Margaret Thatcher: The Autobiography (138 page)

Reed, Douglas:
Insanity Fair
, 23

Rees, Merlyn (
later
Baron Merlyn-Rees), 224

Rees, Peter, 600

Rees-Mogg, William (
later
Baron), 35

Renton, Tim (
later
Baron), 713, 723, 725

Renwick, Robin, 541

Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 422

Retail Price Index (RPI), 271, 606, 710

Retail Price Maintenance, 85

Reykjavik summit (1986), 513, 517–18

Reynolds, Quentin, 18

Rhodes: European Council meeting (1988), 481, 681

Rhodesia, 212, 230, 286–9;
see also
Zimbabwe, Republic of

Ridley, (Sir) Adam, 156, 181

Ridley, Nicholas (
later
Baron): and industrial development, 137; promoted, 140; MT joins Economic Group, 164; appointed to Foreign Office, 262; as Transport Secretary, 422; moves to Environment Department, 558, 569, 601–2; and 1987 election campaign, 560, 564; housing reforms, 569, 576–8; and countryside planning, 592; promotes community charge, 601–4; and water privatization, 623; on monetary union in EC, 646; MT considers for Chancellor,
647; disregarded as Party leader, 660; moves to Trade and Industry, 661–2; leaves Trade and Industry, 724; supports MT in 1990 leadership election, 728

Rifkind, Sir Malcolm: resigns over Scottish devolution, 197–8; as Scottish Secretary, 494; meets Gorbachevs, 509; meets P.W. Botha at Chequers, 535; and community charge in Scotland, 602; disavows MT in 1990 leadership contest, 729

Right Approach, The
(Conservative document), 193, 221

Right Approach to the Economy, The
(Conservative document), 221

Rimington, Dame Stella, 92

riots (domestic), 325–8

Rippon, Geoffrey (
later
Baron), 125, 129, 179

Robbins Report (on higher education), 118

Roberts family, 1

Roberts, Alfred (MT’s father): background and shopkeeping career, 1–2; courtship and marriage, 2; character and principles, 3; as mayor of Grantham, 10, 13, 55; interests and activities, 12–13; reading, 15, 17, 22–4; civic appointments, 16–17; wartime duties, 26; supports MT as Dartford candidate, 47, 50; interest in law, 55; death, 104

Roberts, Beatrice (née Stephenson; MT’s mother): courtship and marriage, 2; household management, 9–10; death, 71

Roberts, Cissie (MT’s stepmother), 104

Roberts, Edward (MT’s uncle), 2

Roberts, Grandmother, 12

Roberts, John (MT’s great uncle), 6

Roberts, Muriel (MT’s sister),
see
Cullen, Muriel

Robilliard, Joy, 258, 734

Robinson, Derek, 311–12

Rolls-Royce: aerospace division, 128; MT’s policy on, 311; privatization, 620

Romania, 684

Romanov, Grigory, 506

Romberg, Sigmund:
The Desert Song
, 7

Rome: airport terror attack, 499; European Council meeting (1990), 666, 668–9, 711

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 42

Rossi, Hugh, 151

Rotary Club, Grantham, 9, 13

Rothschild, Victor, 3rd Baron, 119–20, 558, 598–9

Rover Group, 621

Royal Society: MT’s speech to (1988), 593

Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), 472–3, 478

Russia
see
Soviet Union

Ryan, Patrick, 480–1

Ryder, Caroline (
later
Lady;
née
Stephens), 260

Ryder, Richard (
later
Baron Ryder of Wensum): as head of MT’s private office, 182; in Downing Street, 260; Plan (1975), 310 & n; discussions on 1990 budget, 618; campaigns for MT in 1990 leadership contest, 709, 727; withdraws support from MT in 1990 leadership election, 730; and Major’s succession to Party leadership, 736

Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 521–2

Saatchi & Saatchi (advertising agency), 225, 252, 411–12, 560

Sadat, Anwar, 530

Saddam Hussein: and Iran-Iraq war, 296; aggression against Kuwait, 671, 698–9, 703–5; threat to Saudi Arabia, 698, 700; defeated, 702; Western actions against, 702, 710; and Allied war aims, 706; survives First Gulf War, 707

Sakharov, Andrei, 211

Salisbury, Robert Cecil, 5th Marquess of, 84

Salote, Queen of Tonga, 55

SALT II (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks), 211, 384

Saltley Coke Depot, Birmingham, 309, 437

Sands, Bobby, 467–8

Saudi Arabia: Iraqi threat to, 698, 700, 702; and blocking of Iraqi oil exports, 700; US forces in, 701–2; British support for, 702

Scargill, Arthur: and 1972 miners’ strike, 135; as successor to Gormley, 323, 325; militancy, 325, 436–7, 440; dealings with MacGregor, 438; opposes pit closures, 439, 444, 450; in 1984–5 miners’ strike, 442–3, 452, 454; dominance, 444; served with writ, 453; intransigence, 455

