Churchill's Empire: The World That Made Him and the World He Made (66 page)

125
‘Unofficial Despatches’,
Crown
, 23 Nov. 1907, Broadwater Collection.

126
Elgin to Crewe, [?] May 1908, CV II, part 2, p. 797.

127
WSC to Sir Francis Hopwood, 17 Oct. 1907, Francis Hopwood (Lord Southborough) Papers, Box 5.

128
Edward Marsh to Cynthia Charteris, 11 Dec. 1907, in Christopher Hassall,
Edward Marsh: Patron of the Arts: A Biography
, Longman’s, London, 1959, p. 139.

129
‘Woman Went over Roosevelt’s Route’,
New York Times
, 13 March 1909.

130
Hesketh Bell,
Glimpses of a Governor’s Life
, Sampson, Low, Marston & Co., London, n.d., p. 170 (diary entry for 25 Nov. 1907).

131
WSC to Lady Randolph Churchill, 6 Nov. 1907, CV II, part 2, p. 693.

132
James Sadler to Elgin, 9 Dec. 1907, NA, CO 533/33.

133
‘In Wild Uganda’,
Daily Graphic
, 17 Jan. 1908, Broadwater Collection.

134
Bell,
Glimpses
, p. 170 (diary entry for 22 Nov. 1907).

135
‘The Arrival at the Capital’,
Star of East Africa
, 9 Nov. 1907.

136
WSC to Edward VII, 27 Nov. 1907, CV II, part 2, p. 712.

137
‘Answers to Correspondents’,
Star of East Africa
, 30 Nov. 1907.

138
‘The Party – Not the Man’, ibid.

139
WSC,
My African Journey
[first published by Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1908], CW, vol. I, p. 32.

140
See the review of
My African Journey
in the
Spectator
, 19 Dec. 1908, which noted that even ‘The worst politician in Nairobi’ did not actually advocate mass murder.

141
See, for example, Elspeth Huxley,
White Man’s Country: Lord Delamere and the Making of Kenya
, vol. I:
1870–1914
, Chatto & Windus, London, 1953 (first published 1935), pp. 206–8.

142
Submission by Lord Delamere et al., n.d., NA, CO 533/33.

143
Elgin to James Sadler, 17 July 1906, NA, CO 533/14/21797, quoted in Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill
, p. 418.

144
‘Mr Churchill’s Tour’,
Manchester Dispatch
, 14 Jan. 1908, Broadwater Collection.

145
Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 4th Series, vol. 165, 22 Nov. 1906, col. 994.

146
WSC,
My African Journey
, pp. 34, 37, 39; C. E. Lawrence, ‘Mr Churchill’s Travels’ (review of My African Journey),
Daily Chronicle
, 30 Nov. 1908.

147
‘Old and New Africa’ (review of
My African Journey
),
Morning Leader
, 30 Nov. 1908, Broadwater Collection.

148
WSC to Lewis Harcourt, 13 Sept. 1911, Harcourt Papers, Dep. 462, ff. 231–3.

149
WSC to Edward VII, 27 Nov. 1907, CV II, part 2, p. 712.

150
WSC,
My African Journey
, p. 77.

151
Ibid., p. 40.

152
Ibid., p. 41.

153
Ibid., p. 27.

154
Speech of 18 Jan. 1908.

155
WSC,
My African Journey
, p. 75. For further early examples of this well-known rhetorical trope see Ronald Hyam, ‘Winston Churchill before 1914’,
Historical Journal
, 12 (1969), pp. 164–73, at 173.

156
‘Mr Churchill – Imperialist!’ (review of
My African Journey
),
Observer
, 6 Dec. 1908.

157
‘If Philosophers Were Kings: Mr Churchill in Africa’ (review of
My African Journey
),
Daily News
, 30 Nov. 1908.

158
WSC to J. A. Spender, 22 Dec. 1907, J. A. Spender Papers, MS 46388, ff. 220–1; Paul Addison,
Churchill on the Home Front, 1900–1955
, Pimlico, London, 1993 (first published by Jonathan Cape, 1992), p. 59.

159
Speech of 18 Jan. 1908.

160
Both cited in ‘Unpopularity of Mr Winston Churchill’,
Taranaki Herald
, 15 April 1908.

161
Elgin, draft letter of 29 April 1908, quoted in Hyam,
Elgin and Churchill
, p. 511.

162
Lord Elgin to Lord Crewe, [?] May 1908, CV II, part 2, p. 797.

163
WSC to Hopwood, 22 Oct. 1907, Hopwood Papers, Box 5.

164
Wilfrid Scawen Blunt,
My Diaries: Being a Personal Narrative of Events, 1888–1914: Part Two
[1900–14], Martin Secker, London, n.d., p. 283 (entry for 25 Nov. 1909).

