Vaccinated (31 page)

I
wish to thank Thomas J. Kelleher, senior editor, Smithsonian Books, for his superb editing, humor, and patience; Andrew Zack, for his unfailing belief in and support of this project; Bojana Ristich, for her lessons on style, form, and logic; Nina Long, for her guidance through the Wistar Institute's archival material; David Rose, for his knowledge of the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation archives; and Alan Cohen, Brian Fisher, Peggy Flynn, Frank Hoke, Jason Kim, Kenyetta McDonald, Peggy McGratty, Donald Mitchell, Bonnie Offit, Jason Schwartz, Michael Smith, Kirsten Thistle, Amy Wilen, Allison Wahl, and Theo Zaoutis for their careful reading of the manuscript and their helpful suggestions and criticisms.

I would also like to thank Arthur Allen, Robert Austrian, Art Caplan, Mark Feinberg, Penny Heaton, Leonard Hayflick, Jeryl Hilleman, Kirsten Hilleman, Lorraine Hilleman, Samuel Katz, Barbara Kuter, Margaret Liu, Adel Mahmoud, Charlotte Moser, Walter Orenstein, Bert Peltier, Georges Peter, Amy Pisani, Susan Plotkin, Stanley Plotkin, Phil Provost, Adam Ratner, Lance Rodewald, William Schaffner, Anne Schuchat, Keerti Shah, Joan Staub, Walter Strauss, Roy Vagelos, Robert Weibel, David Weiner, Jeffrey Weiser, and Deborah Wexler for their recollections of Maurice Hilleman or their expertise on the science or history of vaccines.

abortion

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

(AIDS)

Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry

aging

AIDS and the Doctors of Death

Albert B. Sabin Lifetime Achievement

Award

Alexander, Jennifer

Altman, Lawrence

American Academy of Pediatrics

American Medical Association

American Nurses' Association

American Philosophical Society

American Public Health Association

And the Band Played On

Andrewes, Christopher

animal cells, in vaccine manufacture

See also
specific animals

animalcules

anthrax

antibiotics

antibodies

antitoxin, diphtheria

antivaccine activism

Aries Rising Press

Armed Forces Epidemiological Board

Armstrong, Louis

Asian flu

Atomic Energy Commission

Australia antigen

Austrian, Charles Robert

Austrian, Robert

autism controversy

 

bacteria, distinguished from viruses

bacterial infection

See also
specific infection

Baker, John

Barr, Richard

Barry, Anita

Beijerinck, Martinus

Bell Telephone Laboratories

Bell, Joe

Benoit strain

Berlin Wall

bioethical issues.
See
fetal tissue

bird flu.
See
influenza

birth defects

Blair, Mrs. William McCormick

Blair, Tony

blood

in AIDS

in vaccine development

Blumberg, Baruch

Bookchin, Debbie

Boston Children's Hospital

Boston Lying-In Hospital

Boston Public Library

Boyer, Herbert

Bradley, Ed

Bristol Award

Brown, Harold

Buchenwald

Buchta, Richard

Burmeister, Ben

Burnet, Macfarlane

Burns, Ken

Burton, Dan

Buynak, Eugene

 

Calment, Jeanne

cancer

cervical

in chickens

genetic studies in

hepatitis B and

immortality of cells

vaccine for

viruses and

Cantwell, Art Jr.

Caplan, Art

Carbone, Michele

Carrel, Alexis

Catholic Church

cats, leukemia in

Cell Associates

cell culture, in vaccine development

cell doubling

Center for Bioethics, University of

Pennsylvania

Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention

cereal, radioactive

cervical cancer

Charles, Ray

Chemie Grünenthal

Cherokee language

Chi-Chi's restaurants

chick embryos, in vaccine development

chickens

bacterial infection in

cancer in

disease-free

leukemia in

source of bird flu

chickenpox vaccine for

children mentally retarded, vaccine trials in

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,

chlamydia, Hilleman's research in

cholera

Christian Science Church

Clinton Farms for Women

Clinton, Bill

Clinton, Hillary

Cohen, Stanley

Collingwood, Charles

Columbia University College of

Physicians and Surgeons

Columbia University School of Public

Health

Columbus, Christopher

common cold

Cook, Jeffrey

Coolidge, Calvin

Cooper, Louis

Corning Ware

cortisone

cowpox

Crawford, Cindy

Cromwell, Oliver

Cruetzfeldt-Jakob disease

Cryptococcus

Curie, Marie

Curtis, Tom

Cutter Laboratories

 

Dane, D.S.

