The Longest August (75 page)

3
. Cited in Dilip Hiro,
The Timeline History of India
(New York: Barnes & Noble, 2006), 261.

4
. Cited by Ye Zhengjia, “Clearing the Atmosphere,”
Frontline
(Chennai), October 10–23, 1998, citing Major-General Lei Yingfu,
My Days as a Military Staff in the Supreme Command
(in Chinese) (Nanchang: Baihuazhou Culture and Arts, 1997), 210.

5
. “Simla Agreement, July 2, 1972,”
http://www.jammu-kashmir.com/documents/simla.html
.

6
. Muhammad Zia ul Haq missed the irony of using the term “peanuts”: Jimmy Carter was a peanut farmer before being elected governor of Georgia in 1970.

7
. Adrian Levy and Catherine Scott-Clark,
Deception: Pakistan, the United States and the Secret Trade in Nuclear Weapons
(New York: Walker & Company, 2007), 104–105.

8
. Ibid., 106.

9
. Ibid., 151.

10
. T. V. Paul, “The Systemic Bases of India's Challenge to the Global Nuclear Order,”
Nonproliferation Review
(Fall 1998).

11
. Rai Muhammad Saleh Azam, “When Mountains Move—The Story of Chagai,”
Defence Journal
(June 2000).

12
. Pamela Philipose, “The Symbol of Pakistan,”
Indian Express
, February 22, 1999.

13
. “Lahore Declaration,”
http://www.nti.org/treaties-and-regimes/lahore-declaration
. The Indian and Pakistani foreign secretaries had prepared the draft of this agreement a month earlier.

14
. “Pakistan Warns of Kashmir War Risk,” BBC World, June 23, 1999.

15
. Steve Coll, “The Stand-Off: How Jihadi Groups Helped Provoke the Twenty-First Century's First Nuclear Crisis,”
New Yorker
, February 13, 2006.

16
. The remainder of the pre-1947 Jammu and Kashmir was controlled by China.

17
. Jyoti Malhotra, “Kashmir: Is Solution in Sight?,” December 7, 2006, BBC News.

18
. Kenneth J. Cooper, “India, Pakistan Kindle Hope for Peace,”
Washington Post
, February 21, 1999.

19
. “Literacy in India,” Census of India 2011,
http://www.census2011.co.in/literacy.php
.

20
. “Pakistan Ranks 180 in Literacy: UNESCO,”
Pakistan Today
, December 4, 2013.

epilogue

1
. Saba Imtiaz, “Fishermen Cross an Imperceptible Line into Enemy Waters,”
New York Times
, August 24, 2014. Between 2008 and 2013, India had released 353 Pakistani fishermen.

2
. Hilary Whiteman and Harmeet Shah Singh, “India, Pakistan Leaders Meet, Signal Steps to Rebuild Trust,” CNN, May 27, 2014.

3
. Hari Kumar, “Premier Denounces Pakistan for ‘Proxy War,'”
New York Times
, August 12, 2014.

4
. Ibid.; “Narendra Modi Accuses Pakistan of Waging Proxy War in Kashmir,”
Guardian
(London), August 12, 2014.

5
. Biplob Ghosal, “Geelani Meets Pakistani High Commissioner, Says India's Decision to Cancel Talks ‘Childish,'” Zee Media Bureau, August 19, 2014,
http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation /geelani-meets-pakistani-high-commissioner-says-indias-decision-to-cancel-talks-childish_955441 .html
.

6
. “Pakistan Says It Is ‘Not Subservient' to India,”
Times of India
, August 19, 2014.

7
. Sachin Prashar, “Nawaz Sharif Seeks to Sweeten India-Pakistan Ties with Mangoes to Narendra Modi,”
Times of India
, September 5, 2014.

8
. “Pakistan Can't Draw Veil over Kashmir Issue: PM,”
Daily Times
(Lahore), September 27, 2014.

9
. Chidanand Rajghatta, “At UN General Assembly, PM Narendra Modi Rebukes Pakistan for Its Kashmir Obsession,”
Times of India
, September 27, 2014.

10
. “Time for ‘New Beginning' in Bilateral Ties: Pakistani High Commissioner to India,”
Express Tribune
(Karachi), September 11, 2014.

11
. Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), “India-Pakistan Auto Makers Ink Co-operation Agreement, August 27, 2014,”
http://indiapakistantrade.org/recent Developments.html#automakers
.

12
. Jon Boone and Rupam Jain, “Indians to Get Peek into Daily Lives of Pakistanis with New Soap Opera Channel,”
Guardian
(London), June 23, 2014.

13
. Nandini Sharma, “Gear Up for Two New Shows on Zindagi,”
Business Insider
, July 12, 2014.

