After the Reich (121 page)

Pollack, James K.

Pollitzer (or Pollitt), E. H.

Pomerania: disease in; Soviet conquest and occupation of; Germans in; religious faith

Poncet (French adjutant)

Popławski, Jan-Ludwig

Portman, Sergeant

Postelberg (Postoloprty), Czechoslovakia

Potsdam: Garrison Church;

destruction and conditions;

Russians in

Potsdam Conference (1945): and policy on occupation; and situation in eastern Europe; and expulsion of Germans; and territorial allocations; Agreement; and German coal supply; and Austrian question; on feeding of Germans; Stalin’s dominance at; inter-Allied differences; France excluded; agenda; and Polish settlement; arrangements; on transfer of populations; assessed

Potter, Captain Merle

Prague: uprising (1945); Germans occupy (1939); German population; atrocities against Germans; Red Army in; torture in; coup (March 1948);
see also
Czechoslovakia

Praxmarer, Konrad

Preetorius, Emil

Priess, Hermann

Princip, Gavrilo

prisoners of war (POWs): German; in American camps; in British camps; in Belgium; tried and sentenced for war crimes; in French camps; in Russian camps; in Czechoslovakia, Poland and Yugoslavia; released; rights

Privalov, General Pjotr

Probst, Christoph

prostitution

Pruša, Alois and daughters

Prussia: suicides in; Adenauer and; ends as state;
see also
East Prussia

Pryce-Jones, Alan

publishing: in Soviet zone

Pulitzer, Joseph

Pünder, Hermann

Pust, Heinz

Puttkamer family

Puttkamer, Jesko von

Puttkamer, Robert von

Quadt-Isny, Eugen, Graf

Quebec Conference (1943)

Rabinovich, Leonid

radio

Radio in American Sector (RIAS)

Radio Liberty

Radley, Arthur

Raeder, Admiral Erich

Rahm, Karl

Ransbach

rape
see
women

Rath, Ernst vom

Rathenau, Walther

Rattenhuber, Johann

Rauschning, Hermann

Rave, Paul Ortwin

Ravensbrück concentration camp

Ravenstein, Lieutenant-General Hans von

Rawdon, Sergeant R.

Reber, Samuel

Reckzeh, Dr

Red Army: captures and occupies Vienna; rapes ; advance and behaviour in Europe; compared to American negroes; in occupation of Berlin; and liberation of Prague (1945); in Prague; behaviour in Czechoslovakia; in Königsberg; depredations in Silesia; looting in Austria;
see also
Soviet Russia

Red Cross

Red Orchestra

Rees, Goronwy

Regensburg

Rehrl, Josef

Reichskristallnacht (1938)

Reichskulturkammer (RKK)

Rein, Dr (prison doctor)

Reinhardt, Professor (conductor)

Reitlinger, Major

Reitsch, Hanna

Remagen

Rendulic, Colonel-General Lothar

Renner, Karl: heads post-war Austrian government; favours admitting German refugees to Austria; attacked by Podhragy; supports Anschluss; mistrusted by Western powers; and Charlemagne’s crown; resists confiscation of Zistersdorf oilfields; French attitude to; and South Tyrol

Rettig, Gerhard

Reuter, Ernst

Revers, General Georges

Reynaud, Paul

Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung
(newspaper)

Rheinberg camp

Rhine Meadow camps (POWs)

Rhineland: French claims on; liberated by Western Allies; in British zone; French development plans for

Rhineland-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen)

Ribbentrop, Joachim von

Richter, Hans Werner

Richter, Father Helmut

Richtrmoc (president of Society for Czech-German Friendship)

Riddleberger, James

Riedel, Claus

Riedel, Walter

Riess, Curt

Ripka, Hubert

Ritter, Karl

Roberts, Frank

Robertson, General Sir Brian

Robertson, Sir William

Robinson, Captain (USA)

Röhm, Ernst

Rohracher, Andreas, Archbishop of Salzburg

Rohrscheidt, Hans von

Rohwohlt, Ernst (publisher)

Roman Catholicism: in Poland

Romania: German community evicted

Rome, Treaty of (1957)

Rooks, Major-General Lowell

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano: anti-German views; drafts Atlantic Charter; restrains French ambitions; death; concessions to Stalin; and Polish borders; and transfer of German subjects; and denazification; favours shooting leading Nazis; at Yalta; and control of Königsberg; and division of world with Soviet Russia

Rosche, Dr

Rosenberg, Alfred

Rosensaft, Josef

Rosenzweig, Alfred

Rösner, Johann

Ross, A. D. M.

