Nation and Family: Personal Law, Cultural Pluralism, and Gendered Citizenship in India (72 page)

Shri Gurcharan Singh v. Shrimati Waryam Kaur
(1960),
149–150

Shri Kishan Chand v. Smt. Munni Devi
(2003),
160

Shyam Chand v. Janki
(1966),
160

Singh, Kirti,
193

Sirigiri Pullaiah v. Sirigiri Bushings Amma
(1962),
159

Sitaram v. Demai
(1941),
162

Sivaramayya, B.,
180
,
186

Sm. Pancho v. Ram Prasad
(1956),
149

Smt. Anubha v. Vikas Aggarwal
(2002),
160

Smt. Asha Handa v. Baldev Raj Handa
(1984),
160

Smt. A. v. Sri B
. (1990),
173

Smt. Harvinder Kaur v. Harmander Singh Choudhry
(1984),
168–169

Smt. Leela Pande v. Shri Sachendra Kumar Pande
(1994),
156

Smt. Saroj Rani v. Sudarshan Kumar Chadha
(1984),
168
,
169–170

Smt. Sumitra Devi v. Narender Singh
(1993),
173

Smt. Surrinder Kaur v. Mohinder Singh
(1967),
171

Smt. Swayamprabha v. A.S. Chandrasekhar
(1982),
156

Smt. Tirath Kaur v. Kirpal Singh
(1964),
170–171

Smt. Vanamala v. Shri H.M. Ranganatha Bhatta
(1995),
157–158

Snehlata Seth v. Kewal Krishan Seth
(1986),
160

social institutions: Foucault’s study of,
31–32
; state authority and,
18–19
,
20
,
21
,
266–267
,
271–272
,
273–275

social projects: discursive practices and,
31–32
; influences on,
28–29
; state-society relations and,
29–31

social solidarity, as consideration influencing policy proposals,
110–111
,
113

social structure: personal-law reform and,
71–72
; religious norms and regional custom and,
33–40

Solomon Devasahayam Selvaraj v. Chandirah Mary
(1968),
170
,
255

Som, Reba,
101
,
106
,
133

Sonubai Yeshwant Jadhav v. Bala Govind Yadav
(1983),
182

Special Marriage Act (SMA): adultery as grounds for separation under,
153
,
155
; changes in,
92
; compared to Hindu Marriage Act,
120
,
130
; constraints on choice to be governed by,
92
,
126–127
,
129
,
300n87
; polygamy and maintenance rights under,
177
; in postcolonial policy formation,
126–130
; as step to a Uniform Civil Code,
127

spousal reconciliation: and adultery as grounds for divorce,
156
; encouragement for,
144–146
,
156
,
162–163
,
165
,
169
,
196
,
216
,
225
,
234
,
248–249
,
251
; restitution of conjugality and,
165
,
168–169

Sreenivas, Mytheli,
36
,
102–104
,
292n44

Sri Lanka,
39
,
49–50
,
76
,
294n69

Sri Lanka Freedom Party,
49–50

state: formation of,
266–271
; formation of, and lineage authority,
18–19
,
21–22
; influences over approaches to formation of,
271–277
; minorities and formation of,
62–64
; secular, and recognition of religion,
40–41
,
269–270
.
See also
state authority; colonial state(s); state-society relations

state authority: consolidation of,
271–273
,
277
; and regulation of family,
18–23
,
100
; state-society relations and,
29–30

state-society relations,
18–19
,
28–32
; and consolidation of state authority,
271–273
,
277
; discourses of community and,
45–46
,
72
,
266
; personal-law reform and,
70–72
; relevant features of,
45
,
47
; Turkish and Tunisian personal-law reforms and,
74–76

stridhanam
,
114
,
174
,
308n101

Subramani v. Chandralekha
(2004),
164

succession.
See
inheritance

Sudan,
69
,
71–72
,
279

Sukumar Dhibar v. Smt. Anjali Dasi
(1983),
157

Sumitra Devi v. Narender Singh
(1993),
173

Sunder Rajan, Rajeswari,
236
,
239
,
246
,
292n37

Swapna Ghosh v. Sadananda Ghosh
(1989),
255

Swaraj Garg v. K.M. Garg
(1978),
172–173

Syria,
77
,
296n95

Syro-Malabar Catholic Church,
230
,
261

Tai v. Harishchandra
(1984),
156

takhayyur
,
94
,
207
,
240

talaq-ul ba’ in
,
215–216
,
225
,
247–251
.
See also
unilateral male repudiation

Tara Singh v. Shakuntala
(1974),
162–163

Taylor, Charles,
45

Telugu Desam,
188

testamentary rights,
54
,
115
,
117
,
122
,
123
,
125–126
,
132
,
133
,
135
,
182
,
187
,
189
,
190
,
191
,
193–195
,
198
,
280–281
,
282
,
283–284
,
312n159

