Pakistan: A Hard Country (89 page)

Women:

67.2 years

Literacy (2010)

Total population:

55.9 per cent

Men:

68.2 per cent

Women:

43.6 per cent

Population by province (1998 census) 56 per cent

Punjab:

(approximate)

22 per cent

Sindh:

(approximate)

13 per cent

North West Frontier Province (NWFP): (approximate)

7 per cent

Balochistan:

(approximate)

Federal y Administered Tribal Areas 2.5 per cent

(FATA):

(approximate)

Territory of Pakistan

803,940 square kilometres (340,000 square miles) plus 85,000

square kilometres (32,818 square miles) for Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas, both disputed with India

Territory by province

347,000 square

Balochistan:

kilometres

205,000 square

Punjab:

kilometres

140,000 square

Sindh:

kilometres

74,000 square

NWFP:

kilometres

Federal y Administered Tribal Areas 27,000 square

(FATA):

kilometres

13,000 square

(Azad Kashmir):

kilometres)

72,000 square

(Northern Areas):

kilometres)

Human Development Index (2006)

Pakistan:

0.539 (comparable to Ghana)

Urban:

0.656 (comparable to South Africa) Rural:

0.496 (comparable to Togo)

Urban Punjab:

0.657 (comparable to Tajikistan)

Urban Sindh:

0.659

Urban NWFP:

0.627 (comparable to India)

Urban Balochistan:

0.571

Rural Punjab:

0.517 (comparable to Sudan)

Rural NWFP:

0.489

Rural Balochistan:

0.486

Rural Sindh:

0.456 (comparable to Eritrea)

Index

Abbas, Athar

Abbas, Ghulam

Abbasi, Ashraf

Abbotabad

Abdul Latif, Shah

Abdul Qadir, Emir

Abdul Wahab, Muhammad

Abdullah, Maulana Mohammed

Abdur Rahman, Emir of Afghanistan (Abdurrahman Khan) Abdur Rehman, General Akhtar

Abdur-Rahman (labourer in Mohmand Agency) Abraham Lincoln, USS

adjournments, legal

Advani, Lal Krishna

Afghanistan

anti-Soviet jihad

army

border with Mohmand Agency

border with Pathan areas

and British

effect on Western policy towards Pakistan heroin trade in

Indian consulates in

Indian involvement in

Indian Muslims in

invasion of India

Islamist groups in

Lashkar-e-Taiba and

loyah jirga

militants in

Muslims in

Northern Alliance

and Pakistani political parties

Pakistani trade with

Paktika province

and Pathans

poverty of

Soviet occupation of

suicide bombings in

Sunni refugees from

support for Baloch rebels

Taleban militias

threat from

US attacks on Al Qaeda bases

US drone attacks

warfare

see also Mujahidin; Taleban, Afghan; United States of America, invasion and occupation of Afghanistan Afghans

in Balochistan

and Pathans

Africa

sub-Saharan

Afridi, Latif

Afridis

Agra

Agran

Ahl-e-Hadith

Ahmed, Akbar S.

Ahmed, Feroz

Ahmed, Ishfaq

Ahmed Khan, Sir Syed

Ahmed, Nadeem

Ahmed, Rana Aftab

Ahmed, Sayyid Mansur

Ahmedi sect

aid

international

US

Akbar, Emperor

Akhund, Iqbal

Akhundzada family

Al Qaeda

leaders of

Alaska Permanent Fund

alcohol

Taleban and

Alexander the Great

Algeria

Ali, Mohsin, Moth Smoke

Ali, Rehmat

Ali, Tariq, Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State Aligarh

Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College

University

Allahabad

Allahdin, Surriya

Alpial Rajputs

Alsace-Lorraine

Altaf, Samina

Ambela pass

American Indians

animism

Ansari, Sarah

anti-Americanism see United States of America, hostility to anticolonialism

anti-Shiism

Arabia

Arabic (language)

Arabs

Armitage, Richard

arms and explosives

Arthur, Andrew

Aryans

Al-Asad, Bashir

Ashfaq, Mian Mohmahhed Kashif

Ashraf Khan, Mehmood

Asia

‘Asian tigers’

Asif (Peshawar police officer)

Aslam, Imran

Aslam, Masoud

assassinations of Pakistani politicians Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal

Attock

Gazetteer

Auchinleck, Field Marshal Sir Claude Aurangzeb, Emperor

Awadh

Awami League

Awami National Party (ANP)

anti-Americanism

anti-Taleban propaganda

and army

attitude to Taleban

and Bashir Bilour

and Yunus Buner

class feeling in

coalition with JUI

compared with JUI

and Karzai

Afzal Khan and

and khans

Ladies’ Wing

leaders

and MQM

and Nizam-e-Adl agreement with Swat as NWFP government

offices: east Karachi; Peshawar

and Pakistani army

and Pathan nationalism

and Peshawar University

and Syed Shahi

splits in

student supporters of

and Taleban

and TNSM

under British rule

and Wali Khan family

Awan, Anwar

Awans

Ayub Khan, President Muhammad

and Ataturk

‘Basic Democracy’ scheme

coup

and family planning

hunting in Sindh

and industrial growth

land reform

and Rawalpindi

in retirement

as secular reformer

and US

Azad, Maulana Abdul Kalam

Aziz, Sartaj

Aziz, Shaukat

Baba Farid

Babar, General Nazeerullah

Babokot

Bagh, Mangal (Mangal Bagh Afridi)

Bahawalpur

Bajaur Agency

Bakrani

Balakot

Baledis

Baloch (language)

