The Discovery of France (57 page)

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botanizing tourists: Ferrand (1903), 109.

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Bearnese pedlars in Spain: Hufton, 89.

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pretend to be pilgrims: Babeau (1894), II, 103; Hufton, 125; cf. Manier, 35.

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Deceit ... a speciality: Fontaine, 107; Hufton, 83–4; P. Roux, 211.

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Smuggling . . . Nice: Pachoud, XLIII, 312.

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Catalans and Roussillonnais: Hufton, 298–300.

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pretending to be pregnant: McPhee (1992), 23.

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More than twelve thousand: Hufton, 291.

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‘Eggs, bacon, poultry’: Pinkney, 33.

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‘
maisons de lait
’: Martin and Martenot, 489–90.

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closer ties with Spain: Duroux; P. Girardin, 447; also A. Legoyt, in
Les Français, Province,
II, 214; Moch; Raison-Jourde (1976), 187–8.

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‘improving an uncultivated corner’: Balzac, IX, 407.

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‘And so, dear friend’: Fontaine, 26.

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oil-, soap- and perfume factories: Audiganne, II, 242–3.

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law on child labour (1840): e.g. Simon, 50; Bouvier, 56; A. Fremy, in
Les Français, Province,
I.

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articles de Paris
: Larousse, VIII, 726.

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‘He stopped in a little square’: Balzac, IV, 29–30.

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insulated from the lands: Weber, 43.

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Bureau of Wet-Nurses: Kock, I, 7–16; Sussman.

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Saint-Oradoux: Clément, 7.

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starving cobblers: Hufton, 97.

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Poor regions like the Vercors: Planhol, 390–91.

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apprentice’s Tour de France: Arnaud; Perdiguier (1854 and 1863); also Ménétra; Planhol, 288–89.

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‘Route of the Tour de France’: Arnaud, 12–16.

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laws and regulations: Malepeyre.

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three out of every four Compagnons: Arnaud, 295.

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the gruelling journey: Nadaud, 24–39; Tindall. Other details from Cavaillès, 161; Girault de Saint-Fargeau; Grandsire (1863); L. D. M.; Murray; Orlov, I, 24; Peuchet, ‘Creuse’, 23; Raison-Jourde (1976), 84–5; Sand (1844), 45; Sand (1856), VIII, 6.

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peasant ... to Poitiers: Gazier, 1879, 70.

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coucous
: Duckett, XVII, 405; Larousse, V, 290.

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‘Encore un pour Sceaux!’: Jubinal, 317.

I
NTERLUDE

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smuggler dogs of Peronne: Lavallée, V, ‘Somme’, 23–4; cf. V. Gaillard, in
Les Français, Province,
II, 58. The dogs were ‘bergers picards’, not directly related to the later breed of that name.

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nail-makers’ dogs: Barberet, IV, 190; Rayeur (illust.); Barker (1893), 113–14; also in Jura: Lequinio, I, 275–6.

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dog-carts:
MP
, 1908, p. 300; 1911, p. 167.

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‘I celebrate those calamitous canines’: ‘Les Bons chiens’, Baudelaire (1975–76), I, 361.

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Cows and horses lived next door: e.g. Huet de Coëtlizan, 409.

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‘a very motley and promiscuous set’: Alison, II, 22; also Dumont (1890), 426.

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fed until they died: Perrot, 529.

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kiauler
,
tioler
: Rolland de Denus, 327 and 421; Sand (1846); Weber, 430–31.

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animals conversed with humans: e.g. Webster (1901), 103.

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The hunter would wrap himself: Dusaulx, II, 186–7; also Veryard, 111.

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village school for bears: www.midi-pyrenees.biz/mp/ariege/ariege erce.htm

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‘I have nothing’: Montaran, 237–8.

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‘the purgatory of men’: Audiganne, II, 100–01.

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dogs of Brittany and Maine: Hufton, 291–2.

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Paris’s dog markets: Janin, 235–6.

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percheron horses: Dumas (1847), 28.

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Cossack horses: Peake (‘A Trip to Versailles’).

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‘thirty-league beasts’: Anon. (1846), 47.

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being kind to animals: e.g. Fréville.

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Society for the Protection of Animals . . . Grammont Law: McPhee (1992), 256.

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shooting dolphins: Busquet; Roberts, 45–6.

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marmots pulled each other: Lavallée, II, ‘Drôme’, 25.

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chamois and bouquetins: Chaix, 200 (quoting Abbé Albert).

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‘Though the profit is small’: Saussure, II, 153.

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‘We are living on bear and chamois’: Sand (1856), VIII, 131.

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Russia and the Balkans: Planhol, 388.