Scarman, Leslie George, Baron, 219, 326–7

Schlesinger, James, 208

Schlüter, Poul, 653, 659

Schmidt, Gerhard, 32

Schmidt, Helmut: official visit to London, 264–5; and MT’s determination to reduce British EC budget contributions, 281,
291–2; at Tokyo G7 meeting, 284–5; supports Britain in Falklands War, 351; and Trident programme, 384; and deployment of missiles, 672

Scholey, Bob, 309

schools: secondary, 100, 106–7, 109–10, 117; direct grant, 106; leaving age, 106; free milk and provision of meals, 111–13; primary, 113–14, 118; in Conservative 1987 election manifesto and campaign, 560–1, 564–5; grant-maintained, 565, 571–2, 575; and reforms (1988), 570–1;
see also
education; grammar schools

Schools Examination and Assessment Council, 573

science: government funding and support, 592–4

Scoon, Sir Paul, 429

Scotland: MT visits, 183; devolution question, 196–8, 237–8, 265; in 1979 election campaign, 249–50; rate revaluation, 599; community charge introduced, 602–3, 607

Scotland and Wales Bill (1977), 196–8, 237

Scotney Castle, Lamberhurst, Kent, 226 & n, 232

Scott, Nicholas, 164, 179–80

Scottish Conservative Conferences: (1979), 265; (1983), 408

Scottish National Union of Mineworkers, 440

Scottish Nationalist Party (SNP), 196, 237–8

Scowcroft, Brent, 683, 700

Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles (SLCMs), 675

Seccombe, Dame Joan, 567

Seldon, Arthur, 157

Selective Employment Tax (SET), 90

‘Selsdon Man’, 76, 102

Selsdon Park weekend (1970), 101–2, 121

Shackleton, Edward Arthur Alexander, Baron, 340

Shah, Eddie, 442

Shah of Iran (Muhammed Reza Pahlavi), 334

Shamir, Yitzhak, 532–3

Sheffield
, HMS, 369

Shelepin, Alexander, 204

Shelton, Sir William, 167–9, 171–2, 174, 709

Sherbourne, Stephen, 409, 559, 561, 568

Sherman, Sir Alfred: supports Keith Joseph’s Centre for Policy Studies, 156–7; and Milovan Djilas, 213; and John Hoskyns’ strategic plan, 231; and trade unions, 233; recommends Niehans as adviser, 320

Shevardnadze, Eduard, 674

Shore, Peter (
later
Baron), 129

Short, Edward (
later
Baron Glenamara), 108

Short-Range Nuclear Forces (SNF), 673, 675, 681–3, 694–5

Shotton steel works, North Wales, 306–7

Shultz, George, 389, 431, 516, 518

Sikorsky helicopter company: and Westland affair, 488–92

Silkin, John, 413

Silverman, Sydney, 97

Simon, Bill, 208

single currency: Conservative resistance to, 711–12, 719

Single European Act (1985–6), 554–5, 653–4

Sinn Fein, 473

Sir Galahad
(landing ship), 378

Sir Tristram
(landing ship), 378

Sirs, Bill, 304, 307–9

Skegness, 12

Skinner, Dennis, 735

Skinner, Rev., 7–8, 54

SLADE printing union, 241, 302–3

Smith, Ian, 212

Smith, Paddi Victor, 72

Soames, Christopher, Baron, 262, 289, 331

Soames, Mary, Lady (née Churchill), 289

Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP, Northern Ireland), 465, 467, 469–70, 472, 476, 479

Social Democratic Party (SDP): alliance with Liberals, 332, 393; policies, 394; on trade union control, 399

Social Security: and benefits, 79–81; and case work, 80

Social Security, Department of: Moore heads, 584

socialism: established in Britain, 40–1; MT’s hostility to, 417, 586, 619; and EC’s Social Charter, 659

society: moral values, 96–8, 586–7; MT’s view of, 402–3, 587–90; and state intervention, 586–7

SOGAT, 309

Solidarity (Poland), 334, 387, 676–80, 683

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 211

Somerville College
see
Oxford University

South Africa: arms embargo, 123; USA proposes and imposes sanctions, 212, 536; conditions and system, 525, 534–5; rioting
and unrest (1985), 535–6; rule in Namibia, 535; discussed by Commonwealth heads at Nassau (Bahamas) meeting, 536–8; and ‘eminent persons group’, 538–9; attacks ANC bases, 539; Special Commonwealth Conference on, 539; EC proposes sanctions, 540–1; reforms and changes, 541, 543–5; under de Klerk, 541; violence between blacks, 543; MT visits, 543; sanctions relaxed, 544

