Margaret Thatcher: The Autobiography (133 page)

Cartland, Barbara, 92;
Ronald Cartland
, 24

Cartledge, Sir Bryan, 266, 516

Carvel, Robert, 155

Catholic Church: and Northern Ireland problem, 567–8; and situation in Poland, 677

Catto, Henry, 698

Cavaco Silva, Anibal, 659

Ceausescu, Nikolai, 684

Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB): and threat of coal strike, 438, 440; coal consumption, 443; maintains power supply in 1984–5 miners’ strike, 455; and privatization, 623–5

Central Office: changes under MT’s leadership, 180–1

Central Policy Review Staff, 119

Centre for Policy Studies: Keith Joseph establishes and heads, 156–7, 159, 177; MT joins, 156; relations with Conservative Research Department, 181; recommends Conservative policies to MT, 184

Challenger tank, 704

Chamberlain, Neville, 22, 34

Change is our Ally
(Conservative Party document), 193

Channon, Paul, 150, 496, 498, 509, 660–1

Charter 77 (Czechoslovakia), 211

Cheltenham, 607–8

Cheney, Dick, 700

Chequers (house), 266, 736–7

Chernenko, Konstantin, 507–8, 510, 516, 550

Cheysson, Claude, 547

child care, 590–1

Child Poverty Action Group, 163

Child Support Act (1991), 590

Child Support Agency, 590

Childe, Rev., 8

Chile: in Falklands dispute, 352

China: separated from Soviet Union, 203; claims and policy on Hong Kong, 390–2, 525–9; MT visits, 390–1, 525, 528; development, 524

Chope, Chris, 732

Churchill, Sir Winston: repudiates Munich Agreement, 22; wartime broadcasts, 25; election defeat (1945), 36–8, 708; on A-bomb, 41; speech at Llandudno Conference (1948), 47; in Albert Hall Conservative Women’s rally, 53; resigns as Prime Minister (1955), 59; ‘iron curtain’ speech, 520; on democracy not respecting persons, 708; on rumours of resignation, 728

civil service: advice to ministers, 80; MT’s relations with, 106; recruitment frozen, 264, 273; MT reforms practices, 273–6; size reduced, 273, 275, 277

Clark, Alan, 730

Clark, Joe, 284

Clarke, Kenneth: as Health Secretary, 584–5, 661; as potential Party leader, 660; as Education Secretary, 714; on MT in 1990 leadership election, 728–9

Clegg, Hugh, 242, 264, 272

closed shop (trade unions), 218–19, 221, 236, 240, 269, 301–2, 400, 613

coal industry: and stocks, 141, 443; government investment in, 323; proposed closures, 323–4; threatened strike (1981), 323–5, 437–8; history in UK, 437; pit closures and redundancy offers, 439, 452; subsidies, 439; uncompetitiveness, 457;
see also
miners’ strikes

Cockfield, Arthur, Baron, 551

Colchester, 45

Cold War: Reagan and, 335, 504, 512; and cruise missiles, 338

collectivism, 38, 121, 142

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), 130, 262, 282, 290, 433

Common Fisheries Policy, 130

Commons, House of: MT’s early activities in, 71–6, 81; place of women in, 72–3; MT’s performances in, 165, 168, 184, 236, 270, 496, 502, 734; and Prime Minister’s Questions, 270, 401, 563, 646–7, 774; debates on Falklands crisis, 347–8, 358, 373; televised, 563; debates situation in Gulf (1990), 704; No Confidence Debate (1990), 734–5

Commonwealth: support for Britain in Falklands dispute, 351–2

Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings (CHOGMs): Lusaka (1980), 286–8; Melbourne (1981), Delhi (1983), 430; Nassau (1985), 536–8; Vancouver (1987), 541; Kuala Lumpur (1989), 541

Commonwealth Immigrants’ Bill (1968), 93

communism: ideology, 19–20; Hayek on, 42–3; and human rights, 206; as threat to West, 297; Reagan condemns, 389–90; disintegrates in Europe, 670, 683, 710

community charge: MT defends, 595, 597–8, 607–11; proposed, 599–603; Conservative Party differences on, 602–3; introduced in Scotland, 602–3; effect on individual households, 604; estimated level, 604–6; popular hostility to, 605, 607, 726; abandoned, 610

