The Crusades of Cesar Chavez (83 page)

25
   “only way I know”
Ibid.

26
   “We’re experimenting”
Movement
, Oct. 1965

Chapter 12

Sources:
Movement
; author interviews with Cannon, Coffman, Cousino, Frankel, Goepel, Hartmire, Murguia, Valdez, and Zaninovich.

1
   “Without hesitation”
Goepel to Alinsky, mid-Nov. 1965, IAF Austin, Box 527

2
   “
Estimado amigo
”
Chavez, Oct. 6 1965, NFWA, Box 10, Folder 8

3
   “a real movement”
Chavez to Friends of SNCC, Oct. 5, 1965, Hartmire papers

4
   drew parallels
James Farmer to CORE chapters, Dec. 17, 1965, Mike Miller papers, FMDP

5
   “no relevant middle ground”
Hartmire, Jan. 1966, Hartmire papers

6
   used codes
Chavez notes, UFWOC, Box 2, Folder 2

7
   jumped a train
Coffman interview

8
   “here to help”
“Delano Farm Workers Get Kennedy Pledge of Help,”
Fresno Bee
, Mar. 16, 1966

9
   “the simple truth”
Transcript of Mar. 16, 1966, hearing, NFWA, Box 6, Folder 15

10
   memorable exchange
Ibid.

11
   march became a pilgrimage
Chavez, in Ross Tapes; Ganz, 148

12
   “wanted us to arrest them”
Dunne, 132

13
   promised Cesar a crowd
Manuel Chavez, Ross Tapes

14
   “Walking along the freeway?”
Huelga
, on FMDP

15
   “in the past”
Transcript in JEL Box 6, Folder 200

16
   “ours, all ours”
“Plan de Delano,” in possession of author

17
    “more Mexican than Catholic”
“An Interview with Cesar Chavez,” Jeff Dietrich,
Catholic Agitator
, May 1977

18
   “the penance part”
JEL, Box 6, Folder 200

19
   “every step”
Chavez in Ross Tapes

20
   Kircher put on old clothes
Kircher, Oct. 19, 1973, TAY, Box 9, Folder 16

21
   “more than 5,000”
Transcript of CA Grape and Tree Fruit League meeting, Mar. 24, 1966, SJVFLC

22
   “Labor history was written”
“Schenley to Bargain with Grape Union,”
New York Times
, Apr. 7 1966

23
   sleeping arrangements
Logistics of march, notes, NFWA, Box 12, Folder 1

24
   “my wife, Helen”
Cassette tape, Apr. 10, 1966, UFWA

25
   “flames of class struggle”
Delano Record
, Apr. 12, 1966

26
   “even the score”
Transcript of news conference, Oct. 23, 1966, Drake papers, Box 1, Wayne State

Chapter 13

Sources: Ross interviewed by Levy; NFWA papers; Ross Tapes; Dunne,
Delano
; Jon Lewis photographs on FMDP; author interviews with Chatfield, Cousino, Frankel, Ganz, Hartmire, Medina, Serda, and Valdez.

1
   The DiGiorgio empire
Robert DiGiorgio, Oral History, conducted 1983, Bancroft Library, UC Berkeley

2
   trying to convince
Ibid.

3
   violent confrontation
Ross, JEL, Box 6, Folder 196; “Grape Strike Brawl,”
Los Angeles Times
, Apr. 22, 1966

4
   “wants to be an organizer”
Ross Papers, Box 24, Folder 2

5
   “return the growers’ violence”
Quoted by John Moyer in
Journal of Current Social Issues
, Autumn 1972

6
   “Ida had sat slumped”
Ross Papers, Box 24, Folder 21

7
   lock on the phone
Minutes of meeting, Jul. 11, 1966, OOP1, Box 44, Folder 11

8
   “It’s tough enough”
Dunne,
Delano
, 153

9
   Serda decided to risk
Serda interview

10
   “strategic importance”
Hartmire to Forrest Weir, Jul. 5, 1966, Hartmire papers

11
   “a brilliant guy”
Ross, Sep. 21, 1973, TAY, Box 9, Folder 17

12
   “They’re animals”
Dunne,
Delano
, 140

13
   “give up a lot”
Ibid., 149

14
   DiGiorgio handed out leaflets
Ibid., 160

15
   El Mosquito Zumbador
NFWA, Box 12, Folder 1

16
   $10,000-a-month subsidy
Kircher to Meany, May 16, 1966, Meany Archives, AWOC: RG28-002

17
   “servants of the union”
Dunne,
Delano
, 156

18
   going to get dirty
Interviews with Frankel and Cousino

19
   Jimmy the Greek
Ganz,
Why David Sometimes Wins
, 197

20
   “we will be victorious”
Dunne,
Delano
, 163

21
   “We didn’t have the credibility”
Chavez in JEL, Box 3, Folder 162

Chapter 14

Sources: Author interviews with Cousino, Esher, Goepel, Haber, Hartmire, Lynch, Orendain, Liza H. Medina, Moses, Murguia, and Valdez.

