The Crusades of Cesar Chavez (86 page)

13
   increased pay to $90
Tape of Jun. 13–18, 1975, NEB meeting, UFWA

14
   “This is our entire life”
“Chavez Vows to Continue Fight,”
Los Angeles Times
, Jul. 22, 1973

15
   olive-green jailhouse dress
Gerard Sherry, “Dorothy Day Speaks from Jail,” Aug. 10, 1973, Catholic News Service

16
   Chavez was suddenly optimistic
Levy diary, Jul. 20–30, 1970, JEL Tape 120

17
   “learned more about concern and solidarity”
Tape of Cleveland rally, Jun. 29, 1973, UFWA

18
   “it’s our strike too”
Tape of Chavez speech, Jun. 25, 1973, UFWA

19
   “It’s not that serious”
Interview with Sherry, Jun. 1973

20
   “whores in the camps”
Levy notes and diary of negotiations, JEL Tape 120

21
   “make them feel small”
Quigley, Dec. 9, 1973, TAY, Box 9, Folder 10

22
   “arming of the strikebreakers”
Fighting for Our Lives

23
   “series of beatings”
Ibid.

24
   died at 1:00 a.m.
FBI report, in Stanley Pottinger papers, Folder 126b, Ford Library

25
   Daifullah wrote home
Daifullah letters, Hartmire papers

26
   “We are going to win”
De la Cruz eulogy, Hartmire papers

27
   Chavez was out of money
Pottinger papers, Ford Library

28
   “the cops were behind it”
Tape of Chavez interviewed by Winthrop Griffith, n.d., UFWA

29
   “how can I be discouraged?”
Jan. 13, 1974, TAY, Box 9, Folder 1

30
   spent more than $5 million
UFW LM2 report to U.S. Department of Labor, 1973

31
   “This is our work”
Tape of press conference in Salinas, 1973, UFWA

Chapter 24

Sources: Transcript and tapes of 1973 founding convention; UFW Constitution; tapes of NEB meetings, Dec.17–23, 1973, Mar. 27–Apr. 1, Oct. 12–15, and Dec. 16–23, 1974, and Mar. 25–28, 1975; Levy tapes and notes; Taylor files; author interviews with Dalzell, Ganz, Medina, Orendain, and Padilla.

1
   sown the seeds
Levy notes, Sep. 23, 1973, JEL, Box 6, Folder 205

2
   16-by-24-foot mural
Almaraz explanation of mural, on FMDP website

3
   “win or lose”
Sep. 21, 1973, JEL Tape 17b

4
   “they believed that power corrupts”
Tape of Chavez with students, Feb. 10, 1978, UFWA

5
   crafted the brief preamble
Ibid.

6
   “Some of the best people”
Levy tape, Sep. 23, 1973, JEL, Tape 18A

7
   “All colors, all shapes, all sizes”
Transcript of convention proceeding, in possession of author

8
   more than eighty budgets
Quigley interview, Dec. 9, 1973, TAY, Box 9, Folder 10

9
   “you deal with the problem”
Chavez, May 15, 1969, JEL, Box 1, Folder 133

10
   “he must get control”
Levy notes, Nov. 13, 1973, JEL, Box 4, Folder 164

11
   Quigley made decisions
Quigley interview, Dec. 9, 1973

12
   “whole idea of administration”
Chavez with boycotters, Mar. 16, 1974, JEL, Box 4, Folder 168

13
   “they knew all these things”
Tape of Mar. 25–28, 1974, NEB, UFWA

14
   “biggest problem is car and telephone”
Tape of Dec. 1973 staff meeting, UFWA

15
   “making you guys responsible”
Tape of Dec. 17–23, 1973, NEB, UFWA

16
   “This week is my week”
Ibid.

17
   “We’ll know what to do”
Tape of Dec. 16–23, 1974, NEB, UFWA

18
   “give me some time to be in La Paz”
Ibid.