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young lynx near Luz: Dusaulx, II, 13–14; Saint-Amans (1789), 75; also Brehm, I, 302.

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Eagle hunters: Ladoucette (1833), 33.

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‘A peasant was holding it’: Chateaubriand, II, 14, 6.

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flocks of doves: Weld (1859), 225–9.

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public-information: Anon. (1851); also
MP
, 1883, p. 407 and 1887, p. 114.

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stealing birds’ eggs: Anon. (1851);
MP
, 1862, p. 402; 1868, p. 366; 1884, p. 303.

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berry bushes at the door: Mazon (1878), 192.

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‘You may pass through the whole South’: Smollett, letter 20; also
MP
, 1868, p. 366.

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Deforestation and hard winters: e.g. Crignelle, 225–37.

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Normandy . . . inundated with wolves: Brehm, I, 482.

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price on every wolf: Deferrière, 435 (report by Dupin, Préfet of Deux-Sèvres); Sonnini, 167.

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a kind of addiction: Leschevin, 326–27; Saussure, II, 152.

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his game-bag his ‘shroud’: Saussure, II, 151.

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black Camargue bulls: Brehm, II, 665–6.

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A horse . . . ‘Napoléon’: Brehm, II, 324;
MP
, 1841, pp. 250–51.

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Barry . . . the Saint Bernard: Brehm, I, 406–7;
MP
, 1846, p. 200.

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epidemic in 1820: Brehm, I, 404–6.

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special railway carriages: McPhee (1992), 256.

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Transhumance: F. Bernard; J.-E. Michel, 198–206; Peuchet, ‘Bouches-du-Rhône’, 10.

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‘sheep in their thousands’: Pliny,
Natural
History
, XXI, xxxi, 57.

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‘it is an honour to know’: Blackburn (1881), 239.

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conical thatched hut: Baring-Gould (1894), 112 (drawing).

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lone sheep: e.g. Maupassant (1884), 77.

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sheep . . . form battle lines: Bourrit, 335.

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‘a smile of life’: Mariéton, 401.

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‘looking more like Arabs’: Sand (1856), VIII, 136.

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‘The owner of this beautiful animal’: Dusaulx, I, 159–60.

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knew exactly when to leave: Lequinio, I, 384–5; also Peuchet, ‘Jura’, 9; Legrand d’Aussy, 281; Mariéton, 401.

9. M
APS

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evening of 10 August: Meridian expedition: accounts in Delambre and Méchain; researched and recounted by Alder.

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Dammartin-en-Goële: Alder, 26–7.

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Tuileries Palace: Alder, 21.

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cranky measures: Burguburu; Peuchet,
passim
; etc.

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‘a stone pyramid called the Meridian’: Alder, 109.

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‘The instruments were laid out’: Delambre, I, 33–4.

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‘demolished all those steeples’: Delambre, I, 73–4.

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Bort-les-Orgues: Delambre, I, 80.

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Puy Violent: Coudon.

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attack of wild dogs: Alder, 241.

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Cassini’s expedition: Cassini de Thury (1750 and 1754); G. de Fontanges; Gallois; Konvitz; Pelletier; Pelletier and Ozanne.

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‘When one considers’: Cassini de Thury (1750), 9.

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knowledge of cheese: Konvitz, 14.

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army’s own geometers: Konvitz, 39 (in 1762).

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government map:
Département du Mont Blanc
(
cy-devant Savoie
).
Décrété par la Convention Nationale le 27 novembre 1792
; Reverdy, 123.

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‘He set up three stations’: Pelletier, 97–100.

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Many local names: Ronjat; Whymper, 21.

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‘Names had to be given’: Cassini de Thury (1750), 10.

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a camera lucida: Mérimée (1941–64), I, 309–10.

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‘Several Bretons seated’: Bray, 225; see also Brune, 149.

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Saint-Martin-de-Carnac: Cazals, 162; Dainville, 134.

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map of the Moon: Launay. However, paths around the family château at Thury-en-Valois are picked out in green and seem to form a masonic symbol.

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Loiseleur-Deslongchamps: Cosson; Delambre, I, 305; etc.

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looked like Joan of Arc: Monteil, I, 149.

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last year’s chestnuts: Monteil, II, 37.

10. E
MPIRE

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‘In the Ardennes’: Wairy, 148–50; see also Argenson, 198 (Marie Leczinska in 1725); Beauchamp, I, 181 (Napoleon to Montier-en- Der).

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‘Having no paths to follow’: Thiébault, II, 11–13.

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‘changed with the seasons’: Pelletier, 108. The first road maps date from the early eighteenth century: Arbellot (1992), 775; Konvitz, 114; Reverdy, 7.

