After the Reich (122 page)

Stalingrad: battle of (1942-3); German prisoners

Stange, Wilhelm

Starbroke, Captain

Starke, Gerhard

Starlinger, Professor Wilhelm

Stasi (Ministry of State Security, East Germany)

Stauffenberg, Colonel Graf Claus Schenk von

Steel, Christopher

Steele, General Sir James

Steengracht von Moyland, Freiherr Gustav Adolf von

Stegerwald, Adam

Stein, Frau von (Lehnsdorff’s aunt)

Steiner, Frank

Steinhardt (assistant mayor of Vienna)

Stelzl, Johann

Stephens, Colonel Robin

Stern, James: on post-war fatalities; observes boys playing at bombing; on Americans’ behaviour in Germany; sees German destruction; on black market; hears Ledenfels play Beethoven at Auden’s house; on plunder by Moroccans; on feral children; on Schmorrell family; visits Prince Fugger von Glött; and German knowledge of atrocities; and
Fragebogen
; on prostitutes; gives chewing gum to children; on Polish DPs;
The Hidden Damage

Sternheim, Carl:
Der Snob

Stettin

Stevens, Major Richard H.

Steyr (motor manufacturer)

Stiegelmar family

Stiller, Obersturmführer

Stillfried, Major

Stimson, Henry L.

Stolp (Słupsk)

Stolz, Otto

Storm, Ruth

Strachey, John

Strang, Sir William (
later
Baron)

Stránský, Jaroslav

Strasbourg

Strauss, Emil Georg von

Strauss, Richard;
Die Metamorphosen

Streicher, Julius

Stremer Jewish Murder Case (Austria)

Stroop, Jürgen

Strüder, Dr (of Frankfurt)

Stuckart, Wilhelm

Stülpnagel, General Carl-Heinrich and Frau von

Stumm, Johannes

Stumpff, General Hans-Jürgen

Sturgkh, Graf Alfred

Stuttgart

Stutthof concentration camp

Styria

Sudetenland

Suhr, Otto

Suhrkamp, Peter

Sulzbach, Herbert

Summersby, Kay

Sunisch, Ernestine

Susmann, Herr (of Teupitz)

Svoboda, General Ludvik

Swabians (ethnic Germans in Hungary)

Sweet, Paul

Swinemünde

Switzerland: and Austrian territorial claims; responsible for German POWs

Szokoll, Major Carl;
Die Rettung Wiens

T-Force (British)

Talizy: ‘Antifa’ school

Taylor, A. J. P.

Taylor, Colonel Telford

Tedder, Marshal of the RAF Arthurt Baron

Tegel: airfield opened

Teheran Conference (1945)

Tempelhof (Berlin airfield): Howley visits

Templer, General Sir Gerald

Tetschen, Czechoslovakia

Thadden, Elisabeth von

Thadden-Trieglaff, Frau von

theatre: in Soviet zone; in American zone; in Vienna

Thekla, Leipzig

Theresienstadt concentration camp

Thibaut, Jacques

Thierack, Otto-Georg

Thiess, Franz

Third Man, The
(film)

Thomas, General Georg

Thomas, Captain Michael Alexander (
formerly
Ulrich Holländer )

Thomasdorf camp, Czechoslovakia

Thompson, Commodore C. R.

Thompson, Dorothy

Thon, Harry

Thorez, Maurice

Thuringia

Thurn und Taxis, Alexander, Prince

Thurn und Taxis, ‘Hansi’, Prince

Thurn und Taxis, Willy, Prince

Thyssen, Fritz

Tichy, Lieutenant

Tiessen, Heinz

Tietjen, Heinz

Tito, Josip Broz: friction with Soviet Russia; Stalin restrains; partisans in Carinthia; claims to Trieste; fights
domobranci
; summer palace; breach with Stalin

Tolbukhin, Marshal Fyodor Ivanovich

Tolomei, Ettore

Tomeš (Theresienstadt assistant commandant)

Toscanini, Arturo

Toynbee, Arnold

transit camps: in Silesia

treks: by refugees

Treuter, Dr Helmut

Trevor-Roper, Hugh;
The Last Days of Hitler

Trier

Trieste: British-Yugoslav dispute over; reverts to Italy

Trizonia (British-French-US zones)

Troller, Georg Stefan

Trotha, General Ivo Thilo von

Trott, Adam von

Truka (Czech Little Fortress guard)

Truman, Harry S.: accepts Russian occupation of Mecklenburg and Saxony; Churchill sends ‘iron curtain’ telegram to; wariness of Soviet Russia; Doctrine; and German art treasures; and Morgenthau’s isolation; and trial of German war criminals; agrees to fall back to Yalta-agreed line; and exclusion of French at Potsdam; at Potsdam Conference; relations with Russians; relations with Churchill; accepts Morgenthau’s resignation; demands complete disarmament of Germany; and Polish frontiers; meets Bevin; ends Lease-Lend; and South Tyrol; supports holding Berlin; and Berlin blockade and airlift; federal officials dismissed and resign

