Surfaces and Essences: Analogy as the Fuel and Fire of Thinking (139 page)
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Authors: Douglas Hofstadter,Emmanuel Sander
Fresnel, Augustin-Jean,
212
Freud, Sigmund,
132
,
259
,
362
,
501
Freudian slips,
259
friendship crumbling to bits,
133
fringe members of categories,
14
Fromkin, Victoria,
259
frozen assets/liquid assets
membrane, breaking of,
476–477
functional and visual analogies, reinforcing,
277–278
fund-raising in American universities,
109
Funes, Ireneo, lacking ability to abstract,
188
Funk & Wagnalls 1932 dictionary,
201
,
396–397
furniture
, fringe members of the category,
528
—G—
Galilean relativity, principle of,
466–468
,
485
,
486
,
492
Galilei, Galileo,
130
,
466
,
471
; compared with two-year-old Lenni,
45
; extending the concept
Moon
,
43–45
,
147
,
210
,
217
; hypothetically admiring Einstein,
392
; seeing not moons but quote-unquote “Moons”,
64
; of the soccer ball, the,
222
; using the Tower of Pisa to investigate falling objects,
493
,
493
; work on sound waves by,
210
Galois, Évariste: discovery of key link between polynomials and radicals,
446
; group theory invented by,
446–447
; killed in debate,
274
,
448
; opening the Pandora’s box of abstraction in mathematics,
448
; of tobacco science, the,
222
Gauss, Karl Friedrich,
498
Gaussian primes,
448
gearshift, as perceived by novice
versus
by expert driver,
340
,
343
,
344
Gelenk, Gregorius,
464
generalization: of Doppler effect,
470
; by Einstein,
467–468
,
473–474
,
484
; of Galilean relativity,
467–468
,
485
; going hand-inhand with abstraction in math,
449
; as irresistible drive in
mathematics,
444
,
447–449
; of 3-D space to 4-D space-time,
498–499
; of 2-D Gaussian geometry to 4-D geometry,
499
;
see also
category extension
general relativity,
see
relativity, general
genericide,
217–218
genius: compared with child,
45
; irrationality at the core of (Hoffmann),
501
; spotting essences of important situations,
452
;
versus
mediocrity, silly stereotype of,
452
genius of a given language,
120–124
geometrical interpretation, as rendering abstract mathematical concepts more real,
443
George’s thesis advisor, judged by analogy with the reader,
157
German language,
6
,
8
,
9
,
12
,
369
; compound words in,
87
,
465
gestalt psychology,
349–350
“get”, broken into many concepts in French,
80
Gevrey-Chambertin Premier Cru Les Cazetiers Dominique Laurent 1996
,
245
,
256
Ghent, Admiral, definition of intelligence by,
125
Gick, Mary,
436
gilding the lily in the Copycat domain,
352-353
gist-finding,
see
essence-spotting
gists, sacrificed through wanton acts of abstraction,
107
“give”, metaphorical use of,
6
,
64–65
glass of water: conflated with one-dollar bill,
280
; falling floorwards,
389
glass on shelf, as multi-categorized by Mr. Martin,
189–191
Glucksberg, Sam,
228
God is a sniper
category,
168
Gödel, Kurt,
455
Goldstone, Robert, lexical blend by,
265
golf concepts, typical,
49–50
golf obsession,
301–302
golfer
, as example of concept with halo,
49–50
Goodman, Nelson,
302
good taste
versus
bad taste in the Copycat domain,
349–352
,
355–358
;
see also
dizziness
Google Translate: performance of,
369
,
374
,
377
; techniques employed in,
368–369
,
372–374
“Google”
versus
“google”,
218
gotta
situations,
42
grammar: as a domain for analogy-making,
69–70
; mastery of, as crucial to translation,
376–377
“grand”, broken into two concepts in French,
80
Grand Canyon seen solely as color pattern,
163
;
see also
Danny
grandmother, as marginal member of category
mommy
,
36–37
grandparents ⇒grandchildren
conceptual slippage,
276
,
356
grasshopper/human
analogy,
387
gravitation/acceleration
analogy,
491–492
,
493–494
,
496
,
499
gravity: bending light,
496
; having only relative existence,
494
; as indistinguishable from acceleration,
491–492
,
493–494
,
496
; as needing an explanation, yet unnoticed,
18
; propagation of, across space,
489–490
gravity/electrostatics
analogy,
489–491
gravity/fictitious force