Thailand,
111

Tilak, Bal Gangadhar,
15

traditional elites: and minority laws,
64
; regimes dominated by,
47–48
,
57
; regimes with links with,
5
,
71

traditionalists, orientation of, towards family law,
15–16
,
28
,
53–54
,
64
,
83
,
84–86
,
88
,
89
,
103
,
207
,
292n45

tradition(s): Christian law and understanding of religious,
214
,
234–235
; dynamic,
5
,
6–7
,
8
,
9–22
,
30–31
; dynamic, and family law,
54
,
67
,
94–95
; formation of,
266–277
; and Hindu law,
12–13
,
45
; Islamic, and Muslim law,
2–3
,
8
,
35–36
,
206–209
,
222–225
; Islamic and other indigenous,
81–83
; policy makers’ understanding of minority,
232–233
; recognition of indigenous,
14
,
37
,
81–83
,
278

tribal groups: Christian mobilization and,
204
,
213–214
,
229
; customary law and women’s rights among,
131
,
134
,
300n92
,
311n140
; customs and law applied to,
9
,
162
; laws applied to,
8
,
9
,
110
,
124
; preferences in education, government employment, and political representation, and land rights of,
7
,
44
,
293n64
,
301n3

T. Sareetha v. T. Venkata Subbiah
(1983),
167–168
,
169
,
308n92

Tunisia: authority over family regulation in,
21–22
,
34
; coalitions and family-law reforms in,
274
,
276
; consolidation of state authority in,
271–272
; as example of extensive early reform,
72–76
; personal law in,
5
,
71
; regimes and personal-law reform in,
53–54

Turkey: coalitions and family-law reforms in,
52
,
274
; consolidation of state authority in,
271–272
; early republican regime of,
275–276
; as example of extensive early reform,
72–76
; homogenist nationalist narratives and policy in,
59–60
,
63
,
275
; modernity and authenticity in,
67
,
68
; personal law in,
5
,
54
,
71
; power of social institutions limited in,
267
,
270
; regimes and personal-law reform in,
52–53
,
54
,
72–73
; secularism in,
68
,
273
,
275–276
,
286–287
,
296n96

Tyabji, Badruddin,
208

UCC (Uniform Civil Code).
See
Uniform Civil Code (UCC)

ulama
: and adjudication in Indonesia,
37
,
51
; alimony and,
238
,
239–240
,
241
; and Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act,
211
; Free Officers regime and,
49
; and Islamic law in Tunisian reforms,
75
; and Muslim law reform,
10–11
,
97
,
203
,
206–211
,
223–224
; oppose restriction of Islamic law,
10
; and patrilineages,
35
,
43
; recognition of custom and,
43
,
210
; reform initiatives of,
231
; Shariat Act and,
43
,
203
,
211

ultimogeniture, female,
300n92

Uniform Civil Code (UCC): and agenda for further personal-law reform in India,
285
; Christians and,
87
,
204
,
227
; consolidation and reform of Hindu law as
step toward,
85
,
108
,
128
,
131
,
135
,
139
; constitutional status of,
84
,
95
,
100
,
219–220
; Hindu nationalists’ support for,
15
,
135–136
,
203
,
222
,
279–280
,
282
,
285
,
314n29
; Indian nationalists’ views on religious minorities and,
203
; judiciary and,
86
,
234
,
241
,
245
,
250
; and mobilization regarding Christian law,
227
; Muslims and,
219–220
,
221
,
241
; Muslim support for,
97
,
219–220
; postcolonial policy formation and,
95
,
131
; sources of,
92
,
129
,
203
,
212
,
227
,
241
,
279–280
; Special Marriage Act as step toward,
92
,
127
; support for,
84
,
139
,
146
,
203
,
220
,
241
; time frame to introduce,
95
,
117
,
222
,
242
,
285
; women’s organizations and,
222
,
227
,
228

unilateral male repudiation: AIMPLB and,
224
,
225
,
249
; Allahabad High Court’s treatment of,
234
; Bombay High Court on,
216
; demands to limit recognition of,
146
,
212
,
222–223
,
225
; judicial limits on,
89
,
160
,
205
,
232
,
234
,
247–251
,
263
; Justice Baharul Islam on,
248
; among Muslims,
215–216
; recognition of,
153
,
163–164
,
216
,
313–314n16
.
See also talaq-ul ba’ in

United Malay National Organization,
49–50

United National Party,
49–50

United Progressive Alliance (UPA),
190
,
191
,
198

United States: constitution in,
42
; family law in,
19–20
,
34
,
39
,
269
; recognition of religion in,
40–41

urban groups: family formation and,
36–37
; Moroccan monarchy’s relationship with,
48
; and lineage power,
35

vanguardist regimes,
47–48
,
52–54
,
57
,
71
,
274

V. Bhagat v. Mrs. D. Bhagat
(1994),
152–153
,
302n19

Venkataraman, R.,
116–117

Vietnam,
279

violence: and cruelty as grounds for divorce,
148–150
,
152
; ethnic,
220
,
225–226
,
247
; laws to support women and children facing domestic,
176
,
179–180
,
193
; Muslim law reform and,
247

Viswanathan, T.K.,
312n153

Western cultural practices and institutions: accommodation of, in India,
69
; modernity and authenticity and,
68
,
69–70
; and nature of changes in Hindu law,
100
,
101
; recognition of religion and,
33
,
42
; and regulation of family,
20–21
,
33
; Turkish personal-law reform and,
52–53
,
75
; Turkish republican regime and,
68
,
74–76
,
275–276