South Georgia, 340, 342–3, 356, 359, 361–2, 364–5, 371

South Korea: airliner shot down by USSR, 504

South Sandwich Islands, 340–1

Southall: riots, 326

Southern Thule, 341

Soviet Union: pact with Nazis (1939), 24; Hitler invades, 26–7; hostility to West, 42; MT visits, 99, 507–8, 516, 519–22; China separated from, 203; Kissinger’s policy on, 203; and Helsinki Summit, 204–7; MT criticizes, 204–5, 210; and nuclear arms control, 204, 211, 382, 397, 424, 517–19; as threat, 211–13; invades Afghanistan, 213, 284, 293–5, 297, 338, 384, 521; and Third World, 334, 338; and Falklands War, 346, 352–3; defence expenditure, 381; seeks to split NATO powers, 381–2; and Polish martial law, 387; US sanctions against, 387–9; and West’s Cruise missiles, 395–6; Reagan’s policy on, 424; gives support to striking NUM, 453; MT’s policy on, 504–6; proposes nuclear-free zone in Europe, 504; shoots down South Korean airliner, 504; and anti-ballistic missiles, 513; and Strategic Defence Initiative, 515, 519; expulsions from Britain, 516; Gorbachev assumes leadership, 516; aspiration to world communism, 520; dissidents and
refuseniks
in, 522; decline, 666; borders, 668; West’s relations with after communist collapse, 670; political crisis and control of nuclear weapons, 671; arms control negotiations and agreement with USA, 673, 675; and Gorbachev’s reforms, 673–4, 684, 691–2; withdrawal from Afghanistan, 674–5; Reagan visits, 675–6; and collapse of communism, 684; opposes German reunification, 685–6

Soward, Mr & Mrs Stanley, 48

Spain: supports Argentina in Falklands dispute, 352, 377; and US air attack on Libya, 501; admitted to EC, 549–50

Special advisers, 405

Special Air Service (SAS), 296

Special Commonwealth Conference on South Africa, 539

Spicer, Michael, 406

Sri Lanka, 537

SS-20 missiles (Soviet), 672

Stalin, Joseph, 42

Stalingrad, 27

Stalker-Simpson Report (on shoot-to-kill in Northern Ireland), 478 & n

Standard Spending Assessment (SSA), 606

Stanley, John, 151, 195

Stansgate, William Wedgwood Benn, 1st Viscount, 35

START (Strategic Arms Reduction Talks: US-Soviet), 674–6

state, the: and moral values, 96; in operation of economy, 298

States of Emergency: (1970), 122; and 1972 miners’ strike, 135

Steel, David (
later
Baron), 96, 198, 223, 564

Stephenson, Grandmother, 12

‘Stepping Stones’ operation, 231–2

Stevas, Norman St John (
later
Baron St John of Fawsley), 319

Stock Exchange (London), 422; and Black Monday, 634

Stowe, Ken, 256, 261

Strachey, John:
The Coming Struggle for Power
, 23

Strasbourg: European Council meeting (1989), 663, 689

Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI), 504, 511–15, 517, 519, 521, 676

Strauss, Norman, 231

Streator, Ed, 352

strikes: restricted under Heath, 127, 141; and imprisonment of strikers, 138; in winter of 1978–9, 215, 227–8, 231, 236, 241; steel (1980), 306–9; at British Leyland, 313; civil service (1981), 323; prevention, 399–400; and essential services, 400, 406; reduced, 613;
see also
dock strikes; miners’ strikes

student loans, 575

student protest, 114–15

student unions: financing, 114–15

Stuttgart: European Council meeting (1983), 470

Suez crisis (1956), 60–1

Sumner, Donald, 69

Sun
(newspaper), 111–12, 201

Sunday Graphic
, 55

Sunday Times
, 453

Sununu, John, 700

supply side (of economy), 612

Suzuki, Zenko, 377–8

Switzerland: MT holidays in, 423

Syria, 426, 703

Taiwan, 528

Talleyrand, Charles-Maurice de, 7

Tamworth manifesto (1835), 404

Tanzania, 337

Taraki, Nur Muhammed, 293

TASM (nuclear weapons), 694

Tax and Price Index (TPI), 171n

taxation: Labour policy on, 102; Heath cuts, 126; and mortgage interest relief, 151–2, 615, 617; MT’s proposals on, 155; basic rate increased (1975), 185–6; basic rate reduced (1978, 1979), 225, 300; and Conservative budgets, 271–2, 616; indirect, 271; in Howe’s 1981 budget, 321–2; reforms under Conservatives, 560, 615; property, 597; Lawson’s reforms, 616

Taylor, Teddy, 198, 253

Tbilisi, Georgia, 522–3

teachers: salaries, 154; training and qualifications, 575

Tebbit, Margaret: injured in Brighton bombing, 461, 567

Tebbit, Norman (
later
Baron): in Department of Industry, 320; as Employment Secretary, 331, 398; proposes limiting trade unions’ immunities, 398; in 1983 election campaign, 407, 411; moved to Department of Trade and Industry, 422; and miners’ strike (1984), 442; injured in Brighton bombing, 460–1; as Party Chairman, 485, 559; and Westland affair, 487, 490; differences with MT over British Leyland, 497; press criticisms of, 559; and strategy for 1987 election, 559–60, 562, 567; attacks Kinnock in 1987 election, 566; leaves government to care for wife, 567, 569; opposes single currency, 712; MT proposes for Education Secretary, 713; supports MT in 1990 leadership contest, 718, 723–7, 731–2