Baloch, Liaquat

Baloch Independence Day

Balochistan

Afghan Taleban in

as artificial creation

British census (1998)

cantonments

and chieftains

compared with FATA

compared with Sindh

deserts

development budget and ministers

District Gazetteer

education in

ethnic groups in

extent of territory

farmers

frontiers

gas fields

geography

government ministers

and Hazaras

jirgas

JUI and

and Kashmir

landowners in

mining (copper and gold)

and MMA

nationalism in see nationalism, Baloch and Pakistan

Pathans in

police

population

poverty in

Provincial Assembly

Punjabis in

saint worship

terrorism in

tribes, tribal culture

water crisis in

wealth of

Baloch people

descendants of

insurgencies

in Karachi

languages of

militant

nationalist see nationalism, Baloch as politicians

and Punjabis

in Sindh

in southern Punjab

traditional code

tribes

women, treatment of

Bamian, destruction of Buddhist statues Bandaranaike dynasty

bandits see dacoits

Bangash, Taqi

Bangash tribe

Bangladesh (earlier East Bengal, East Pakistan) independence

traditional legal codes

two-party balance

al-Banna, Hasan

baraka (spiritual power)

Bareilly

Barelvi, Syed Ahmed

Barelvis (Ahl-e-Sunnat)

Barnes, Sir Hugh

Barth, Fredrik

Basant festival

Beas, river

Bedouins

Beg, General Mirza Aslam

Bengal

Bengal Regiment

Bergen, Peter

Best, Leslie Duncan

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)

Bhitshah shrine

Bhopal

Bhutto, Ali (son of Mumtaz Ali Bhutto) Bhutto, Amir Baksh

Bhutto, Benazir

and Afghan Taleban

assassination

and Babar

charisma of

and Altaf Hussain

Jabbar on

mausoleum of

ministers

and MQM

Musharraf and

and role of Shariah in Swat

and Aftab Khan Sherpao

will

Bhutto, Sardar Mumtaz Ali

Bhutto, Sir Shah Nawaz

Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali

and Ayub Khan

and Balochistan

and Bilawal

economic policies

execution

hostility to US

and hunting in Sindh

and ISI

and Islamist parties

and JUI

on Kashmir

land reforms

laws

as ‘liberal’

mausoleum

and military

modernization

and Mohajirs

and Mumtaz Ali

nationalization programme

on nuclear weapons

and PML(N)

political style

and PPP

reform attempts

and saint’s shrine

and Sindhis

socks of

Bhutto family

as ‘feudals’

mausoleum

as Shia Muslims

and United Party

wealth of

‘Bhuttoism’

Bible

Bihar

Bijrani, Azar Khan

Bijrani sub-tribe

Bilour, Bashir

Bilquis (at Zarina Colony)

bin Laden, Osama

biradiri

see also kinship system

bled-es-makhzen

bled-es-siba

blood feuds

boar hunting

Bohra Muslims

‘Bollywood’

Bolsheviks

Bombay see Mumbai

Bombay Presidency

Bosnia

Brahmins

Brahui

Brasstacks centre

Brazil

bribery see corruption

Britain, British Empire

Afghanistan wars

and ANP

attacks on Multan

and Balochistan

codes of public service

colonialism

community in Peshawar

conquest of Sindh

and East Bengalis

expedition to Swat

and Frontier Corps

gazetteers

hostility to

and independence and partition

and ‘Indian Mutiny’

intelligence services

legal systems

local architecture under

military system

and Mohmand Agency

and Mujahidin

and mullahs

and Muslim world

and Pakistan armed forces

Pakistanis in Britain

and Pathans

politicians in

and Quetta

Raj (rule of India)

relationship with Pakistan

rise of

and Sardars

terrorist attacks in

and tribal rebellions in FATA

and Waziristan

see also Durand Line

British Military Reconstruction Fund Buddhism

Bugti, Sardar Ali

Bugti, Nawab Akbar

Bugti, Nawabzada Ali

Bugti, Nawabzada Baramdagh

Bugti, Nawabzada Jamil

Bugti, Salar

Bugti, Talal

Bugti tribe

Kalpur sub-tribe

Buller, R. Hughes

Buner (district)

Fakir of

police

Taleban seizure of

visit to

Buner, Yunus

burials, live

Burma

‘burn and scuttle’ strategy

Burnes, Sir Alexander

burqa

Bush, President George W.

administration

hostility to

Bushra, Colonel

‘butcher and bolt’ strategy

Calcutta

Caliphate see Khilafat

Canada

canal colonies

cantonments, military

capitalism

triumphalist

Carnatic region

Caroe, Sir Olaf

caste system

Catholicism

Caucasians, Muslim

census

1901

1911

1951

1961

1988

1998

2006

boycotts of

next

Central America

Central Asia

Pakistani trade with

Chaghi

Chakwal

Chamalang

charities

Charsadda

Chaudhary, Muhammad Azam

Chaudhry, Iftikhar

Chaudhury, Pervez Elahi

Chaudhury, Shujaat Hussain

Chaudhury (as title)

Chauhan Rajput

Chechens

Chechnya

Chekhov, Anton

Chen One chain

Chenab, river

Chile

China

alarm over Buner takeover

alleged support of Taleban

armed forces

army

Ayub and

corruption in

energy pipeline

harvest

nuclear testing

and Red Mosque siege

‘string of pearls’ strategy

and survival of Pakistan

US and

water storage

Chiragh Din Joneka

Chitral

Christianity

fundamental

hostility to

and Pathans

Churchill, Winston

‘The Malakand Field Force’

CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)

Citizens’ Foundation

civilian casualties/deaths

clans, local

class, and kinship

climate change

Clinton, Bill, administration

Clinton, Hillary

CNN

Cold War

colonialism

common law, English