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‘Grand Chemin de France’: e.g. Fodéré, I, 158.

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‘nations have great men’: Baudelaire (1975–76), I, 654.

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most maps for travellers: e.g. Coutans; Ogée.

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Aubervilliers: Coutans.

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‘I have often heard tell’: Mérimée (1941–64), I, 288–9 (2 July 1834).

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places . . . close together: Dupain-Triel, 3–4; Peuchet, ‘Hautes-Alpes’, 16.

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could be folded up: Pacha, 37.

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‘I took the diligence to Soissons’: V. Hugo, ‘Voyages’, p. 32.

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memorizes the Cassini map: Sand (1872), 122.

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signs of map mania: Anon. (1855); Anon. (1856).

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‘At a bend in the road’: M. Proust, I, 177–8.

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Pyrame de Candolle: C. Malte-Brun (1810), 240; also Bentham’s expeditions in 1820 and 1825.

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Charles de Tourtoulon: Plazanet.

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Carte de l’état-major
: Coraboeuf; G. de Fontanges; V.-A. Malte-Brun (1858 and 1868).

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‘Always on foot’: Anon (1843), 206; also Anon. (Nov. 1835); P. Buache,
Carte minéralogique
(1746);
Tableau d’assemblage des six feuilles de la Carte géologique.

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‘broad, continuous bands’: Anon. (1843), 27–8.

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‘limits of these natural regions’: Anon. (1843), 208.

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lacked basic information: Ardouin-Dumazet (1882); Josse, 471; Webster (1901), 343.

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‘five mountain ranges’: Stendhal, 60.

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M. Sanis: Barbié du Bocage.

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relief models of the Alps: e.g. H. d’Angeville, 7–8.

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geodesic survey: Bourdiol.

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Bordeaux Geographical Society: Ardouin-Dumazet (1882), 103–4.

11. T
RAVELLING IN
F
RANCE
, I

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high-speed goods: Cavaillès, 245.

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load pulled by one horse: Price, 270.

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wooden planks: Duby, III, 183.

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the
corvée:
Babeau (1878), 236–8; Cavaillès, 87–96; Flour de Saint-Genis, 11; Martin and Martenot, 415–16; Robillard de Beaurepaire, 24–5; Sonnini, 79–80; Vignon, 14–24.

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‘Thus, whenever M. le Marquis’: Cooper, 313–14.

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châteaux of the Loire Valley: Hufton, 189–90 and n. 3.

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undercut the local farmers: Cavaillès, 120; also the Cahier de Doléances of Maron, Meurthe-et-Moselle, no. 23.

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vigorous lobbying: Peuchet, ‘Creuse’, 38.

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innovation of . . . Trésaguet: Cavaillès, 90.

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Most French roads: Robillard de Beaurepaire, 14.

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‘Setting aside the depths’: Durand-Claye, 90.

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Généralité of Rouen: Robillard de Beaurepaire, 14.

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‘In travelling to the point’: Cavaillès, 282.

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sandstone slabs: Marlin, I, 274.

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The richer the soil: e.g. Duchesne (1762), 208; Pradt, 106–7.

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statue of Louis XIV: Goubert, 90.

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Baron Haussmann: Haussmann, 52 (Poitiers); 67–71 (Yssingeaux); 90–91 (Nérac). 221

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‘Couldn’t I be sent’: Haussmann, 91.

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Roman roads had been marked: e.g. G. Delisle.

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‘moderate-sized colony of moles’: Mirabeau, 183.

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stretches of Roman surface: Lavallée, ‘Bouches-du-Rhône’, 10 (Arles); Legrand d’Aussy, 36–37 (Clermont); Saint-Amans (1812), 214 (Arcachon); Bizeul (Saintes), 259; Saint-Amans (1799), 22 (Aiguillon); Grad, 614–15 and Reinhard (Sainte-Odile); Jourdain, 191 and Mérimée (1941–64), II, 253 (Chalindrey); Peuchet, ‘Deux-Sèvres’, 36; Abgrall (Quimper). 222

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‘the avenues of the city of Paris’: Cavaillès, 57.

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‘consider the main route’: Cavaillès, 54 and 58.

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a person in Moulins: Weld (1850), 54.

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edict of 1607: H. Gautier, 194; also Assemblée Nationale, II, 7.

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travelled with his own crew: Goubert, 90.

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crosses, posts or pyramids: H. Gautier, 194; Veuclin. 223

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Orry and . . . Trudaine: Arbellot (1973), 766–9.

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lined with trees: Lecreulx, 8–10; Marlin, II, 135.

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branches of apple trees: Duchesne (1762), 208.