Churchill's Empire: The World That Made Him and the World He Made (65 page)

51
‘Parliament’,
The Times
, 15 March 1906.

52
WSC to an unnamed correspondent, 15 March 1906, quoted in ‘The Fall in South African Shares’,
The Times
, 17 March 1906.

53
A summary of South African press reaction, including the quotations above, can be found in ‘Mr Churchill’s Speech: Strong Colonial Comments’,
The Times
, 17 March 1906.

54
‘The Colonial Office and the Colonies’,
Evening Post
(New Zealand), 5 June 1906.

55
‘The Blenheim Pup’,
Pall Mall Gazette
, 17 March 1906.

56
Joseph Chamberlain to the editor of
The Times
, 19 March 1906.

57
WSC to an unnamed correspondent, 15 March 1906, CV II, part 1, p. 527.

58
‘The onslaught on Churchill’,
Toronto Daily Star
, 4 May 1906.

59
WSC to Selborne, 17 March 1906, in Boyce,
Crisis of British Power
, p. 255.

60
Marsh,
A Number of People
, p. 151.

61
‘Political Situation in South Africa: The Native Question’,
Daily Telegraph
, 2 March 1906.

62
Cited in ‘Churchill’s Famous Speech’,
Hawera & Normanby Star
, 24 March 1906.

63
WSC to Selborne 24 March 1906, Selborne Papers (2nd Earl), MS 54, ff. 117–20.

64
Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill
, pp. 240–1.

65
New York Times
, 30 March 1906 (untitled article).

66
Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill
, pp. 241–3.

67
Flora Lugard to Frederick Lugard, 6 May 1906, Lugard Papers, 4/1.

68
‘Parliament: House of Commons’,
The Times
, 19 July 1906.

69
WSC, minute of 25 May 1907, NA, CO 179/241/18285, quoted in Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill
, p. 251.

70
‘Mr Churchill’,
Manchester Guardian
, 16 April 1908.

71
‘House of Commons’,
The Times
, 6 April 1906.

72
‘Ministers and the New Colonies’,
The Times
, 9 April 1906.

73
‘Mr Churchill on Australia’,
The Times
, 30 May 1906; ‘The Colonial Office and the Colonies’,
Evening Post
(NZ), 5 June 1906.

74
‘The Colonial Vote’,
Transvaal Leader
, 11 June 1906.

75
‘The 1900 Club’,
The Times
, 26 June 1906.

76
WSC, memorandum, Jan. 1906, CV II, part 1, p. 498.

77
Shula Marks, ‘White Masculinity: Jan Smuts, Race and the South African War’,
Proceedings of the British Academy
, 111 (2001), pp. 199–223, at 204, 206.

78
WSC, memorandum, Jan. 1906, CV II, part 1, p. 499.

79
Lord Moran,
Winston Churchill: The Struggle for Survival, 1940–1965
, Constable, London, 1966, p. 146.

80
J. C. Smuts, speech of 1895, in
Selections from the Smuts Papers
, vol. I:
June 1886–May 1902
, ed. W. K. Hancock and Jean van der Poel. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1966, p. 83.

81
See Saul Dubow, ‘Smuts, the United Nations and the Rhetoric of Race and Rights’,
Journal of Contemporary History
, 43 (2008), pp. 45–73.

82
Francis Williams,
Nothing So Strange: An Autobiography
, Cassell, London, 1970, p. 229.

83
Mackenzie King diary, 12 Sept. 1944.

84
J. C. Smuts to M. C. Gillett, 1 Feb. 1906, in
Selections from the Smuts Papers
, vol. II:
June 1902–May 1910
, ed. W. K. Hancock and Jean van der Poel, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1966, p. 228.

85
Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill
, pp. 124–36; Ronald Hyam and Peter Henshaw,
The Lion and the Springbok: Britain and South Africa since the Boer War
, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003, ch. 3.

86
J. C. Smuts to Margaret Clark, 25 March 1906, CV II, part 1, p. 536.

87
WSC to Lord Elgin, 15 March 1906, ibid., p. 530.

88
Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 4th Series, vol. 162, 31 July 1906, col. 753.

89
Ibid., vol. 152, 28 Feb. 1906, col. 1243.

90
Stanley Trapido, ‘African Divisional Politics in the Cape Colony, 1884 to 1910’,
Journal of African History
, 9 (1968), pp. 79–98, at 81.

