The Defence of the Realm (194 page)

65
 Security Service Archives.

66
 Thatcher,
Downing Street Years
,
p. 369 and n
.

67
 Duff said later that the decision to seek an HOW on Cox was ‘a matter of judgement', and implied that his judgement would have been different. Security Service Archives. He also commented that a paper on the CND file on subversive influence in CND may have concentrated ‘rather too much on CND activities as such'.

68
 Security Service Archives.

69
 Security Service Archives.

70
 Security Service Archives.

71
 Security Service Archives.

72
 Security Service Archives.

73
 Security Service Archives.

74
 
Scotsman
, 2 July 1986. Security Service Archives.

75
 Security Service Archives.

76
 Security Service Archives.

77
 Security Service Archives.

78
 Security Service Archives.

79
 Security Service Archives.

Chapter 8: Counter-Terrorism and Protective Security in the Early 1980s

1
 Security Service Archives.

2
 See above,
p. 647
.

3
 Security Service Archives.

4
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

5
 See above,
pp. 653
–
4
.

6
 Security Service Archives.

7
 See above,
p. 600
.

8
 Security Service Archives.

9
 Security Service Archives.

10
 Security Service Archives.

11
 See above,
pp. 620
–
21
.

12
 Security Service Archives.

13
 Security Service Archives.

14
 Thatcher,
Downing Street Years
,
p. 90
. According to Peter de la Billière, that strategy was subsequently slightly modified: ‘After extensive discussions in the COBR, Whitelaw decided that an assault on the Embassy would be justified if two or more of the hostages were killed. One death, he ruled, could occur as the result of an accident, and negotiations might carry on after it; but if a second hostage were murdered, and more were threatened, that would be sufficient cause for an attack.' de la Billière,
Looking for Trouble
,
p. 322
.

15
 See above,
pp. 613
,
655
.

16
 Thatcher,
Downing Street Years
,
p. 89
. On the origins of Service involvement in COBR, see above,
p. 614
.

17
 Security Service Archives.

18
 Security Service Archives.

19
 Security Service Archives.

20
 Security Service Archives.

21
 Security Service Archives.

22
 Security Service Archives.

23
 Thatcher,
Downing Street Years
,
p. 90
.

24
 Security Service Archives.

25
 de la Billière,
Looking for Trouble
,
p. 326
.

26
 Ibid.,
pp. 333
–
5
.

27
 Security Service Archives.

28
 
Parl. Deb. (Commons)
, 6 May 1980, cols 28–35.

29
 Security Service Archives.

30
 Security Service Archives.

31
 See above,
pp. 555
–
6
.

32
 The first full-scale British counter-terrorist exercise in 1973 had been devised to deal with the threat of aircraft hijacking. See above,
p. 615
.

33
 Security Service Archives.

34
 Thatcher,
Downing Street Years
,
p. 89
.

35
 Security Service Archives.

36
 In December 1980 the DG (Sir Howard Smith) told the Home Secretary (Willie Whitelaw) that ‘At the present time the Libyans were the biggest threat and I hoped that everything possible would be done in Tripoli to see that undesirables do not get visas. At the same time we must recognise that some would get through the net and if they did I hoped that the Home Secretary would be prepared to follow up a vigorous policy towards undesirables who turned up here.' Security Service Archives.

37
 Security Service Archives.

38
 Security Service Archives.

39
 Security Service Archives.

40
 Security Service Archives.

41
 Security Service Archives.

42
 Security Service Archives.

43
 Security Service Archives.

44
 Security Service Archives.

45
 Security Service Archives. The Hampshire Special Branch found 3 grams of thallium hidden in a Portsmouth building. Security Service Archives.

46
 ‘Shared-out peanuts foiled poison plot, QC says',
The Times
, 23 June 1981. Malcolm Stuart, ‘Poisoner who got it all wrong',
Guardian
, 3 July 1981.

47
 Security Service Archives.

48
 Security Service Archives.

49
 Security Service Archives.

50
 Security Service Archives.

51
 Security Service Archives.

52
 Security Service Archives.

53
 Follain,
Jackal
,
pp. 160
–
61
.

54
 Security Service Archives.

55
 On ASALA and the rival Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide (JCAG), see Hoffman,
Inside Terrorism
,
pp. 76
–
7
.

56
 Security Service Archives.

57
 Security Service Archives.

58
 Security Service Archives.

59
 An alleged accomplice was found not guilty.

60
 
The Times
, 25 July 1983.