analogy,
491–492
“Gray Rectangle on Gray Background”,
296
Greece’s hand
re
Falkland Islands forced by analogy,
332
Greek letters, irrelevance of, in understanding mathematical ideas,
392–394
Grieg, Edvard, face of,
182–184
,
520–522
grocery stores, navigated by analogy,
23
,
156
“gros”, broken into two concepts in English,
80
groups (mathematical),
446–447
,
448–449
; division of one by another,
448–449
growth of a category from sequence of instances,
182–184
,
336
,
520
,
522
guilty
and
innocent
as categories,
512
,
514
,
528–529
Gutman, Kellie,
47–49
; parallel poems by,
160
,
380–381
Gutman, Richard,
47–49
,
159–161
,
166
,
380–381
Gyro Gearloose,
197
—H—
h, see
Planck’s constant
“hacker”, old-fashioned and new definitions of,
397
halo of concepts surrounding each concept,
49–50
,
62
,
64
,
150–151
,
328
,
335
; constantly moving outwards,
62
hamburger:
different ideas of, in American and French cultures,
122
; gender of,
427
; replaced by soft-drink bottle in caricature analogy,
326
; used in Paul Newman’s caricature analogy,
318
hammer:
as category (not) involving relationships among parts,
517–518
; making everything look like a nail,
301
Hampton, James,
56
hand/foot
analogy,
15
,
50
,
323–324
“happiest thought of my life” (Einstein),
494
Haussdorff, Felix,
444
“He who will steal an egg will steal an ox”,
106–109
; upbeat interpretation of,
109
heart:
as category involving relationships,
517
; as member of category
pump
,
518
heart/finger
analogy,
464–465
heat-capacity anomaly explained by Einstein’s sound-quantum hypothesis,
461
Heisenberg, Werner,
453
“here”, as mediating mundane yet subtle analogies,
23
,
142
Herz, Hartmut,
464–465
hesitations in speech as audible traces of silently seething subterranean competition,
263
,
269
,
281
heureux
versus
heureuse
,
9
hierarchy of concepts, blurriness of,
52–54
high-level perception,
452
Hilbert spaces,
444
historical precedents in wartime decisions,
17
,
331–337
history repeating itself,
313
;
see also
political analogies Hitchcock
, Alfred,
59
Hitler, Adolf: annexing Sudetenland,
332
,
334
; as baby,
427
;
caricature analogy involving,
319
; contaminating the name “Adolf”,
514
; as hackneyed source for political analogies,
17
; pluralized,
335
; of snuggling, the,
222
Hoagland, Tony,
132
Hobbes, Thomas,
38
; ranting against metaphors,
21–22
Hoffmann, Banesh,
473
,
474
,
477
,
480
,
481
,
482
,
495
,
500–501
Hofsander, Dounuel, finishing up book in French and English on the unity of analogy-making and categorization,
529–530
Hofsander, Katyanna, as Katy/Anna fusion,
23
,
32
,
529–530
Hofstadter, Carol: coming up with caricature analogy,
318
; driving across U.S. with family,
160
; gawking at random hole,
163
; lemon-sized brain tumor of,
312–313
; signing with maiden name,
148–149
,
174–175
Hofstadter, Danny, 283: eating water,
40
; playing with ants and leaves at edge of Grand Canyon,
159–167
,
171–174
Hofstadter, Douglas: choosing among greetings in Italian,
45–46
; coming up with caricature analogies,
317–318
; conflating glass of water with dollar bill,
280
; as disillusionee and disillusioner,
171
; encoding a significant event in real time,
174
; as error collector,
259
; falling momentarily for
categories = boxes
,
436
; as father disappointing daughter re button,
169–170
; gawking at random hole,
163
; given hope by an analogy,
313
; lecturing on analogies in physics,
452–453
; reminded of an experience forty years later,
169–170
; study and office of,
47–49
; taking coffee break,
185
,
317
; two blue cars of,
283
; watching son at Grand Canyon,
30
,
159–161
; as youngster enchanted by number patterns,
169–170
Hofstadter, Monica, 283: enchanted by noises from Dustbuster,
169–170
,
174
Hofstadter, Oliver, as neighborhood star,
218
Hofstadter, Robert: as father disappointing son
re
subscripts,
169–170
,
174
; study and office of,
47–48
holes in the way a language fills conceptual space,
see
lacunæ
horizontal
versus
vertical category extensions,
463–468