19
   Ross chastised Chavez
Tape of Oct. 12–15, 1974, NEB, UFWA

20
   “nobody is going to work against you”
Richard Chavez to Levy, Jun. 1974, JEL, Box 4, Folder 173

21
   “unity is more important”
Tape of Mar. 25–28, 1975, NEB, UFWA

Chapter 25

Sources: Maricopa County Organizing Project archives; Yuma
Daily Sun
; Levy tapes of European tour; tapes of NEB meetings, Mar. 27–Apr. 1, Jun. 11–14, Oct. 12–15, and Dec. 16–23, 1974; author interviews with Barry, Devereux, Gutierrez, Liza Hirsch Medina, and Padilla.

1
   the headline
Winthrop Griffith, “Is Chavez Beaten?”
New York Times
, Sep. 15, 1974

2
   “that didn’t indicate much support”
Sacramento Bee
, Feb. 23, 1974

3
   “We bought a goddamn strike”
Tape of Mar.27–Apr. 1, 1974, NEB, UFWA

4
   “I don’t ever get tired”
Chuck Powers, “Chavez and the State of his Union,”
Los Angeles Times
, Jun. 23, 1974

5
   “I kidded myself”
Levy tape, Oct. 9, 1974, JEL Tape 112

6
   In a dozen speeches
Levy tapes, Sep. 16–24, 1974, JEL Tapes 108–9

7
   “there stood Monsignor Higgins”
Chavez report to NEB, Dec. 1974, Hartmire papers

8
   “We were overjoyed”
Levy tape, Sep. 27, 1974, JEL Tape 110

9
   “It was recognition for us”
Levy tape, Oct. 9 1974, JEL Tape 113

10
   spent $80,000 a week
Details of wet line from tapes of Oct. and Dec. 1974 NEB, UFWA

11
   denounced the wet line
“UFW Expects to Hear,”
Yuma Daily Sun
, Nov. 18, 1974

12
   “They bought off the police”
Stories by Tom Barry, MCOP, Accession 1994-1302, Box 4

13
   the simple mechanism
Riverside Sheriff department reports, Byrd papers

14
   Manuel provided entertaining accounts
Tape of Dec. 16–23, 1974, NEB, UFWA

15
   “activity has got to stop”
“3 Convicted UFW Members,”
Yuma Daily Sun
, Jan. 14, 1975

16
   Manuel and Cesar tacitly acknowledged
Tape of Dec. 16–23, 1974, NEB

17
   held him in jail
Ibid.

18
   “he started buying everybody off”
Barry stories, MCOP papers

19
   “some mind-boggling stuff”
Hartmire to Chavez, Dec. 24, 1974, OOP2, Box 44, Folder 10

20
   “It’s like playing poker”
Tape of Dec.16–23, 1974, NEB

21
   “all sorts of grief”
Ibid.

22
   “Cesar forgives Manuel”
Matthiessen, 332

23
   “don’t make people any better”
American Labor Magazine
, Feb. 1971

24
   He dismissed questions
“Chavez Offers Olive Branch,”
Yuma Daily Sun
, Oct. 17, 1974

25
   the “Illegals Campaign”
Tape of Jun.11–14, 1974, NEB, UFWA

26
   “get the illegals out of California”
Chavez memo to all entities, May 24, 1974, in possession of author

27
   directed Jerry Cohen to retaliate
Tape of Oct. 12–15, 1974, NEB, UFWA

28
   “let’s go after them”
Tape of Jun. 11–14, 1974, NEB

29
   “come here to become rich”
Chavez, Mar. 17, 1974, JEL, Box 4, Folder 171

30
   one of his companions disappeared
“UFW Brings Picketing Back,”
Yuma Daily Sun
, Jan. 6, 1975

31
   dismissed questions about violence
“Chavez Accepts $5,000 Check,”
Yuma Daily Sun
, Jan. 10, 1975

32
   Cesar appeared with Manuel
“Police Brutality is Chavez’s Complaint,”
Yuma Daily Sun
, Jan. 31, 1975

33
   vegetarian diet
Taylor interview, Oct. 14, 1973, TAY, Box 8, Folder 18

34
   the royal “we”
President’s Oct. 1974 report to NEB, in possession of author