1
   “has to work more”
Movement
, Dec. 1965

2
   “the hardheaded guy”
Tape of retreat, Jan. 27, 1969, UFWA

3
   He divided people
Ibid.

4
   Richard Chavez recalled
Richard Chavez, Ross Tapes

5
   “only one name”
Orendain Oral History, Jul. 20, 1971, University of Texas at Arlington

6
   “never change our kids”
JEL Box 1, Folder 134

7
   “tedious work”
JEL Box 1, Folder 138

8
   Day began his ministry
Delano Grapevine newsletter, Jan. 1968, in possession of author

9
   dozens of telegrams
AALA, Folder 1968

10
   “really like that a lot”
Mattheissen,
Sal Si Puedes
, 232

11
   “make the babies”
Several people quote Helen Chavez as saying this

12
    “this little hole”
Tape of Jan. 4, 1969, meeting, UFWA

13
   “never said no”
Ibid.

14
   “I may be wrong”
JEL Box 1, Folder 138

15
   on the payroll
List of salaries, UFWOC, Box 6, Folder 9

16
   “a paid staff”
Movement
, Dec. 1965

17
   “a floor to sleep on”
Chavez letter, Oct. 6, 1965, NFWA, Box 10, Folder 8

18
   “pay is five dollars”
Diary of students, Apr. 12–19, 1966, NFWA, Box 10, Folder 8

19
   dues would total
1967 UFWOC LM2 report, U.S. Department of Labor

20
   Kushner wrote
Kushner to Huerta, Jul. 27, 1967, OOP2, Box 46, Folder 10

21
   Chavez called Bill Esher
Account of board meetings from detailed minutes taken by Philip Vera Cruz, Vera Cruz papers, Wayne State, Box 2, Folder 7; Chavez index cards on meetings with those to be purged, Drake papers, Box 2, Folder 15; author interviews with Valdez, Goepel, Haber, and Esher

22
   “Cesar suspects”
Vera Cruz papers, Box 2, Folder 7

23
   Teatro traveled
East
Newport Folk Festival program, news stories, ETC, Series 14, Box 1

24
   “best ones are still here”
Matthiessen, 173

25
   told she must choose
Vera Cruz minutes

26
   “farmworkers’ cathedral”
Tape of Chavez and Chatfield, Nov. 19, 1968, UFWA

27
   “Very plain, but very beautiful”
Ibid.

28
   “the spiritual center”
Chavez interview, FMDP, http://www.farmworkermovement.com/media/oral_history/swf/chavezinterviewA.swf

29
   “once seemed a dream”
Delano Grapevine newsletter, Jan. 1968

Chapter 15

Sources: Interviews on Ross Tapes with Cesar Chavez, Richard Chavez, Manuel Chavez, LeRoy Chatfield and Mark Day; Chavez interviews in JEL; Chatfield, Cohen, and Vera Cruz diaries; Kern County court records; author interviews with Chatfield, Cohen, Day, Drake, Edelman, Ganz, Hartmire, Hirsch, Moses, Murguia, and Orendain.

1
   fine no-shows
Minutes of Jan. 19, 1968, meeting, Drake papers, Box 2, Folder 37

2
   “he made experiments”
Chavez, May 6, 1969, JEL, Box 1, Folder 132

3
   the “Research Committee”
Interviews with Hirsch, Orendain; essays by Hirsch and Reyes on FMDP

4
   “all the dirty work”
Cassette tape, “Cesar—NY Boycott,” UFWA

5
   Giumarra charged
Kern County Court records,
Giumarra vs. UFWOC

6
   Rumors circulated
Tape of Ross, Day, and Chatfield, Mar. 1969, FWDP

7
   “keep in mind”
Ibid.

8
   “fasting as a prayer”
Moses letter, Marion Moses papers, Wayne State

9
   “trying to play God”
Huerta, May 7, 1969, JEL, Box 5, Folder 184

10
   “playing for all the marbles”
Cohen journal, Cohen papers, Box 2, Folder 8

11
   “pray for me”
Chavez to Manning, Feb. 20, 1968, AALA

12
   “fast of Cesar Chavez”
Cohen papers, Box 2, Folder 11

13
   “expressed my amazement”
Duggan autobiography, FMDP

14
   Orendain refused
Interview with Orendain

15
   “Had Cesar the right”
Vera Cruz journal, Vera Cruz papers, Box 3, Folder 8, Wayne State

16
   “wholly irrational reversal”
Hirsch, “Some personal notes on Delano,” Jun. 2, 1968, Kircher papers, Box 13, Folder 2, Wayne State

17
   “the redemption of Manuel”
Cohen papers, Box 2, Folder 8

18
   “gringo justice”
Tape of meeting, Jan. 27, 1969, UFWA

19
   “marred our image”
Chatfield journal, Mar. 2, 1969, courtesy of Bruce Perry

20
   “your ears pop”
Chavez, Ross Tapes

21
   “beautiful floating feeling”
Ibid.

22
   “Just pray to God”
Richard Chavez, Ross Tapes

23
   Kennedy expressed concern
Peter Edelman Interview #1, Jul. 15, 1969, RFK Oral History Collection, JFK Presidential Library

24
   “on the way down”
Cohen journal, Box 2, Folder 11

25
    dodged a dozen questions
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XNJ_6KfnX8k

26
   What do you say
Chavez notes, OOP1, Box 5, Folder 7

27
   run for president
Edelman interview

28
   “I marched with Cesar”
Robert F. Kennedy Papers, Speeches, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library

29
   Juana Chavez sent
Bruce Perry taped interview with Helen Pedotti, n.d., courtesy of Perry

30
   Democratic registration
Office files of Marvin Watson, Box 2, LBJ Presidential Library

31
   Chavez blocked out May
Chavez 1968 datebook; Drake files, Box 2, Folder 34; Chavez, Ross Tapes