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Index

Aatish-e-Chinar
,
176

A B Bofor,
267

Abbas, Chaudhury Muhammad,
176

Abbas, Ghulam
112

Abbottabad,
118
,
119
,
387

ABC News (US),
384
,
385

Abdullah, Farooq,
277
,
279

Abdullah, Shaikh Muhammad,
112
,
178
,
181
,
277

and Ayub Khan, Muhammad,
176

and Bangladesh War,
227

and Gandhi, Indira,
228

and Jinnah, Muhammad Ali,
113
,
116

and Nehru, Jawaharlal,
112
,
116
,
151
,
176

and Pakistan,
153
,
176
,
359

and plebiscite,
177

and Singh, Sir Hari,
113
,
116
,
121

and Zhou Enlai,
177

as Chief Administrator,
123

as Chief Minister,
228

as Prime Minister,
130
,
142

biography and character of,
112–113

imprisonment of,
143
,
150
,
153
,
178

trail of,
153
,
174–175

Abdullah, Shiraz,
47

Abdullah Abdullah,
385

Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz (Saudi Crown Prince),
289
,
385

Abraham (Prophet),
4

Abraham Lincoln
(US warship),
303

Abu Dhabi,
305

A Case of Exploding Mangoes
,
262

Acharaya, Krishna,
399

Achin,
392

Addu City,
362

Advani, Lal Krishna,
314
,
315
,
325–326

Afghan Mujahedin,
238
,
241
,
252–253

Afghan-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation,
238

Afghan Taliban,
see
Taliban

Afghanistan and Afghans,
4
,
5
,
299
,
369
,
422

and Britain,
369

and Carter, Jimmy,
237
,
326

and India,
238–239
,
359
,
371
,
372–373
,
374
,
375–376
,
377
,
378
,
381–382
,
383
,
384
,
385–386
,
387
,
390
,
391
,
392–393
,
422

and North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO),
379

and Pakistan,
238
,
370–371
,
372
,
374
,
375–376
,
377
,
378
,
380–381
,
384
,
386–387
,
389
,
390
,
416
,
422

and Russia,
372

and Soviet Union,
238
,
253
,
258
,
370–371
,
372

and Taliban,
372
,
385
,
386
,
390
,
391
,
392

and United Nations,
375

and United States,
237
,
252
,
316
,
326
,
359
,
372
,
375
,
376
,
383
,
385
,
387

civil war in,
372

Marxist coup in,
237–238
,
368
,
371

Afridi, Aleem,
217

Afridi, Shahid,
403

Afridi tribe,
118

Afzal, Muhammad,
321

Aga Khan,
6

Agra,
213
,
309
,
314
,
369
,
428

Agreement on Prohibition of Attacks Against Nuclear Installations and Facilities (India-Pakistan),
266
,
323
,
425

Agreement on Strategic Partnership between India and Islamic Republic of Afghanistan,
388–389

Ahmad, Aziz,
194

Ahmad, Fakhruddin Ali,
232

Ahmad, Qazi Hussein,
292

Ahmad Khan, Munir,
190
,
222
,
244
,
423

Ahmadis,
229

Ahmed, Imtiaz,
264

Ahmed, Ishaq,
285

Ahmed, Khwaja Ihsan,
293

Ahmed, Mahmood,
299
,
304
,
305
,
306
,
316
,
317
,
319

Ahmed, Shamshad,
290

Ahmedabad,
17
,
21
,
23
,
36
,
85

Ahmedabad Mill Owners Association (AMOA),
21–22

Ahmedabad Textile Labor Association,
23

Aichison's Treaties,
160

Aibak, Qutbuddin,
413

Air India,
374

Ajmer,
363

Akal Fauj,
100

Akali Dal,
252

Akali Party,
79

Akbar (Emperor),
397

Akbar, Saad,
140–141

Akbar, Zahid Ali,
230

Akhnoor,
179
,
181
,
183
,
184
,
328

Akhtar, Farhan,
302

Akhtar, Javed,
301
,
302

Akram, Malik Muhammad,
367

Aksai Chin,
154
,
160
,
165
,
167

Al Furqan,
337

al Libi, Abu Faraj,
338

al Nahyan, Shaikh Zayed bin Sultan,
305

Al Qaida,
304
,
310
,
316
,
317
,
322
,
338
,
348
,
363
,
373
,
382
,
384
,
385
,
387
,
390

