The Discovery of France (56 page)

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layer of clay: Anon., ‘Nouvelles’ (1840), 374.

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spontaneous combustion: Yvart, 251–3.

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Pompey:
Cahier de Doléances.

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natural disasters: Braudel, III, 24.

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forty years after a hailstorm: Guillaumin, 179.

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almost half the population: Hufton, 23–4.

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‘The people are like a man’: Taine (1879), II, 213.

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‘they were convinced’: Déguignet, 46 (tr. L. Asher).

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fairy tales: Darnton, 33–4.

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‘treated as a servant’: Martin and Martenot, 495.

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photograph albums: Weber, 175 n. (quoting P. and M. C. Bourdieu).

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tours d’abandon
: Perrot, 144.

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‘angel-makers’: Hufton, 327; Perrot, 601.

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infant overflow: Hufton, 345–6.

6. L
IVING IN
F
RANCE
, II

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‘crooked, dirty’, etc.: Young, 26, 185, 173 and 63, 60, 26, 33.

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‘superb consolation’: Young, 41.

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‘To Combourg’: Young, 99.

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‘This M. de Chateaubriand’: Chateaubriand, I, 12, 4.

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how to make a proper haystack: Young, 149.

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‘Chestnut Belt’: Braudel, III, 117; Demolins, 79–85 and 428; Durand, 137; Fel; Peuchet, ‘Corrèze’, 8–9; Taine (1858), 130.

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‘knowing my luck’: Haillant, 18, 16 and 17; Dejardin, 287; Weber, 19; Weber, 345n.

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at Varennes: F. de Fontanges; Valori.

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political basis of the union: e.g. Gildea, in Crook, 158–62 (on Ligue du Midi and separatism).

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In 1841, a census: Ploux (1999).

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When he crossed the country: Fabry; Waldburg-Truchsess.

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‘he’ll never be able to do anything’: Waldburg-Truchsess, 37–8.

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three zones: Braudel, III, 127.

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‘every door vomiting out its hogs’: Young, 156.

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‘trifling burthens’: Young, 90.

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risk her livelihood: e.g. Lehning, 87–8.

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at Ry: Price, 151.

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supply zone of cities: Cobb (1970), 258–9.

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‘destroyed all its bridges’: Deferrière, 435 (report by Dupin, Préfet of Deux-Sèvres).

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the spike of a Prussian helmet: Du Camp. 603.

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‘The man of the fields knows nothing’: Jouanne.

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‘amuses the sheep’: Carlier, I, 115.

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Saint-Étienne-d’Orthe: Artigues, 126.

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mole catchers: Capus.

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rebilhous
. . . ‘cinderellas’, etc.: Weber, 225.

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judge at Rennes: Hufton, 210–11.

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‘Idle beggar’: Déguignet, 70; Hufton, 111.

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anthropologists of Paris: Privat d’Anglemont, chs 1, 4, 6 and 8.

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history teacher: Monteil, II, 89–90, 105, 111–14, 136, 177, 209 and 273.

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Friday was the day: Labourasse, 180.

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born with the heads of fish: Sébillot (1886), 223.

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‘Lundi et mardi, fête’: Sébillot (1886), 219.

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military recruitment: Aron et al.; Levasseur, I, 385–7.

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‘the face of an old monkey’: Pinkney, 36.

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women . . . the lion’s share: e.g. Choules, 168; Greeley, 160; Le Bras and Todd, 179; Morris, 16; Noah, 210 and 224; Perrin-Dulac, I, 207–8; Young, 13.

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kept house (‘badly’): Peuchet, ‘Orne’, 35.

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nimble spirits: Bérenger-Féraud, I, 2–5.

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All along the Atlantic: e.g. at La Teste: Saint-Amans (1812), 196–8.

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In the Auvergne: Legrand d’Aussy, 284.

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At Granville: Marlin, I, 215–16.

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yoked to asses: Peuchet, ‘Hautes-Alpes’, 18 and 20.

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beasts of burden: Peuchet, ‘Orne’, 35.

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woman born in the Velay: Perrot, 150 and 189.

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appearance of a girl: Weber, 172–3.

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‘Oats to goats’: Haillant, 10.

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‘Marry your daughter far away’: Pintard, 109.

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‘A dead wife, a living horse’: Strumingher, 136.

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‘A man has but two good days’: M. Segalen, 171.

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‘At the well . . . woman comes back . . .’: M. Segalen, 152.

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‘No house was ever shamed’: M. Segalen, 26.

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Misinterpretations: Hufton, 38–41; M. Segalen, 173–80.