Rosterg, Sergeant Wolfgang

Rothenberger, Curt

Rothenstein camp, East Prussia

Rothschild family

Royall, General Kenneth

Rügen (island)

Rühmann, Heinz

Ruhr: Poles in; in British zone; Russian claims on; French claims on; coal production; administrative authority proposed; Germans given cue to decide future

Runciman, Waltert Viscount

Rundstedt, Field Marshal Gerd von

Russell, Bertrand

Russell of Liverpool, Edward Frederick Langley RussellBaron

S., Leni

Saar

Saaz, Czechoslovakia

Sachsen-Anhalt

Sachshausen concentration camp

Salomon family

Salomon, Ernst von: and local civil administration under occupation;
Wehrpass
destroyed by GI; on rapes by Americans; detained and mistreated by Americans; on POW treatment in France;
Der Fragebogen
(
The Answers
)

Salvator, Hubert

Salzburg; Festival

San Francisco Conference (1944)

Sargent, Sir Malcolm

satire: in Soviet zone

Sauckel, Fritz

Sauerbruch, Ferdinand

Sauken, General Dietrich von

Saxony

Sayn-Wittgenstein, Prinz zu
see
Franz, Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein

Schacht, Hjalmar

Schäffer, Fritz

Schärf, Adolf

Scharoun, Hans

Scharp (prisoner in Russia)

Schaumburg-Lippe family

Schell, Margarete

Schell, Peter, Baron von

Schellenberg, Walther

Scherber, Professor and Mrs

Schernstein, Herbert

Scheunemann, Wolfgang

Schicketanz, Franz

Schiffer, Eugen

Schilling, Klaus

Schirach, Baldur von

Schirach, Henrietta von

Schlabrendorff, Fabian von

Schlegelberger, Franz

Schleswig-Holstein

Schliemann, Heinrich: treasures from Troy

Schlüter, Andreas

Schmid, Carlo

Schmidt, Guido

Schmidt, Paul

Schmitt, Carl

Schmitt, Heinrich

Schmittlein, Raymond

Schmitz, Bruno

Schmitz, Richard

Schmorrell, Alexander

Schmorrell, Natascha

Schnabel, Peter Joseph

Schnabel, Wilhelm

Schnetzer, Max

Schnitzler, Arthur

Schnurre, Wolfdietrich

Schöbritz concentration camp, Czechoslovakia

Scholl, Hans and Sophie

Scholz, Willi

Schönburg-Waldenburg, Prince von
see
Günter, Prince von Schönburg-Waldenburg

Schöner, Josef: in liberated Vienna; on Mensdorff; on arrest of von Papen; on Austrian puppet government; and status of South Tyrol; attends concert; on rapes in Austria; and partition of Vienna; on Austrian soldiers’ support for Hitler; told of treatment of Czech Germans; on German refugees in Vienna;
Wiener Tagebuch 1944/1945

Schönerer, Georg von

Schöninger, Johann

Schörner, Field Marshal Ferdinand

Schramm, Percy

Schröder (Balt bandit)

Schröder, Louise

Schröder, Paul

Schubert, Franz

Schubert, Hans

Schubert (Schöninger’s assistant)

Schuh, Karl

Schulberg, Stuart

Schulenburg, Charlotte von der

Schulenburg, Fritz-Dietlof von der

Schulenburg, Jonny von der

Schulenburg, Mathias von der

Schulenburg, Tisa von der

Schumacher, Kurt

Schuman, Robert;
Pour l’Europe

Schumy, Vinzenz

Schuschnigg, Kurt von

Schuster, Claud

Schuze-Boysen, Harro

Schwarz, Joachim

Schwarzkopf, Elisabeth

Schweder, Bernhard

Schwerin von Krosigk, Graf Lutz

scientists: abducted by Russians; abducted by Americans; French remove; abducted by British

Scotland, Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Paterson

Seegebarth, Hauptmann Wilfried

Seghers, Anna

Seibert (of
Völkische Beobachter
)

Seidel, Anna

Seidl, Pater Joseph

Seitz, Karl

Selvester, Captain

Sely, Major Kaye (born Karl Seltz)

Semionov, Vladimir

Semler, Johannes

Senfft, Baron von

Serebriensky, Colonel

Serov, General I. A.

Severing, Karl

Seyss-Inquart, Arthur

Shabalin, General

SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force)

Short, Dewey

Siebken, Bernhard

Siegel, Dr E.

Sigmaringen

Silesia: Soviet conquest and occupation of; German population; religious repression in; concentration camps; Germans expelled from; turned over to Poles

Silkin, Sam

Simonov, Konstantin

Sinzig

Skrjabina, Elena

Slavs: Nazi disdain for

Slovenia

Smersh (Soviet Military Intelligence): and fall of Berlin; and protection of Berlin flak-tower treasures

smuggling: between zones

Smuts, Field Marshal Jan

soap

Sobelev, A. A.