Daniel, Charles

Darwin, Charles

DeBakey, Michael

Deer, Brian

Deinhardt, Friedrich

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

diphtheria

Division of Biologics Standards

Domagk, Gerhard

Donaldson, Liam

Douglas, Gordon

Down syndrome

Dugas, Gaetan

Dulbecco, Renato

 

Ebola virus

eclampsia

Edmonston, David

Edwards, Anthony

eggs

Einstein, Albert

Eisenhower, Dwight

electron microscopy

elephantiasis

Eli Lilly

encephalitis

Enders, John

Epidemic Intelligence Service

Escherichia coli,

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

(EDTA)

Evidence of Harm,

 

Family Research Council

Faubus, Orval

Fauci, Anthony

Faulkner, William

Fay School

federal government, and vaccine licensing

Fernald School

fetal tissue

Fibiger, Johannes

Fleming, Alexander

flesh-eating bacteria

Florey, Howard

flu.
See
influenza

Flutie, Doug

formaldehyde, in vaccine development,

fowlpox

Fox Chase Cancer Center

Francis, Thomas

Franklin, Benjamin

 

Gallo, Robert

gamma globulin, with measles vaccine

Gard, Sven

Gates, Bill and Melinda

Gelmo, Paul

Genentech

genetic engineering

genetics, and disease

Gerberding, Julie

germ theory of disease

German measles.
See
rubella

GlaxoSmithKline

Global Alliance for Vaccines and

Immunizations

gold miners, pneumonia in

Goodpasture, Ernest

Great Ormond Street Hospital

green onions

Green, Ernest

Gregg, Norman McAlister

Gross, Ludwik

Haemophilus influenzae
type b

 

Hahn, Beatrice

Hamilton-Ayers, Michele

Hammond, Jack

Harding, Warren

Harrison, George

Harvard Medical School

Hayflick limit

Hayflick, Leonard

hemagglutinin

hemoglobin S

hepatitis B

hepatitis

vaccine for

Hepatitis B: The Hunt for a Killer

Virus

herpesvirus

Hilleman, Anna

Hilleman, Edith

Hilleman, Elsie

Hilleman, Gustave

Hilleman, Harold

Hilleman, Howard

Hilleman, Jeryl Lynn

Hilleman, Kirsten

Hilleman, Lorraine

Hilleman, Maureen

Hilleman, Maurice

and autism controversy

awards and honors

and cancer vaccine

and chickenpox vaccine

and common cold research

early life and education

family life

farming experience

and
Haemophilus influenzae
type b vaccine and hepatitis vaccine

and influenza vaccine

and interferon research

and Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine

management style of

and measles vaccine

and mumps vaccine

and MMR vaccine

obscurity of

old age and death

and pneumococcal vaccine

and polio vaccine

research predecessors

and rubella vaccine

Hilleman, Norman

Hilleman, Richard

Hilleman, Robert

Hilleman, Thelma

Hilleman, Victor

Hilleman, Walter

Hippocrates

Hippocratic Oath

Hiroshima

Hirst, George

Hong Kong, bird flu in

Hooper, Edward

Hoover, Herbert

Horstmann, Dorothy

Horton, Richard

House Committee on Government

Reform

Hubbard Farms

Hughes, Walte

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

human papillomavirus (HPV)

Hunter, John

hydrocephalus

 

Iditarod dogsled race

immune response

Imus, Don

Infectious Diseases Society of America

influenza

Asian

bird

vaccine for

in wars

Influenza Commission

Ingalls, Theodore

Institute of Medicine

insulin

interferon

Isaacs, Alick

 

Japanese encephalitis virus

Jenner, Edward

John Howland Award

Johns Hopkins Hospital

Johns Hopkins School of Public Health

 

Kaposi's sarcoma

Karolinska Institute

Katz, Sam

Kennedy, John F.

