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Authors: Odd Arne Westad

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Page 42
73. See Frederick C. Teiwes,
Politics and Purges in China
(2nd ed.); (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1993), 293-6. Selections from Mao's speeches to this crucial MAC meeting are in
Chinese Law and Government
(Winter 1968-69): 16-21;
Mao Zedong waijiao wenxuan,
318;
Mao Zedong junshi wenji,
vol. 6, 374-5.
74. Kapitsa interview; an indication of these problems may be found in the meetings in Moscow in June and July 1958 on future Soviet assistance to China; see, for instance, record of conversation, Vice Foreign Minister Kuznetsov-Zhang Weilu, July 11, 1958, and enclosed summary of Chinese requests, AVPRF, f. 0100, op. 51, pa. 431, d. 3, pp. 50-2.
75. Shi Zhe,
Zai lishi jüren shenbian,
572; see also "Memuari Nikiti Sergeevicha Khrushcheva" [Memoirs of Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev],
Voprosy istorii
2 (1993): 90-1.
76. Note from Chinese government to Soviet government, September 22, 1958, AVPRF, f. 0100, op. 51, pa. 431, d. 3, pp. 73-6; Mao Zedong to Zhou Enlai, October 11, 1958,
Jianguo yilai Mao Zedong wengao,
vol. 7,449-50; Mao speech, December 1959, ibid., vol. 8, 600; record of conversation, Iudin-Chen Yi, November 30, 1958, AVPRF, f. 0100, op. 51, pa. 432, d. 6, pp. 188-96; Soviet statements of September 7 and 19, 1958, in I. F. Kurdiukov et al., eds.,
Sovetsko-kitaiskie otnosheniia, 1917-1957: sbornik dokumentov
(Moscow: Vostochnoi literatury, 1959). See also Vladislav M. Zubok, "Khrushchev' s Nuclear Promise to Beijing during the 1958 Crisis,"
CWIHP Bulletin
6-7 (Winter 1995/1996): 219, 226-7. For a view underlining Soviet support for China during the crisis, see Mark Kramer, "The USSR Foreign Ministry's Appraisal of Sino-Soviet Relations on the Eve of the Split, September 1959,"
CWIHP Bulletin
6-7 (Winter 1995/1996), 170-85.
77. Kapitsa interview; author's interview with Khrushchev's foreign policy aide and later Soviet ambassador to China, Oleg Troyanovskii, Moscow, September 14, 1992 (hereafter Troyanovskii interview).
78. Mao's writings immediately before and during the 1959 Lushan meetings reveal how he linked his domestic problems with the Sino-Soviet relationship, see
Jianguo yilai Mao Zedong wengao,
vol. 8, 286-430; see also Teiwes,
Politics and Purges,
301-44.
79.
Jianguo yilai Mao Zedong wengao,
vol. 8, 368. Mao wrote this report and ordered it to be circulated on July 19 in response to a
cri de coeur
from the Chinese embassy in Moscow dated July 2. "Recently, some Russian cadres, especially those who work directly with us, have started commenting on our difficult situation. [They say that] the

 

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Chinese party has made mistakes. Some of our cadres begin to doubt or change their opinion when they listen to them." Chinese embassy, Moscow, to Foreign Ministry and CCP Central Committee, July 2, 1959,
Jianguo yilai Mao Zedong wengao,
vol. 8, 367.
80. The best survey of the Lushan conferences so far available is Li Rui,
Lushan huiyi shilu
[True record of the Lushan meetings] (Beijing: Chunqiu, 1989). See also Teiwes,
Politics and Purges,
306-35.
81. The Soviet Union on September 9 published a statement not giving support to either of the two sides, over the protest of the Chinese, who had been shown a draft of the statement; John Gittings,
Survey of the Sino-Soviet Dispute: A Commentary and Extracts from the Recent Polemics, 1963-1967
(London: Oxford University Press, 1968), 110-15; record of conversation, Khrushchev-Harriman, June 23, 1959,
Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS),
1958-1960, vol. 10, part 1, 277; Troianovskii interview.
82. The best survey of the Mao-Khrushchev meetings on September 30 and October 1 and 2, 1959, yet available is Chen Jian and Yang Kuisong, chapter 8 herein. See also Volkogonov,
Sem Vozhdei,
413-15. The Soviet records of the conversations, which are not yet declassified, are in APRF, f. 52, op. 1, d. 499, 1-33. See also Zimianin to Malin, October 16, 1959, AVPRF, f. 0100, op. 52, pa. 442, d. 5, pp. 52.
83. Mao Zedong notes, December 1959,
Jianguo yilai Mao Zedong wengao,
vol. 8, 599-603.
84. Roderick McFarquhar,
The Origins of the Cultural Revolution. Volume 2: The Great Leap Forward 1958-1960
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983), 293-8;
Hongqi,
April 16, 1960;
Sovietskaia Rossiia,
June 10, 1960.
85. Mao's instructions from information from Chinese historians; Mao Zedong notes, December 1959,
Jianguo yilai Mao Zedong wengao,
vol. 8, 602.
86. Peter Jones and Sian Kevill, comps.,
China and the Soviet Union, 1949-1984
(London: Longman, 1985), 19-20.
87. Ibid., 20. See also July 1963-SAPMO-BArch, pp. 128-30.
88. Memorandum of conversation, Chervonenko-Chen Yi, August 4, 1960, AVPRF, f. 0100, op. 53, pa. 454, d. 8, pp. 204-18.

 

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