrich von, 218, 219.

Klockner & Co., 262.

Klopstock, G. P., 433.

Klupfel, L., 267.

Kobell, Franz von, 293.

Koenig, R., 45.

Kollwitz, Kathe, 515.

Kopitar, B., 290.

Korner, Th., 212, 218.

Kotzebue, A, P., 221.

Kowalewski, M., 118, 542.

Kretzer, Eugen, 310.

Kropotkin, Peter: 116; interpretation of the "struggle for existence," 344; Mutual Aid a factor of Evolution, 470-471; on modern capitalism and war, 446; on the Roman state, 382; 421, 488, 519, 543, 545—

Krueger, P., 524.

Krupp, A. G. P., 266, 267, 268.

Kulczycki, L., 543.

Labrlola, Antonio, 543.

Laclos, Pierre, 174.

Laermans, E., 51 £.

Lafargue, John, 501.

Lafargue, Paul, 291.

La Fontaine, Jean, 430.

Lagrange, J. L., 459.

Lahn, Karl, 440.

Lamarck, J. B., see Evolution.

Lamb, Charles, 147.

La Metterie, J. Offray, 180, 463.

Lamprecht, Karl, 330,

581

Lancret, N., 505.

Landauer, Gustav, 488, 518, 519, 543.

Landsteiner, Karl, 301.

Lange, F. A., 136, 543.

Language: and culture, 277-278; foreign elements in language, 278-280; literary language and popular speech, 280-281; influence of religion on science, art, the professions, etc., as mediators of new language values, 281-282; the significance of loan words, 282; Oriental symbolism in European thought, 282-283; foreign thought in native guise, 283; reflection of the natural and social environment, 284; speech and thought, 284; linguistic atavisms, 285-286; the illogical in language formation, 286; constant change in linguistic expression, 286-288; the inadequacy of psychological theories, 288-289; the influence of the cultural circle is stronger than the tie of communal speech, 289; the development of English, 289-290; concerning the common genealogy of the so-called Aryan language, 294; peoples that change their languages, 294-296; nations with different language districts, 296.

Languet, Hubert, 132.

Lanuza, Juan, 41 8.

Lao-tse, 82, 83, 256, 347.

Laplace, Pierre, see Copernican Theory.

Lapouge, Vacher de, 194, 322, 332.

Laski, H. J. A., 543.

Lassalle, Ferdinand: and Fichte, 189, 191; on democracy and nationality, 203; on the mission of the state, 235-236; and Bismarck, 236; 335, 543, 544; see also Socialism.

Lasteyrie, 263.

Law and Right: "natural law" and "positive law," 86; despotism and "divine law," 87; its dual character, 87-88; as a barometer of culture, 87-88; the idea of natural right in Greek philosophy, 128-129; the doctrine of natural right versus Absolutism, i 29-13 i; Languet's Vindiciae contra Tyrannos, 13 2; the Act of Abjuration, 132; Suarcz on the divine right of the kings, 133; Mariana

and the doctrine of tyrannicide, 133; Buchanan and the doctrine of the "people's will," 135; Hobbes on the absolute law of the state, 135-138; Milton's defence of against despotism, 139; Lilbourne and the doctrine of the "People's Covenant," 139; Hookers Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity" 14O; Filmer's theory concerning the law of the king, 141; Locke on lawmaking power, 140-142; the shaping of international law under the influence of the "Social Contract," 142-143; Montesquieu's Sfirit of Laws, 159-160; Rousseau on law and right, 164-165; the despotism of, 170-172; Franz von Baader on law and government, 396-399; Mommsen on Roman law, 399; law .ind the individual in Rome, 396-399-Lazare, Bernard, 543. Lazarus, Moritz, 436, 437. "League of Nations," 187, 268. Le Bon, Gustave, 437. Lecky, E. H., 147, 543. Lefrangais, G., 543. Lehmann-Russbueldt, Otto, 269, 527,

528, 543-Leibnitz, G. W., 152, 314, 558, 463. Lelewel, Joachim, 276. Leneru, M., 543. Lenin, V., 36, 61, 187, 238, 531, 543,

547—

Leo III, Pope, 77.

Leonardo da Vinci, 98, 421, 422, 457; see also Painting.

Leonidas, 370, 508.

Lesage, A. Rene, 430.

Leseine, V., 543.

Leskien, A., 290.

Lessing, G. E.: ideas on the "best constitution," 150; Dialogue about Soldiers and Monks, 150; his libertarian views, 151; on patriotism, 155, 187, 198, 221, 222, 336, 340, 433, 463,

475. 476, 543-Letourneau, Ch., 543. Leucippus, 355. Levelers, The, 139. Leverday, E.,* 543, /

Lcwy, Leon, 265. ^