35
   Paul Hall lectured Chavez
Levy notes, Sep. 26, 1973, JEL Tape 123

36
   “trying to build a union”
Richard Chavez to Levy, Jun. 1974, JEL, Box 4, Folder 173

37
   “Poor Peoples Union”
Tape of Dec. 16–23, 1974, NEB

38
   meeting with Fred Ross
Notes on Jan. 29, 1975, meeting, Ross Papers, Box 12, Folder 3

39
   “life can have meaning”
Hartmire, “The United Farm Workers Are Alive and Well,” Oct. 1974, Hartmire papers

40
   “he’s an idealist”
Meany interview, Aug. 29, 1974, AALA, Folder 1974

41
   told Sally Quinn
“Indefatigable Cesar Chavez,”
Washington Post
, May, 4, 1975

42
   “God and his wife, Helen”
La Voz de Pueblo
, Nov/Dec. 1972

43
   “just the same old guy”
Jan. 13, 1974, TAY, Box 9, Folder 1

Chapter 26

Sources: Levy interviews with Cohen and Nathan; Tapes of NEB meetings, Dec. 17–23, 1973, Jun. 11–14, Oct. 12–15, Dec. 16–23, 1974, and Mar. 25–28, 1975; author interviews with Cohen, Dalzell, and Nathan.

1
   sick to his stomach
Cohen interview and tape of Jun. 30–Jul. 2, 1977, NEB, UFWA

2
   “run out of time”
Tape of Dec. 17–23, 1973, NEB, UFWA

3
   hold firm
Tape of Jun.11–14, 1974, NEB, UFWA

4
   “get those bastards out”
Tape of Dec. 16–23, 1974, NEB, UFWA

5
   “We have to introduce legislation”
Tape of Oct. 12–15, 1974, NEB, UFWA

6
   inaugural address
http://governors.library.ca.gov/addresses/34-Jbrown01.html

7
   “problem is going to be our friends”
Tape of Dec. 16–23, 1974, NEB

8
   “go after Gallo”
Tape of Oct.12–15, 1974, NEB

9
   “self-confident picture”
Mahony report to Ad-Hoc Farm Labor Committee, Jan. 27, 1975, AALA, Folder 1975

10
   invited Zaninovich
Mahony to Zaninovich, Mar. 8, 1975, AALA, Folder 1975

11
   Gallo also told Mahony
Mahony notes, Jan. 7, 1975, AALA, Folder 1975

12
   marchers reached
Modesto
Tape of rally in Modesto, Mar. 1, 1975, UFWA

13
   phones began to ring
Dalzell to Chavez, Mar. 7, 1975, Dalzell papers

14
   Chavez told the board
Tape of Mar. 25–28, 1975, NEB, UFWA

15
   “farmworkers are not the status quo”
Brown, Paradigm Productions, 1995, FMDP

16
   “we made some deals”
Tape of Mar. 25–28, 1975, NEB

17
   Brown asked Chavez
Details of negotiation from Levy interview with Chavez, Aug. 1, 1975, JEL, Box 29, Folder 572; Brown interview, Paradigm; and Mar. 1975 NEB

18
   Chavez sent back word
Dalzell to Chavez, Apr. 11, 1975, Dalzell papers

19
   “That is part of their plan”
Mahony to Manning, Apr. 27, 1975, AALA, Folder 1975

20
   argument he had used with growers
Brown interview, Paradigm Productions

21
   “The whole fight’s going to change”
Chavez, May 17, 1975, JEL, Box 29, Folder 575

Chapter 27

Sources: Transcript of UFW 1975 convention; transcripts of ALRB hearings and election records of the ALRB; Govea papers; tapes of NEB meetings, Jun. 13–18, Sep. 22, and Oct. 10, 1975; author interviews with Cohen, Ganz, Medina, Nathan, and Washburn.