Truscott, General Lucien

Tsarskoe Selo: Amber Room

tuberculosis (TB)

Tübingen

Tulln, Austria

Tulpanov, Sergey I. (‘the Colonel’ or ‘the Tulip’)

Tunner, Major General

Turks: population transfer (1913)

Turnwald, Wilhelm

typhus

Tyrol;
see also
South Tyrol

Udet, Colonel-General Ernst

Ukraine: kulaks in

Ulbricht, Walter: arrives in Berlin; and land reform; encourages culture; denies Russian rapes; and founding of GDR; provokes riots in Berlin; in East German government

Ulitzka, Carl

Ullstein publishing family

Ullstein, Heinz

Ullstein, Hermann

Union of Independents (Austrian party)

United Europe Congress, The Hague (May 1948)

United Nations: Declaration upholding Atlantic Charter; Charter

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)

United States of America: policy on occupation and treatment of Germany; advance and occupation in western Europe; refuses to recognise Renner regime in Austria; rapes by soldiers; rejects Dönitz government; black soldiers in Germany and Austria; and discovery and liberation of concentration camps; post-war deaths in Germany; conflict with Russians in Berlin; administers zone in Berlin; food plenty in Berlin; attitude to occupied Berlin; Berliners’ attitude to; liberation of western Czechoslovakia; United States of America -
continued
and Czech expulsions; sends food parcels to Europe; seizes German scientists; favours Adenauer; desire to withdraw from Germany; advance on Vienna; in Austria; administration in Vienna; radio stations; Jews serve in army; propaganda campaign in Germany; denazification programme; ban on fraternising with Germans; and German art treasures; art plunder and pillaging; retrieves and preserves stolen treasures; treatment of German POWs; prisoner-of-war camps; interrogation and torture methods; trial and punishment of Nazi war criminals; conduct of war; and Dachau trial; Bulganin declares enemy; policy on Germany at Potsdam Conference; possesses atom bomb; drops atom bombs; hostility to Soviet Russia; and Berlin airlift; post-war dismissals and resignations;
see also
American zone

Unverzagt, Wilhelm

Upper Austria

Upper Silesia

uranium: mined in Erzgebirge

Üxküll-Gyllenbrand, Gräfin Alexandrine von

Vaihingen

Valchař (Czech Little Fortress guard)

Vansittart, Robert, Baron

Vassiltchikov, Princess Marie (‘Missie’)

Veesenmayer, Edmund

Veltheim, Hans-Hasso von

Veltheim, Otti von

venereal diseases

Venlo Incident (1939)

Vereinigung der Verfolgten des Naziregimes (VVN)

Vermehren, Isa

Versailles, Treaty of (1919)

Victoria, Princess

Victoria Louise, Princess (Duchess of Brunswick)

Vienna: partition and occupation; falls to Red Army; foreign workers in; looting; under Soviet occupation; women raped; cultural life; May Day parade (1945); destruction; housing; rationing and food supply; Western Allies advance on; zoned between Allies; concern for return to normality; administration under occupying powers; Soviet monument in; communist failure in 1945 election; lawlessness and banditry in; discussed at Potsdam Conference; food shortage in British sector; in severe winter (1946-7); blockade threatened;
see also
Austria

Vietinghoff, General Heinrich von

Vilfan, Josef

Villach, Carinthia

Vlasak Karel

Vlasov, General Andrei

Vogel, Hans

Voikova (Russian camp)

Voizard (governor of Tyrol-Vorarlberg)

Volga Germans

Volkspolizei (Vopos)

Volkswagen factory, Wolfsburg

Völpel, Gustav

Vom Ghetto zur Freiheit: Die Zukunft der Juden im befreiten Österreich
(pamphlet)

Vorarlberg

Voroshilov, Kliment Yefremovich

Vorys, John

Voss, Admiral Hans Erich

Vrša, Commandant

Vyshinsky, Andrei

Wabra, Dr Franz

Wagner, Franz

Wagner, Friedelind

Wagner, Hans

Wagner, Josef

Wagner, Richard

Wagner, Wieland

Wagner, Winifred; trial

Wagner, Wolfgang

Waite, Air Commodore Reginald Newnham

Wallenberg (village)

Wallenberg, Major Hans

Walser, Martin

Walter, Bruno

Wandel, Paul

Warlimont, General Walther

Warner, Major Frederick (born Manfred Werner)

Warsaw Uprising (1944)

Waterhouse, Ellis

Watt, Donald Cameron

Watzka, Maximilian

Watzke, Anton

Wechsberg, Joseph

Wedel, von (Prussian escapee)