165
WSC to Hopwood 3 Oct. 1907, Hopwood Papers, Box 5; WSC to Elgin, 4 Oct. 1907, CV I, part 2, p. 685.

166
Blunt,
My Diaries: Part Two
, p. 284 (entry for 25 Nov. 1909).

5. THE FATE OF AN EMPIRE

1
Speech of 27 Jan. 1922.

2
Edwin Montagu to WSC, 31 Jan. 1922 and Lord Reading to Montagu, 6 Feb. 1922, CV IV, part 3, pp. 1743–7, 1756–7.

3
‘Indians in Kenya: Mr Churchill’s Recent Statement’,
Madras Weekly Mail
, 9 Feb. 1922.

4
Speech of N. M. Samarth, Indian Legislative Assembly Debates, vol. II, no. 31, 9 Feb. 1922, p. 2319, copy in NA, CO 533/287; ‘Indians in Kenya: A Madras Protest’, and ‘Indians in Kenya: The Churchill Controversy’,
Madras Weekly Mail
, 16 Feb. 1922. See also ‘India’s Political Salvation’,
The Times
, 16 Feb. 1922. For the resolution on Indian equality – from which, unsurprisingly, the South African delegation dissented – see ‘Conference of Prime Ministers and representatives of the United Kingdom, the Dominions and India, held in June, July and August, 1921’, Cmd. 1474, 1921, p. 8.

5
Speech of 8 July 1920.

6
WSC, memorandum, 25 Oct. 1919, CV IV, part 2, p. 939.

7
Speech of 4 Sept. 1909.

8
WSC to J. C. Robertson, 27 Oct. 1922, CV IV, part 3, p. 2094.

9
Edward David (ed.),
Inside Asquith’s Cabinet: From the Diaries of Charles Hobhouse
, John Murray, London, 1977, p. 76 (entry for 7 March 1909).

10
WSC,
My African Journey
[first published by Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1908], CW, vol. I, p. 41.

11
Speech of 4 Sept. 1909.

12
‘Mr Winston Churchill: Barnardo Homes and the Problem of Boy Labour’,
Daily Chronicle
, 27 Nov. 1908.

13
Speech of 11 Oct. 1906.

14
WSC to H. H. Asquith, Dec. 1910, quoted in Paul Addison,
Churchill on the Home Front, 1900–1955
, Pimlico, London, 1993 (first published by Jonathan Cape, 1992), p. 125.

15
Wilfrid Scawen Blunt,
My Diaries: Being a Personal Narrative of Events, 1888–1914: Part Two
[1900–1914], p. 401 (entry for 21 Oct. 1912).

16
Lord Charles Beresford, ‘The Naval Outlook: Mr Churchill’s Promises and Performances’,
Empire Review
, 26, 154 (Nov. 1913), pp. 217–24.

17
Nicholas Lambert, ‘Economy or Empire? The Fleet Unit Concept and the Quest for Collective Security in the Pacific, 1909–14’, in Greg Kennedy and Keith Neilson (eds.),
Far-Flung Lines: Essays on Imperial Defence
, Frank Cass, London, 1997, pp. 55–83.

18
Ibid., pp. 70–1.

19
WSC to Lewis Harcourt, 29 Jan, 1912, Harcourt Papers, Dep. 468, ff. 113–20.

20
Speech of 15 May 1912. Although the
Complete Speeches
gives ‘guard and control’, it seems more likely that Churchill said ‘patrol’, as reported in ‘An Empire Navy’,
The Times
, 16 May 1912.

21
‘Rulers of the Sea’,
Evening Post
(New Zealand), 20 May 1912; ‘Canada and the Navy’, ‘Imperial Considerations First’, and ‘Mr Churchill and the Dominion Navies’,
The Times
, 20 May, 1912.

22
Sydney Morning Herald
, quoted in ‘Australia and Naval Defence’,
The Times
, 19 July 1912.

23
‘Mr Borden’s Position’,
The Times
, 4 July 1912.

24
‘Canada and Imperial Defence’,
The Times
, 6 July 1912.

25
WSC to R. L. Borden, 29 Aug. 1912, Asquith Papers, 24, ff. 164–5.

26
‘A Half-Century of Tribute’,
Globe
(Toronto), 6 Dec. 1912.

27
‘Winston Churchill Again Changes Mind’,
Ottawa Free Press
, 6 Dec. 1912.

28
‘Concerning that “Emergency” Discovered by Mr R. L. Borden’,
Toronto Daily Star
, 11 Jan. 1913.

29
‘Correspondence between the First Lord of the Admiralty and the Prime Minister of the Dominion of Canada’, Cd. 6689, HMSO, London, 1913.

30
F. B. Carvell, quoted in
Toronto Daily Star
, 11 March 1913.

31
Henry Emmerson, quoted in ‘Canada and Defence’,
Evening Post
(NZ), 13 March 1913, citing the Press Association.