Sobottka, Gustav

Socialist Party (SPD)

Socialist Unity Party (SED): formed; Grotewohl leads; and Berlin elections (1946); as ‘Russian party’; and future structure of Germany; attends People’s Congress, East Berlin 1948, 516; propaganda campaign against Westerners in Berlin; committed to Eastern orientation; violates Berlin town council; leaders summoned to Moscow

Sokolova, Natalia

Sokolovsky, Colonel-General V. D.: Clay likes; as assistant to Zhukov; attends Kommandatura; walks out of Control Council; and Berlin blockade and airlift; and Berlin mob riot; replaced by Chuikov

Solf, Hanna and Wilhelm

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander

Sombart, Nicolas

Sombart, Werner

Soswinski, Ludwig

Soucek Case (Austria, 1946) South Tyrol: status

Soviet Russia: ideology; allocated share of German territory and resources; European claims; advance against Germany; Western Allies refrain from attacking; post-war settlement of Austria; alliance with Britain; favours independent Austria; occupation of Vienna; recognises Renner’s regime in Austria; dismantles and confiscates German and Austrian industrial plant; Churchill’s post-war anxieties over; in Mecklenburg; administration amd dominance in Berlin; food supplies in Berlin; resists Western Allies’ presence in Berlin; conflict with Americans in Berlin; requisitions Berlin houses; Berliners’ dislike of; rumoured dispute with Western Allies; administrative structure in Germany; promotes arts in Berlin; Germans abducted to develop industry in; seizes German scientists; develops atomic bomb; claims on Ruhr; nationals repatriated from west; hostility to de Gaulle; occupation of Austria; plunders Austria; aims in Austria; opposes foreign aid to Austria; Austrian zone; atrocities in Styria; and return of Russian POWs; attempts to reclaim citizens in Austria; believes in German collective guilt; smuggling from; refugees in Germany; art plunder; destroys treaures in Berlin; looting; treatment of German POWs; and Nuremberg trials; antisemitism; suspicion of Western antagonism; at Potsdam Conference; treaty with France (1945); perceived as threat by West; differences with French; and Berlin election (May 1946); and spread of communism; US hostility to; Western suspicion of; and dissolution of wartime Allied coalition; proposes pan-German committees; and Austrian war guilt; kidnappings in Austria and Berlin; blockade in Berlin; obstructs creation of Western Germany; quits Conference of Foreign Ministers; cuts off Berlin milk supply; introduces new currency; violent tactics in Berlin; offers all-German government; abuses Anglo-Americans; maintains POW camps after creation of GDR; as post-war enemy; effects of war and settlement on;
see also
Red Army; Soviet zone

Soviet zone (Germany): created; administration and appointments; land reform in; money reintroduced; smuggling and corruption in; pillaging; elections (October 1946); illicit crossing of border from West; police force purged and reconstituted; rail travel in; concentration camps (Spetzlager); culture in; releases minor Nazis

Spaatz, General Carl

Spann, Rafael

Speer, Albert: in Dönitz government; resigns; searched; transferred to Spandau; and Berlin Chancellery; on drunken British guard; capture, trial and interrogation; and Nuremberg executions; use of slave labour; in severe winter 1946-7, on Berlin airlift; in detention;
Spandau: The Secret Diaries

Speer, Margarete

Spiegel, Der
(magazine)

Spiel, Hilde

Sprang (prisoner in Russia)

Spranger, Eduard

Springer, Axel

Stack, Brigadier Robert

Stahlberg, Werner

Stahmer, Otto

Stalin, Josef V.: military successes; on Poland and Baltic states; territorial claims in Europe; relations with Western Allies; Roosevelt makes concessions to; policy on Austria; condones rape by Red Army; on treatment of Austria; reinstates Renner as chancellor in Austria; opposes Dönitz government; and domination of Berlin; rumoured anti-British speech; and administration of Russian zone; and Red Army behaviour in Austria; agrees to feed Viennese population; forms buffer zone to satellite states; and Hitler’s suicide; and plundered art in Germany; conduct of war; at Potsdam Conference; discusses UN Charter; and French; and Polish settlement; Western Allies mistrust; demands part of German fleet at Potsdam; on Attlee; on custody of war criminals; avoids further war; Byrnes and; and beginnings of Cold War; and CFM in London 1947, 509; breach with Tito; favours German unity; and founding of GDR; obstructs creation of West Germany; and Berlin blockade; offers to lift Berlin blockade for free circulation of currencies; offers armed and unified Germany to Adenauer; achieves Soviet security