Wedgwood, Colonel Josiah Clement (
later
1st Baron)

Weeks, General Sir Ronald

Wegener, Paul

Wegner, Franz

Weidling, General Helmuth

Weimar

Weimar, Grand Duchess of

Weinberger, Lois

Weinhand, Franz

Weis, Franz

Weisenborn, Günther;
Berliner Requiem

Weiss, Dany

Weiss, Grigori

Weiss, Martin

Weiss, ‘Uncle Toni’

‘Weisse Rose’ Movement

Weissenheim, Austria

Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich von

Weizsäcker, Ernst von

Weizsäcker, Richard von;
Vier Zeiten: Erinnerungen

Wellesz, Egon

Wells, Dr C. J. I.

Wendt, Erich

Wensich, Franz

Werewolves

Werl, near Dortmund

Werner, Dr Arthur

Werth, Alexander

Wesen, Hans

West, F. C.

West Germany
see
German Federal Republic

Western European Union

Wetzelsdorf, Austria

Weygand, General Maxime

White, Harry Dexter

Wichmann, Lily

Wiechert, Ernst

Wiesbaden

Wiesbaden Manifesto

Wieselmann, Flight Sergeant

Wiesenstein, Haus, Silesia

Wiesner (Czech camp commandant)

Wilhelm Gustloff
(ship)

Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands

Wilkinson, Colonel Alexander

Wilkinson, Peter

Willenbucher, Dr

William II, Kaiser

Williams, Charles:
Adenauer

Williams, Air Marshal Sir Thomas Melling

Wilson, Woodrow

Wilton Park, Buckinghamshire

Winchell, Walter

Winckelnkemper, Peter

Winterton, Major-General Sir John

Wirths (prisoner in Russia)

Wisliceny, Dieter

Witgenstein, Werner

Witzleben, Field Marshal Erwin von

Woermann, Ernst

Wolf, Markus

Wolff, Jeanette

Wolff, Karl

Wolfsberg, Austria

Wollin, Poland

Woman in Berlin, A
(anon.)

women: raped ; attracted to conquerors& n; commit suicide; clear Berlin rubble; and hairdressing; abused in Prague; work for Allies; as voters in Austrian election; dehumanisation of Jewish; and ban on fraternising; in Berlin elections

Worden, Blair

Württemberg

Würzburg

Wyand, Paul

Xavier, Prince of Bourbon-Parma

Yalta Conference (1945): Roosevelt attends; defines Allied zones; allocates former Teutonic regions to Poland; agrees deportation of Russian citizens; and use of German POWs as forced labour; and Polish boundaries; Truman promises to accept agreement; agreement on Ruhr reparations to Russia

Yorck, Marion, Gräfin

Ysenburg, Prince

Yugoslavia: dispute with Britain over Trieste; ethnic Germans expelled; claims part of Carinthia; vetoes Austria’s aid from UNRRA; nationals deported; threat to Venezia-Giulia; German POWs in; Stalin refuses to discuss at Potsdam; Soviet Russia backs demands for reparations

Yurasov, Vladimir

Zabern incident (1913)

Zaglauer (Austrian hangman)

Zahn, Werner

Zborowski, Helmut von

Zelder, Irene

Zelenka, Professor (of Prague)

Zerbst

Zetterberg, Frau

Zheltov, Colonel-General A. S.

Zhukov, Marshal Georgi Konstantinovich: in occupation of Berlin; at signing of German surrender; authorises formation of German anti-fascist parties; control in Berlin; protects Hauptmann; Patton disparages; and Soviet art; tells Stalin of Hitler’s suicide; and return of Russian POWs; protests at supposed British reserving of German army; and Allied agreement on Berlin; at Potsdam Conference; given US Legion of Merit; meets Clay; on Attlee at Potsdam Conference; on Polish border agreement; and Western arming of Germans

Ziemer, Gerhard:
Deutsche Exodus

Zimmermann (killer)

Zitzewitz, Elvira von

Zöberlein, Hans

Zuckmayer, Alice

Zuckmayer, Carl: and German awareness of moral bankruptcy; emigrates and flees to USA; sees destruction in Germany; on Werewolves; admires Russian contribution to arts; on German attitude to Americans; and revival of professional life; and German women’s attitude to German men; criticises US policy in Germany; reports on state of theatre and film; on Austrian culture; and German children’s behaviour; and success of
Neue Zeitung
; on German opponents of Hitler; on Jewish DPs; and German collective guilt; and denazification; witnesses food demonstration in Munich; advocates treating Germans with kindness; on black market; on man-in-street; on Polish theft of circus pig; on German ovens; on severe winter (1946-7);
Deutschlandbericht für das Kriegsministerium der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika
;
Der Hauptmann von Köpenick
;
Des Teufels General