The Defence of the Realm (189 page)

53
 Recollections of Sir Michael Hanley.

54
 Security Service Archives. There was, however, a willingness to consider ‘near-miss' CSSB candidates, some of whom might turn out to have the qualities required for security and intelligence work.

55
 Security Service Archives.

56
 Security Service Archives.

57
 Morgan,
Callaghan
,
pp. 611
–
12
.

58
 Security Service Archives.

59
 There were some teething problems with the new system. Rather than direct candidates to a specific grade, it was left to the CSSB to determine the level of entry. It was concluded that Grade 5 boards might be pitched too high for the purposes of the Service: ‘I think there may
be some grounds for looking at our criteria to see if we have not gone for “superman”, while 9b, (where there were more passes) seems like “the poor relation”.' Security Service Archives.

60
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

61
 The remark was in fact attributed not to a president but to Henry Stimson when US secretary of state in 1929. Whether or not Stimson actually articulated this celebrated remark, he would almost certainly have endorsed it (though he later changed his mind). Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only
,
pp. 72
–
3
,
106
–
8
.

62
 Security Service Archives. On Manningham-Buller, see below,
pp. 776
,
814
–
15
.

63
 See below,
p. 776
.

64
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer. ‘DG does not want long briefs'; Security Service Archives.

65
 Recollections of Sir Patrick Walker. Walker does, however, give Smith credit for making the attempt – albeit unsuccessful – to communicate with senior staff at the outset of his term of office.

66
 Security Service Archives.

67
 Christopher Andrew, interview with Sir David Goodall, 22 July 2005. Lady Smith died in 1982.

68
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer. An A Branch veteran similarly recalls that Smith ‘did not want to dirty his hands with operations . . . He never went to [A Branch] presentations, he left all that to John Jones.'

69
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

70
 Home Office Archives.

71
 Home Office Archives.

72
 Home Office Archives.

73
 Home Office Archives. The lack of MI5 career planning, Sir Brian Cubbon (PUS Home Office) reported, had been discovered at the time of Jones's appointment.

74
 Security Service Archives.

75
 Security Service Archives. Obituary, Sir John Jones,
Daily Telegraph
, 11 March 1998.

76
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

77
 Security Service Archives.

78
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer. ‘John Jones had quite a good sense of humour once you got to know him.' Few, however, did.

79
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

80
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

81
 See below,
pp. 714ff
.

82
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

83
 Home Office Archives.

84
 Security Service Archives. Rimington,
Open Secret
,
p. 178
.

85
 Home Office Archives.

86
 Home Office Archives.

87
 Home Office Archives.

88
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

89
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

90
 Ian Black, ‘The spy catchers strike a new note',
Guardian
, July 1984; copy (with further handwritten details) attached to recollections of a former Security Service officer.

91
 Smith,
New Cloak, Old Dagger
,
pp. 66
–
8
.

92
 Rimington,
Open Secret
,
p. 76
.

93
 Security Service Archives.

94
 Security Service Archives.

95
 Security Service Archives.

96
 Security Service Archives.

97
 Security Service Archives.

98
 ‘Promotion in the 1970s and early 1980s was, in some cases, influenced by length of service. This changed with the reforms of the mid-1980s.' Security Service Archives.

99
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

100
 See below,
p. 702
.

101
 Recollections of Sir Patrick Walker.

102
 Rimington,
Open Secret
,
pp. 215
–
16
.

103
 Security Service Archives.

104
 Security Service Archives.

105
 Security Service Archives.

106
 Home Office Archives.

107
 Home Office Archives.

108
 Home Office Archives.

109
 Home Office Archives.

110
 See below,
pp. 763
–
5
.

111
 Home Office Archives.

112
 
Parl. Deb. (Commons)
, 2 Nov. 1987, col. 508; 3 Nov. 1987, col. 781.

113
 Home Office Archives.

114
 See below,
pp. 766
–
8
.

Chapter 1: Operation FOOT and Counter-Espionage in the 1970s

1
 Security Service Archives. Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

2
 Security Service Archives.

3
 Security Service Archives.

4
 Security Service Archives.

5
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
pp. 327
–
38
.

6
 Security Service Archives.

7
 Heath,
Course of my Life
,
pp. 474
–
5
. Thorpe,
Douglas-Home
,
pp. 415
–
16
.

8
 Walden,
Lucky George
,
p. 144
.

9
 Security Service Archives. On KGB Operation PROBA against Courtney, see Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
pp. 530
–
31
.

10
 Baston,
Reggie
,
p. 405
. Walden,
Lucky George
,
p. 143
.

11
 Security Service Archives.

12
 
Documents on British Policy Overseas
, series III, vol. I,
pp. 337
–
43
,
359
. Maudling later admitted to cabinet colleagues that his early opposition to proposals for FOOT had been misjudged. Baston,
Reggie
,
p. 405
.