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Courting couples: Bejarry; Gennep, I, 264; M. Segalen, 22–3.

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Vendée peasant: M. Segalen, 23.

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perpetrated by immigrants: M. Segalen.

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a woman who walked behind her husband: Hélias, 279.

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‘
laka
ar
c’hoz
’: Déguignet, 35–6 (tr. L. Asher).

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questioned . . . by magistrate: Hufton, 321.

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her wedding night: Sand (1846).

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‘Women give birth after three months’: Rolland de Denus, 215.

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Night Washerwomen: Sébillot (1882), I, 248; Sand (1888), 50.

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If one of her own babies: Sonnini, 188–9.

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‘A sad country’, etc.: Young, 156.

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Young hears the news: Young, 162.

7. F
AIRIES
, V
IRGINS
, G
ODS AND
P
RIESTS

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‘olive-planted and fig-bearing’: Strabo,
Geography
, IV, 1, 2.

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shrine at Bétharram: Chausenque, I, 224; J. B. J., 264.

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cults of the Virgin: Laboulinière, 318; Lawlor, xvi.

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‘The entrance to these grottos’: Sand (1856), VIII, 139–40.

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local chemist: J. B. J., 140–41.

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its rival, Argelès: Harris, 25.

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saw a tiny figure: Bernardette’s account in Harris, 72.

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As usual when a Virgin appeared: Joudou, 24.

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local beauties: Harris, 73.

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forest fairies: Harris, 77–9; Sahlins, 43–5.

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Forest Code of 1827: Chevalier (1956), 724–6.

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‘War of the Demoiselles’: Sahlins.

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on common land: Harris, 31.

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Properties on the road: Harlé, 146–50.

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‘It’s a stroke of good luck’: Blackburn (1881), 92.

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places named after a saint: Planhol, 143.

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Saint-Martin: J.-M. Couderc.

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Saint-Malo–Geneva line: A. d’Angeville, xxvii; Aron et al.; Dupin, 39; Julia; Nora.

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Saint Agathe: Sébillot (1882), I, 334.

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Catholic Reformation: Ralph Gibson, 19.

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‘to give the cross the benefit’: Piette and Sacaze, 237.

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‘nail-stone’: Marlin, II, 365; IV, 364.

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two oaks: Bérenger-Féraud, I, 523–4.

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sharpening-stone: L. Duval.

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vandalized by passing strangers: e.g. Souvestre, 224–5.

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Col de Peyresourde stones: Piette and Sacaze; also Sébillot (1882), I, 48–52.

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‘The spirit who inhabits the stone’: Piette and Sacaze, 240–1.

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‘Old fool!’: Devlin, 7; Ralph Gibson, 144.

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people of Six-Fours: Bérenger-Féraud, II, 518.

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diocesan guide: http://catholique-lepuy.cef.fr/pelerinages/

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Notre-Dame de Héas: Dusaulx, II, 48–53; Saint-Amans (1789), 127–52.

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Les Andelys pilgrimage: Boué de Villiers.

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people of Lourdes went somewhere else: Blackburn (1881), 92.

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pilgrimages expanded . . . areas of trade: e.g. Delvincourt, 4; Depping (1813), 53–4.

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pilgrimage to Sainte-Baume: Bérenger-Féraud, II, chap. 4.

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Mont-Saint-Michel: Nerval, II, 957–8 (paraphrase of
Monsieur Nicolas
).

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very rare breed: Weber, 357.

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If he refused to ring: Tackett (1977), 155.

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the curé of . . . Burgnac: Ralph Gibson, 136.

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walking about during mass: Ralph Gibson, 19.

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The curé of Ars: Weber, 369.

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‘Sorcerers and sorceresses’: Gazier (1876), 31.

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oath declaring their loyalty: Tackett (1986), 52–4.

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chaplain at Ribiers: Tackett (1977), 213.

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Protestant plot: Tackett (1986), 205–19.

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‘showing mutual affection’: Certeau et al., 211.

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converted to Protestantism: Ralph Gibson, 237; P. Jones (1985), 268.

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saints were still being created: Sébillot (1882), I, 330–33; Largillière, 126–31.

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Merlin the Enchanter: For example, a prayer left by the stones, unfolded, early on Easter Day 2006, read, ‘Dear Merlin, You have made me happy. Please give me some magic spells so I can make others happy too.’

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‘I didn’t come here for
him
’: Devlin, 8.

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The Devil: e.g. Bonnecaze, 72–3; Sébillot (1882), I, 177.

