The Crusades of Cesar Chavez (82 page)

6
   “never be used again”
Transcript of Chavez talk, Oct. 4, 1971, La Paz, Hartmire papers

7
   passed a resolution
Minutes of CSO Executive board, Jul. 21–22, 1961, Gallegos papers

8
   a workable deal
Chavez to Ross, Jul. 18, 1961, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 4

9
   “I personally can’t see”
Chavez to Louis Zarate, Aug. 3, 1961, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 4

10
   commitments from 650
Minutes of Nov. 17–18, 1961, CSO Executive committee meeting, Gallegos Papers

11
   worth $3 billion
Thompson, “AWOC”

12
   by-laws spelled out
Copy of by-laws in possession of author

13
   “one remaining blot”
Jan. 8, 1959, meeting at AFL-CIO headquarters, UPWA, Office of the President, Box 143, Folder 15

14
   group was disbanded
McDonnell to San Diego Bishop Charles Buddy, Jun. 11, 1961, AASF, Box A67

15
   “who is going to help”
Chavez to Ross, Aug. 15, 1961, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 4

16
   “Oxnard is the place”
Chavez to Ross, Dec. 28, 1961, Ross Papers, Box 2, Folder 8

17
   “my latest dreams”
Chavez to Ross, Jan. 25, 1962, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 5

18
   Rios came charging
Gallegos interview

19
   “charity organization”
Minutes from CSO Executive Board, Jul. 21–22, 1962, Gallegos Papers

20
   he was resigning
Minutes from CSO board meeting, Mar. 16–18, 1962, Gallegos Papers

21
   “lost arms and feet”
Carhart to Hartmire, Mar. 19, 1962, NFWM, Box 45, Folder 15

Chapter 9

Sources: Ross-Chavez letters; Chavez-Huerta letters; Manuel Chavez interviewed by Levy and Ross; NFWA papers; author interviews with Anna Chavez, Hartmire, Orendain, and Padilla.

1
    took pictures
Photo archives, Reuther Library

2
   arrived on April 23
Chavez to Ross, Apr. 26, 1962, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 5

3
   “somebody had to do something”
Rose, “Women in the United Farm Workers”

4
   “one place not to start”
Chavez to Ross, Apr. 26, 1962

5
   “Cheque or no cheque”
Chavez to Ross, May 2, 1962, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 6

6
   “In your opinion”
NFWM, Box 45, Folder 15

7
   “take advantage of whatever publicity”
Chavez to Ross, May 2, 1962

8
   “wants very badly to find out”
Chavez to Ross, Jun. 13, 1962, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 7

9
   “the true workers”
Chavez to Ross, Aug. 7, 1962, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 9

10
   “again become slaves”
Chavez to Ross, Aug. 28, 1962, Ibid.

11
   “this is a movement”
Chavez to Ross, Aug. 7, 1962, Ibid.

12
   offered financial support
Chavez to Hartmire, Jul. 31, 1962, NFWM, Box 45, Folder 15

13
   focus on the older children
Rose, “Women in the United Farm Workers”

14
   “his first big money”
Chavez to Ross, Jul. 3, 1962, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 9

15
   “if you did the begging”
Chavez to Ross, May 16, 1962, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 6

16
   outlined Chavez’s plan
Ross to Alinsky, Apr. 7, 1962, Ross Papers, Box 2, Folder 3

17
   “Heard about your project”
Abe Chavez to Cesar Chavez, May 20, 1962, NFWA, Box 7, Folder 19

18
   “Talk about being hungry”
Chavez to Ross, Jun. 19, 1962, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 7

19
   “isolate the atom”
Chavez to Ross, Jul. 11, 1962, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 8

20
   “All is not well”
Chavez to Ross, Jun. 19, 1962

21
   blow-by-blow account
Ross to Chavez, Jul. 9, 1962, NFWA, Box 12, Folder 13

22
   “sacrifice the workers”
Chavez to Ross, May 2, 1962, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 6

23
   “conducting a little survey”
Chavez to Ross, May 22, 1962, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 6

24
    “Check the letterhead”
Chavez to Ross, Sep. 18, 1962, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 10

25
   working as a salesman
Manuel Chavez in JEL, Box 5, Folder 173 and Ross Tapes, FMDP

26
   “this sounds crazy”
Chavez to Huerta, Sep. 17, 1962, JEL, Box 18, Folder 378

27
   “
inspire
the workers”
Chavez to Ross, Sep. 18, 1962

28
   “10 fingers crossed”
Ross to Chavez, Sep. 21, 1962, NFWA, Box 12, Folder 13

29
   “striking gabachos”
Ross to Chavez, Sep. 25, 1962, NFWA, Box 12, Folder 13

30
   gathered at 10:00 a.m. on Sunday
Agenda, minutes, NFWA, Box 3, Folder 8

31
   idea of an eagle
Chavez to Ross, Mar. 11, 1963, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 11

32
   “fantastically wonderful job”
Ross to Chavez, Oct. 3, 1962, NFWA, Box 12, Folder 13

33
   “go down in California history”
ROSS, Box 3, Folder 10

Chapter 10

Sources: Chavez-Ross letters; Chavez-Huerta letters; NFWA minutes and newsletters; Chavez interviews in Ross Tapes; author interviews with Esher, Goepel, Hartmire, Orendain, and Miller.