13
 Security Service Archives.

14
 Thorpe,
Douglas-Home
,
p. 416
.

15
 Security Service Archives.

16
 Security Service Archives.

17
 On Department V, founded in 1967, see Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
, ch. 23. Golitsyn had provided some intelligence on the FCD Thirteenth Department, the predecessor of Department V, after his defection to the CIA late in 1961. However, Lyalin supplied ‘the first detailed evidence' of the presence of Department V officers in the London residency as well as of illegals support officers. Security Service Archives. When stationed in residencies these officers were known respectively as Line F and Line N.

18
 Security Service Archives. The two Savins were not related.

19
 Security Service Archives.

20
 Security Service Archives.

21
 Security Service Archives.

22
 Security Service Archives.

23
 Security Service Archives.

24
 Security Service Archives.

25
 Security Service Archives. When the GLC Licensing Department was transferred to the Department of the Environment in 1970, Abdoolcader became a civil servant, signing the Official Secrets Act in July.

26
 On Britten, see above,
p. 537
.

27
 Security Service Archives.

28
 
Documents on British Policy Overseas
, series III, vol. I,
pp. 388
–
9
. On Ippolitov's status as a KGB agent, see Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
p. 547
.

29
 Walden,
Lucky George
,
p. 148
.

30
 
Documents on British Policy Overseas
, series III, vol. I,
p. 389n
.

31
 Contrary to some predictions, Operation FOOT caused no lasting damage to British–Soviet
relations. In December 1973 Douglas-Home was invited to visit Moscow and Gromyko came to the airport to meet him. During the visit Gromyko toasted Douglas-Home and the British delegation ‘at every opportunity'. Thorpe,
Douglas-Home
,
pp. 417
,
434
.

32
 Barron,
KGB
,
pp. 413
–
15
. Kuzichkin,
Inside the KGB
,
p. 81
.

33
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
p. 546
.

34
 Kalugin,
Spymaster
,
pp. 131
–
2
.

35
 Security Service Archives. Voronin's dismissal is also recalled by Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
,
p. 184
.

36
 Obituary, Oleg Lyalin,
The Times
, 24 Feb. 1995.

37
 Security Service Archives.

38
 Security Service Archives.

39
 Security Service Archives.

40
 Security Service Archives.

41
 Obituary, Antony Lambton, ‘Raffish aristocrat caught out in Seventies sex scandal',
The Week
, 13 Jan. 2007. Lambton renounced the earldom of Durham, which he inherited from his father in 1970, in the interests of his political career, but caused controversy by attempting to keep the courtesy title ‘Lord Lambton' in the Commons.

42
 Security Service Archives.

43
 Security Service Archives.

44
 Sheldon, however, added that, though the Service had been briefed orally by the Met, it had not yet seen the latest written reports on the case and ‘could not therefore be absolutely sure that we had taken full account' of the latest information. Security Service Archives.

45
 John Stradling Thomas MP to Francis Pym (Chief Whip), 14 May 1973 (marked ‘Immediate copy to PM 2–15 pm 14 May 1973'), TNA PREM 15/190.

46
 Record of meeting chaired by Prime Minister, 18 May 1973, TNA PREM 15/1904.

47
 TNA PREM 15/1904. ‘Obituary: Lord Lambton',
The Times
, 2 Jan. 2007. On 13 June at the Marylebone Magistrates' Court, Lambton was fined £300 for illegal possession of cannabis and amphetamines.

48
 Security Service Archives.

49
 BBC News (online), ‘Sex scandal Tory blamed pressure', 1 Jan. 2004, quoting newly declassified government documents. Obituary, Antony Lambton, ‘Raffish aristocrat caught out in Seventies sex scandal',
The Week
, 13 Jan. 2007.

50
 BBC News (online), ‘Sex scandal Tory blamed pressure', 1 Jan. 2004, quoting newly declassified government documents.

51
 Security Service Archives.

52
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
p. 546
.

53
 Some of the KGB officers who were expelled from, or denied entry to, Britain were redeployed to Commonwealth capitals with substantial British expatriate communities – notably Delhi, Colombo, Dar-es-Salaam, Lagos and Lusaka. The FCD files seen by Vasili Mitrokhin suggest that few significant recruitments resulted. Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
pp. 547
–
8
.

54
 Security Service Archives. Ramelson was subject to an HOW, occasionally supplemented by A4 surveillance to monitor particular meetings.

55
 Security Service Archives.

56
 Rosen,
Old Labour to New
,
p. 441
.

57
 Security Service Archives.

58
 Security Service Archives.

59
 Security Service Archives. Ramelson told Gollan, the CPGB leader, that the TUC had made ‘the biggest fucking mess' of the meeting. Security Service Archives.

60
 Security Service Archives.