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sidekick Saint Peter: Bladé, 31; Sébillot (1882), I, 310.

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weird beings: e.g. Agullana, 110; Bladé, 17; Sand (1888), 75; Sébillot (1882), I, 148.

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Christianity came to an end: Sébillot (1882), I, 79.

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‘There are two “dear Lords”’: Ralph Gibson, 137.

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‘Saint Sourdeau’, etc.: Chesnel, 128 (Plouradou); Devlin, 10 (Sourdeau); Boué de Villiers, 46–9.

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new Saint Aygulf: Bérenger-Féraud, III, 515.

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Saint Greluchon: S. Bonnard; Weber, 348. Also Sand (1866), 17.

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‘You were a just man’: Renan, 17.

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‘A blacksmith came too’: Renan, 58.

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If the saint refused: Weber, 347; Bérenger-Féraud, I, 461 and 452–3.

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took the side of authoritarian regimes: Ralph Gibson, 271.

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Hedgehogs: Sébillot (1882), II, 97.

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slice a living white dove: Pineau, 177.

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magic luminescent herb: Déguignet, 79.

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list of every folk remedy: Loux and Richard.

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scraping the mouth: Déguignet, 83.

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sessions in the smithy: e.g. Vuillier, 511–18.

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road-mender at Nasbinals: Ardouin-Dumazet (1904); also Mazon (1882), 390.

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Clermont d’Excideuil: Ralph Gibson, 138.

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throwing balls of wool: Peuchet, ‘Haute-Vienne’, 43; Stendhal, 309 (Uzerche).

8. M
IGRANTS AND
C
OMMUTERS

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Madrid to Paris: Blanqui, 237–8.

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‘like Robinson Crusoe on his island’: Stendhal, 12.

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art critic Auguste Jal: Jal (1836), I, 35–8.

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Le Havre heard about the fall: Lefebvre, 79.

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local tailor: Lefebvre, 82.

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arrest of the royal family: Braudel, III, 252; Julia and Milo, 470; Ploux (2003), 30.

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Waterloo: Dumas (1863–84), II, 83–5.

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‘Do not ask . . .’: Balzac, X, 1073 (
Les Marana
); see also Ploux (2003), 33 (3.5 hours to Bicêtre).

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victory at Cenabum: Anon. (1848); Caesar,
Gallic War,
VII, 1; also VI, 3; Cestre. Cf. aerial telegraph: Soulange, 137.

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Maps of the Great Fear: Lefebvre, 198–9.

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Massif Central . . . bypassed: Boudin, 348–52; Planhol, 287 and 289; Weld (1850), 57.

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rumours died out: Lefebvre, 201.

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suspected a well-organized plot: Hazareesingh,
Legend
, 51.

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Charlieu: Lefebvre, 86–7.

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one-fifth of the total surface: Peuchet, ‘Finistère’, 11; etc.; Assemblèe Nationale, II, 7.

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Beauvais to Amiens: Goubert, 89; also Malaucène: Saurel, I, 57–60.

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fragile capillaries: Braudel, III, 228–32; Peuchet, ‘Calvados’, 10.

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‘My road lay through’: Stevenson (1879), 56.

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Voie Regordane: Moch, 49–50. The name may be related to the Gaulish
rigo
, ‘king’.

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Stevenson could have bought: Moch, quoting R. Thinthoin, 49–50.

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‘The little green and stony cattle-tracks’: Stevenson (1879), 38.

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Brownian motion: Planhol, 186–7.

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south and east of the line: Hufton, 72; Planhol, 242 and 285–9.

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‘
Crabas amont, filhas aval
’: Moch, 68.

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From the . . . Cantal: Weber, 279; Wirth.

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army handbook: État-major de l’armée de terre, 118.

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processions of young girls: Dureau de la Malle, 250; also Gildea, 10.

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loues
or
louées
: N. Parfait, in
Les Français, Province,
II, 104–5; Masson de Saint-Amand, 129.

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bands of little boys: Campenon, 64–7; Drohojowska, 128–30; Hufton, 98; Ladoucette,
Histoire;
Peuchet, ‘Jura’, 14.

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In Paris, they found their way: A. Frémy, in
Les Français,
I, 145–52, and G. d’Alcy,
ibid., Province,
III, 135; Gaillard; George; Drohojowska, 128–30, 131–3; Perrot, 231; Raison-Jourde (1976 and 1980); Tombs, 238; Weber, 282.

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pedlars’ baskets: Babeau (1883), 80–81; http://montlhery.com/ colporteur.htm (May 2002); also Fontaine, 107; Weber, 280.