61
 Hoffman,
Inside Terrorism
,
p. 77
.

62
 English,
Armed Struggle
, ch. 5.

63
 Security Service Archives.

64
 Moloney,
Secret History of the IRA
,
pp. 206
–
7
.

65
 Security Service Archives.

66
 Security Service Archives.

67
 Thatcher,
Downing Street Years
,
p. 392
.

68
 Moloney,
Secret History of the IRA
,
p. 206
. English,
Armed Struggle
, ch. 5.

69
 Security Service Archives.

70
 Thatcher,
Downing Street Years
,
p. 391
.

71
 See above,
p. 651
.

72
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

73
 Security Service Archives.

74
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

75
 Security Service Archives.

76
 Security Service Archives.

77
 Security Service Archives. The Working Party thought that the absence of public funds, other inducements and sanctions made many EKP owners (the majority in the private sector) reluctant to incur the sometimes heavy expenditure required to achieve a satisfactory level of protective security. It was also believed that the criteria used to identify EKPs were too inflexible and that the list (later simplified) was too large.

78
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

79
 Security Service Archives.

80
 The main committees on which the Service argued the case for improved protective security within Whitehall were the EKP sub-committees of the Official Committee on Terrorism (TO) and the Official Committee on Home Defence (HDO); the HDO sub-committee dealt with measures to protect EKPs in time of war and major international crises.

81
 Security Service Archives.

82
 Security Service Archives.

83
 Bew and Gallagher,
Northern Ireland
,
pp. 159
–
60
.

84
 Security Service Archives.

85
 Security Service Archives.

86
 Recollections of Sir Stephen Lander.

87
 Security Service Archives.

88
 Security Service Archives.

89
 Security Service Archives.

90
 Security Service Archives.

91
 Security Service Archives.

92
 Moloney,
Secret History of the IRA
,
p. 209
.

93
 Security Service Archives.

94
 David Pallister, ‘US court clears five of IRA gunrunning plot',
Guardian
, 6 Nov. 1982.

95
 Security Service Archives.

96
 Security Service Archives.

97
 Security Service Archives.

98
 Security Service Archives.

99
 Security Service Archives.

100
 It was later concluded that the driver had made two previous, undetected arms deliveries. Security Service Archives.

101
 A second Provisional who was unloading the container with McVeigh escaped. Security Service Archives.

102
 Security Service Archives.

103
 Security Service Archives.

104
 Security Service Archives.

105
 Security Service Archives.

106
 Security Service Archives.

107
 Security Service Archives.

108
 F became once again a counter-subversion branch.

109
 Security Service Archives.

110
 Security Service Archives.

111
 Information from MPSB.

112
 Security Service Archives.

113
 Recollections of an MPSB officer.

114
 Recollections of an MPSB officer.

115
 Security Service Archives.

116
 Recollections of MPSB officer. On US intelligence on Libyan terrorism in the mid-1980s, see Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only
,
pp. 483
–
4
.

117
 See above,
p. 689
.

118
 Andrew and Gordievsky,
KGB
,
p. 632
.

119
 Security Service Archives.

120
 Recollections of Sir Patrick Walker.

121
 Security Service Archives.

122
 Security Service Archives.

123
 Security Service Archives.

124
 Al Jahour's assassin has yet to be identified. Security Service Archives.

125
 Dobson and Payne,
War without End
,
pp. 190
–
91
. Security Service Archives.

126
 Security Service Archives.

127
 Security Service Archives.

128
 Security Service Archives.

129
 Dobson and Payne,
War without End
,
pp. 191
–
2
.

130
 Ibid.,
p. 187
.

131
 See below,
pp. 637
–
8
.

132
 Security Service Archives.

133
 ‘Terrorists Jailed for Marita Ann Cache',
The Times
, 12 Dec. 1984. Two other crew members, who were said to be unaware of the trawler's mission when it sailed from Co. Kerry, were given five-year suspended sentences.

134
 Security Service Archives.

135
 Recollections of Sir Stephen Lander.

136
 Recollections of Sir Stephen Lander.

137
 Security Service Archives.

138
 Security Service Archives.

Chapter 9: Counter-Espionage in the Last Decade of the Cold War

1
 Media interest was provoked by the publication of Andrew Boyle's book
Climate of Treason
, which told part of the Blunt story but, for fear of libel proceedings, referred to him as ‘Maurice' and concealed his identity. On the media and Blunt's exposure, see Carter,
Blunt
,
pp. 468
–
82
.

2
 Security Service Archives.

3
 I am grateful to Nicholas Wilkinson, one of the Cabinet Office official historians, for passing on this information from Blunt's confidant, who does not wish his identify to be published.

4
 Beves had first been wrongly identified as a likely Soviet mole in 1977.