Al Zulfikar,
261

Alexander, Albert Victor,
79

Algiers,
177

Ali, Chaudhry Zulfikar,
267

Ali, Muhammad Akbar,
234

Ali, Chaudhri Muhammad,
119
,
129
,
147

Ali, Asaf,
85
,
113
,
124

Ali, Syed Ajmad,
148

Ali, Choudhry Rahmat,
56–57

Ali, Shaukat,
28
,
29
,
30
,
31
,
32
,
42–43

Ali Brothers,
27–28
,
29–30
,
35
,
38

Ali Khan, Liaquat,
58
,
85
,
87
,
93
,
94
,
96
,
98
,
105
,
115
,
130
,
303

and China,
138

and Kashmir,
115
,
116
,
117
,
119
,
122
,
123
,
124
,
133
,
142
,
416–417

and Nehru, Jawaharlal,
132
,
133
,
138
,
139–140

and United States,
138

assassination of,
140–141
,
417

biography and character of,
31–32

All India Congress Committee (AICC),
53
,
60
,
70
,
71
,
76
,
81
,
88
,
97

All India Cow Protection Organization,
42

All India Hindu Mahasabha,
see
Hindu Mahasabha

All India Khilafat Conferences,
26
,
27
,
29
,
30

All India Muslim League,
see
Muslim League

All India Sikh Students Federation,
252

All India Trade Union Congress,
23

Allama, Ghulam Ali,
88

All Parties Conference,
44

All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC),
277
,
314
,
342
,
349

All Tripura Tiger Force,
197

Alling, Paul H.,
110

Almaty,
330

Almelo,
231

Ambassador's Journal
,
170

Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji,
54
,
67

America and Americans,
see
United States

Amjad, Syed Muhammad,
312

Amin, Hafizullah,
238

Amin, Nurul,
139
,
210

Amin, Roya,
393

Amman,
257

Amnesty International,
277

Amritsar,
24
,
25
,
26
,
40
,
248
,
249
,
256
,
423

Amsterdam,
231

An Outsider Everywhere: Revelations of an Insider
,
223

Anada Math
,
64

Anarkali,
397

Anderson, Jack,
212

Anglo-Indians,
51

Ankara,
384

Annan, Kofi,
313

“Ansar,”
276

Ansari, Maulavi Abbas,
339

Ansari, Mukhtar Ahmad,
30
,
34

Antony, Arackaparanibil Kurien,
356
,
366

Anwar, Khurshid,
117–118
,
119
,
129–121

ARD (Germany),
384
,
385

Ariana Afghan Airlines,
374

Armed Forces (Jammu and Kashmir) Special Powers Act (AFJKSP),
275–276

Armitage, Richard,
316
,
324

Arthashastra
,
370

Arya Samaj,
29
,
40
,
41

Aryub Zazai,
380

Asian Games,
247

Asiatic Registration Bill,
12
,
14
,
15

Asif, Akbar,
397

Asif, Irfan,
398

Asif, Karimuddin,
397

Asif, Muhammad Azam,
301

Aslam, Ihsan,
302

Assam,
159

Associated Press of India,
117

Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal,
40

Atlantic Charter,
69

Attari,
303
,
403
,
409
,
410

Attenborough, Richard,
25
,
49
,
106

Attlee, Clement,
74
,
76
,
77
,
79
,
87
,
90
,
91
,
94
,
110
,
113
,
125
,
416

Atwal, Avtar Singh,
248

Auchinleck, Sir Claude,
77
,
100
,
122
,
125

Aurora, Jagjit Singh,
209
,
214
,
215

Australia,
18
,
152
,
155
,
417

Austro-Hungarian Empire,
11

Awami League (Pakistan),
147
,
196
,
198
,
199
,
201
,
202
,
222

Awara
(movie),
396

Axis Powers,
69
,
75

Ayni Air Base,
372

Ayodhya,
272
,
281

Ayub Khan, Gohar,
288

Ayub Khan, Muhammad,
146
,
345
,
417
,
428
,
430

and Abdullah, Shaikh Muhammad,
176

and Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali,
221
,
179
,
180
,
188
,
294

and China,
188

and India,
396
,
419

and India-Pakistan War (1965),
185
,
187
,
189–190
,
420

and Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI),
197

and Kashmir,
155
,
156–157
,
170
,
173
,
179
,
180
,
185
,
196
,
418

and Kennedy, John F.,
171
,
174

and Mao Zedong,
188

and Nehru, Jawaharlal,
154
,
155–57
,
166
,
170–171
,
176
,
417–418

and Operation Desert Hawk,
179

and Operation Gibraltar,
182–183

and Operation Grand Slam,
179
,
183

and Shastri, Lal Bahadur,
174
,
179
,
194

and Soviet Union,
187–188
,
191–192

and Tashkent Declaration,
195

as Chief Martial Law Administrator,
149

as Deputy Prime Minister,
210

as President,
149
,
153–154
,
155–157
,
233

biography and character of,
156

resignation of,
196
,
420

Azad, Maulana Abdul Kalam Muhiyuddin Ahmed,
48
,
68
,
72
,
74
,
75
,
78
,
79
,
80
,
97
,
126