Kennedy, Robert Jr.

Kennedy, Robert

Kennedy, Rosemary

Kerry, John

Kerry, Roy Eugene

Kesey, Ken

kidneys, in measles research

Kimber Farms

Kimber, John

Kirby, David

Kiryas Joel Institute of Medicine

Koch, Robert

Kolmer, John

Koprowski, Hilary

Krüger, Johannes

Krugman, Saul

Krugman, Sylvia

kuru

 

Lamoreux, W. F.

Lancet

Langmuir, Alexander

Lasker Award

Lasker, Albert

Lasker, Mary

Lederle Laboratories

leukemia

Levin, Myron

Lewis, Sinclair

Lieberman, Joe

Liepmann, Hans

Lindenmann, Jean

Lister, F. Spencer

Little Rock Central High School

Liu, Margaret

liver cancer

Long, Perrin

lymphoma

Lynch, Marie

 

MacLeod, Colin

mad cow disease

Mahan, Edna

Mahmoud, Adel

Mankiller, Wilma

Mann, William

March of Dimes

Marek's disease

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Mayo Clinic

McCullough, David

McNeill, William measles

vaccine for

Medical College of Virginia

Medical Research Council (Britain)

Meet the Press

Meister, Joseph

melanoma

meningococcus

Merck Institute for Vaccinology,

Merck Research Laboratories

Merck, George

mercury

mercury-binding therapy

Merna Owens Home

Metropolitan Opera

Mexico

Meyer, Harry

mice

microscopy

Mill Hill Laboratories

Milovanovic, Milan

Mink, Patsy

MMR vaccine

Moniz, Egas

monkeys, in vaccine development

Moody, James A

Moraten strain of measles vaccine

mouse embryo, in vaccine development

mumps

Hilleman's research in

vaccine for

Murch, Simon

Murrow, Edward R

myelin basic protein

 

Nadama, Tariq

National Abstinence Clearinghouse

National Academy of Sciences

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Cancer Institute

National Catholic Bioethics Center

National Conference of Catholic Bishops

National Humanities Medal

National Institute of Allergy and

Infectious Diseases

National Institutes of Health

National Medal of Science

National Millennium Time Capsule

National Zoo

Native Americans, smallpox in

Nelmes, Sarah

New England Journal of Medicine

New Hampshire chicken

New York Blood Center

New York Times

New York University

Newton, Isaac

Nobel Prize

Nobel, Alfred

Norrby, Erling

Novartis

 

Oka strain

O'Leary, John

Osaka University

Osler, William

Oxford University

pandemic

AIDS

influenza

 

prediction of

parental consent

Parkman, Paul

Pasteur, Louis

Peebles, Thomas

Peltier, Bert

penicillin

pepsin

Perkins, Tony

pertussis.
See
whooping cough

Petri, Julius

Phipps, James

placentas, in measles research

Planned Parenthood

plasmids

Pliny the Elder

Plotkin, Stanley

pneumococcal pneumonia

Pneumocystis,

polio

vaccine for

Polk State School

Pollock, Jackson

polymerase chain reaction

polymerase

polysaccharides

Pope Benedict

Prenshaw, Peggy

Presbyterian St. Luke's Hospital

Presidential Medal of Freedom

Price, Winston

Prince, Alfred

prions

prison, measles vaccine development at

protein polymorphisms

Provost, Phil

Public Health Research Institute

 

Quaker Oats Company

 

rabbits, in vaccine development

rabies

Radetsky, Peter

radioactive cereal

Ramon, Gaston

range paralysis

Ratzinger, Cardinal Joseph (Pope

Benedict

Reagan, Ronald

recombinant DNA technology

Reid, Duncan

Reinke, Harrison retroviruses

Rh factor

Ricketts, Howard Taylor

Ricketts, Myra Tubbs

Rickettsia rickettsii,

Rivera, Geraldo

Robbins, Frederick

Robert Koch Gold Medal

Rockefeller Institute

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Rolling Stone,

Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad

Roosevelt, Eleanor

rotavirus

Rous, Peyton

Roux, Emile

Royal Free Hospital

Royal Society of London