91
Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 4th Series, vol. 152, 28 Feb. 1906, col. 1236.

92
Ibid., cols. 1233, 1243–4.

93
Abdullah Abdurahman to WSC, 13 June 1906 and enclosed petition, NA, CO 291/112.

94
‘South African Native Question’,
The Times
, 24 July 1906.

95
Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 4th Series, vol. 162, 31 July 1906, cols. 746–7; Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill
, p. 158.

96
Abdullah Abdurahman, speech of 7 Jan. 1907, in R. E. van der Ross,
Say It Out Loud: The APO Presidential Addresses and other Major Political Speeches, 1906–1940, of Dr Abdullah Abdurahman
, Western Cape Institute for Historical Research, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 1990. Text available at
www.sahistory.org.za
.

97
‘Mahatma’ was an honorific title, which he acquired later.

98
Kathryn Tidrick,
Gandhi: A Political and Spiritual Life
, I. B. Tauris, London and New York, 2006, ch. 1.

99
M. K. Gandhi,
An Autobiography, or, The Story of My Experiments with Truth
, Penguin, London, 1982 (first published 1927–9), p. 203.

100
Louis Fischer,
The Life of Mahatma Gandhi
, HarperCollins, London, 1997 (first published 1952), p. 78.

101
WSC, minute of 4 Nov. 1906, NA, CO 291/103, quoted in Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill
, p. 266.

102
Telegram from Elgin to Selborne, 27 Nov. 1906, NA, CO 291/105; Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill
, p. 266.

103
William Godfrey and C. M. Pillay to Selborne, 15 Oct. 1906, NA, CO 291/104; MKG, ‘Deputation Notes – I’,
Indian Opinion
, 8 Dec. 1906, in
Collected Works
, 100 vols., Government of India Publications Division, New Delhi, 1960–1994, vol. VI, p. 62.

104
‘House of Commons’,
The Times
, 15 Nov. 1906.

105
M. K. Gandhi and H. Ally to Elgin’s private secretary, 12 Nov. 1906, and ‘H.W.J[ust]’, minute of 19 Nov. 1906, NA, CO 291/104.

106
WSC, minute of 21 Nov. 1906, NA, CO 291/105.

107
MKG, ‘Deputation Notes – IV’,
Indian Opinion
, 29 Dec. 1906, in
Collected Works
, vol. VI, pp. 257–8.

108
G. D. Birla to WSC, 23 Sept. 1935, CV V, part 2, p. 1265.

109
MKG, ‘Deputation Notes – IV’,
Indian Opinion
, 29 Dec. 1906, in
Collected Works
, vol. VI, p. 259.

110
Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 4th Series, vol. 173, 2 May 1907, col. 1059.

111
‘From Private Correspondence’,
Scotsman
, 16 May 1907.

112
MKG, ‘Churchill’s Speech’,
Indian Opinion
, 25 May 1907, in
Collected Works
, vol. VI, p. 495.

113
WSC to Selborne, 2 Jan. [1908], Selborne Papers, MS 70, ff. 136–7.

114
‘From Private Correspondence’,
Scotsman
, 16 May 1907.

115
Minutes of 1 and 3 April 1906, NA, CO 225/71, quoted in Ronald Hyam, ‘The British Empire in the Edwardian Era’, in Judith M. Brown and Wm. Roger Louis (eds.),
The Oxford History of the British Empire: The Twentieth Century
, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999, pp. 47–63, at 50.

116
Selborne to the Earl of Middleton (St John Brodrick), 22 Aug. 1907, in Boyce,
Crisis of British Power
, p. 327.

117
WSC, minute of 3 Feb. 1908, quoted in Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill
, p. 215.

118
Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill
, pp. 208, 225–34, 289–303.

119
Flora Lugard to Frederick Lugard, 6 May 1906, Lugard Papers, 4/1.

120
Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill
, pp. 198–9, 208–9.

121
WSC to Lord Northcliffe, 24 Jan. 1907, Churchill Papers, CHAR 28/117/18.

122
WSC to Elgin, 8 Jan. 1907, CV II, part 1, p. 610.

123
David Lloyd George to William George, 6 May 1907, William George Papers, 1896.

124
‘Winston Day by Day’,
Punch
, 20 Nov. 1907.