1
   “nation of Mexicans”
Huerta, Apr. 6, 1969, JEL, Box 5, Folder 183

2
   started college
TAY, Box 9, Folder 2; Huerta autobiography, DH, Box 1, Folder 5

3
   “deserve the recriminations”
Huerta to Chavez, Feb. 29, 1964, NFWA, Box 2, Folder 13

4
   “quiet long suffering type”
Huerta to Chavez, n.d., NFWA, Box 2, Folder 13

5
   “Get out!”
Chavez in Ross Tapes

6
   “I am game”
Huerta to Chavez, n.d., late 1964, NFWA, Box 2, Folder 13

7
   second convention
Minutes, Jan. 20, 1963, NFWA, Box 5, Folder 28

8
   “Padilla was my discovery”
Chavez in JEL, Box 1, Folder 133

9
   “the same mistake twice”
Chavez to Ross, Dec. 14, 1962, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 10

10
   “the risky part”
Chavez to Huerta, Jan. 24, 1963, JEL, Box 18, Folder 378

11
   “Let’s face it”
Newsletter, Oct. 18, 1962, NFWA, Box 10, Folder 8

12
   “gut tearing fear”
Chavez to Huerta, Feb. 22, 1963, JEL, Box 18, Folder 378

13
    signed an agreement
Chavez to Huerta, Mar. 9, 1963, JEL, Box 18, Folder 378

14
   Richard’s house
Richard Chavez interviews in JEL and Ross Tapes; mortgage records, Kern County Recorders Office, tape of Feb. 1976 NEB, UFWA

15
   association’s annual meeting
newsletter, Feb. 4, 1964, NFWA, Box 10, Folder 8

16
   “develop the newspaper”
Chavez to David Burciaga, Jul. 26, 1963, Burciaga papers, Wayne State

17
   “help with your newspaper”
Esher to Chavez, Nov. 11, 1964, NFWA, Box 8, Folder 4

18
   “The meaning is ill-bred”
Chavez to Ross, Mar. 23, 1965, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 12

19
   “I liked the general tone”
Abe Chavez to Cesar Chavez, NFWA, Box 7, Folder 14

20
   his first office
News release, “Office Opens,” NFWA, Box 10, Folder 8

21
   “Manny the Mostest”
Chavez to Ross, Oct. 18, 1962, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 10

22
   Manuel bragged
Manuel Chavez in JEL, Box 5, Folder 173

23
   Manuel was arrested
Manuel Chavez arrest record and probation report, in possession of author

24
   doubled its income
Jan. 3, 1966, Form 1024 Tax Exemption application, JEL Folder 410

25
   “The most exciting thing”
Chavez to Ross, Mar. 23, 1965, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 12

26
   “the watch makers”
Drake manuscript, in JEL, Folder 387

27
   swear on a crucifix
Chavez notes, minutes of meetings Apr. 11 and 20, 1963, NFWA, Box 11, Folder 13

28
   declared
El Malcriado
El Malcriado
, May 1965

29
   “Urban support”
Miller to Friends of SNCC, Aug. 18, 1965, NFWA, Box 13, Folder 22

30
   “mass movement of farm workers”
Leaflet in NFWA, Box 12, Folder 9

31
   “a strike that had much success”
El Malcriado
, May 1965

32
   “a pretty narrow squeak”
Ross to Chavez, Aug. 17, 1965, NFWA, Box 12, Folder 13

33
   “giving a lot of thought”
Chavez to Ross, May 21, 1964, ROSS, Box 3, Folder 12

34
   “too much democracy”
Ross to Chavez, Aug. 17, 1965, NFWA Box 12, Folder 13

Chapter 11

Sources: NFWA Papers; Farm Labor Collection; Ross Tapes; Ganz,
Why David Sometimes Wins
; author interviews with Adair, Cannon, Esher, Goepel, Ganz, Havens, Medina, Murguia, and Valdez.

1
   “All I could think”
Dunne,
Delano
, 79

2
   he addressed the workers
Agenda for meeting, Sep. 16, 1965, and Chavez notes, NFWA, Box 13, Folder 20

3
   said a Hail Mary
Goepel interview

4
   no ordinary strike
“Guerilla Warfare in the Grapes,”
Movement
, Oct. 1965

5
   “We are stopping them”
El Malcriado
, no. 21

6
   Hundreds rallied
“Strike in the Grapes,”
Movement
, Oct. 1965

7
   “stay on the offensive”
Tape of Jan. 27, 1969, meeting, UFWA

8
   complaints were filed
Kenny to FAA, Nov. 4, 1965, NFWA, Box 1, Folder 5

9
   “could well ruin farmers”
Willinger to Msgr. Cornelius Higgins, Diocese of Sacramento, Nov. 19, 1965, AALA, Folder 1965

10
   “troublesome days”
Bell to Willinger, n.d., AALA, Folder 1965

11
   “They have the money”
El Malcriado
, no. 21

12
   “As a Mexican”
El Excéntrico
, Feb. 5, 1964, ETC, Series 3, Box 1

13
   “unbourgeois theater”
“The Tale of La Raza,”
Ramparts
, Jul. 1966

14
   “Here was Cesar”
Ibid.

15
   “civil rights forces”
Council of CA Growers newsletter, Nov. 1, 1965, SJVFLC

16
   158 job actions
Thompson, “Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee”

17
   “third force”
Council of CA Growers newsletter, Oct. 4, 1965, SJVFLC

18
   “A movement is underway”
Hartmire to action mailing list, Jan. 25, 1966, Hartmire papers

19
   arrested all forty-four
Arrest report, NFWA, Box 6, Folder 15

20
   “win this strike”
“Reuther Pledges Coast Strike Aid,”
New York Times
, Dec. 17, 1965

21
   “We’re poor”
Chavez, Ross Tapes.

22
   “felt like they were equal”
Ibid.

23
   “lost our independence”
Ganz,
Why David Sometimes Wins
, 144

24
   “in community organizing”
“Cesar Chavez Talks About Organizing,”
Movement
, Dec. 1965