Community Land Act, 269

Confederation of British Industry (CBI): discusses prices and incomes policy, 129; and trade union reform, 305–6; opposes MT on monetarism, 319; Industrial Trends Survey, 329

Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE): Paris summit (1990), 715, 720–3

Congdon, Tim, 632

Conqueror
, HMS (submarine), 368

Conquest, Robert, 204, 209, 505

Conservative Party: electoral defeat (1945), 36–40; National Union Executive, 53; election victory (1955), 60; state intervention under Macmillan, 62; policies, 76–7, 101–2, 184, 193, 404–5; leadership contest (1963), 84; narrowly loses 1964 election, 84–5, 87; routed in 1966 election, 89; and unresolved
February 1974 election, 147–9; manifesto (October 1974), 159; loses October 1974 election, 161; MT elected leader, 173–4; divisions and differences, 216; policy on trade unions, 219–20, 227, 232, 240–2; and Party Political Broadcasts, 225; publicity and advertising, 225–6; on pay policy, 228–9; 1979 election campaign, 245–53; election victory (1979), 253–4; proposes legislation (1979), 269; benefits from Falklands victory, 393–4; funding, 400; privatization programme, 405; organization and finances, 407; landslide victory in 1983 election, 416; Tebbit appointed Chairman, 485; Central Council, 519; record and policies in 1987 election, 557–8; legislative programme (1987), 559; election campaign (1987), 560–2; manifesto for 1987 election, 563–4; election victory (1987), 568; poor result in 1989 European election, 658; leadership election procedures, 708; MT stands and loses 1990 leadership contest, 708–10, 714–15, 718–32; Conferences: 1946 (Blackpool), 39–40; 1948 (Llandudno), 45; 1966 (Blackpool), 91; 1975 (Blackpool), 18, 188–91; 1977 (Blackpool), 221; 1978 (Brighton), 225, 228–9; 1980 (Brighton), 315; 1981 (Blackpool), 332; 1984 (Brighton), 458–61; 1987 (Blackpool), 602; 1990 (Bournemouth), 709

Conservative Political Centre: annual lecture, 95

Conservative Research Department (CRD), 181, 405, 409

Conservative Trade Unionists, 251–2

Cook, Beryl, 47, 56

Cooke, Robin, 171

Cope, John, 167

Corby: steel works closed, 307

Corby Glen, near Grantham, 43

Corfield, Fred, 128

corporal punishment, 77

Cortonwood colliery, 440

Cossiga, Francesco, 385

Costa Mendez, Nicanor, 353, 357–8

council houses: provision, 151; and right to buy, 152–3;
see also
housing

Coventry
, HMS, 374–5

Coward, Sir Noël:
Present Laughter
, 10

CPRS: report leaked, 401–2, 415

Crawford, Cynthia (‘Crawfie’): as MT’s personal assistant, 260; and Brighton bomb, 459–60; helps MT with wardrobe, 563; and Lawson’s resignation, 646; in Paris with MT (1990), 721; packs for MT after resignation, 734, 736

Craxi, Bettino, 552–3

crime: and punishment, 419; increase in, 587–9

Criminal Justice Act (1988), 588

Criminal Justice Bill (1961), 77

Crosland, Anthony: in Oxford Labour Club, 40; educational policy, 107; attacks MT’s housing proposals, 155; attacks Conservative October 1974 manifesto, 159

Crossman, Richard, 81

Cruise missiles: deployment, 334, 338, 383–4, 430, 433, 672; control of, 395–6, 414

Cuba, 209, 294, 334, 428, 535

Cuckney, Sir John, 487–8, 491–2, 495

Cullen, Muriel (née Roberts; MT’s sister): birth, 2; pen friendship with Austrian Jew, 21–2; wartime nursing, 26; visits MT in Blackpool, 41; MT acquires car from, 53

Czechoslovakia, 22, 211, 684, 692

Daily Express
, 251

Daily Mail:
on MT as Education Secretary, 111–12, 117; on MT’s 1975 Conference speech, 191

Daily Telegraph:
election parties, 52, 103; praises MT’s Commons performance, 91; on MT as Education Secretary, 111; MT writes in, 170, 201; supports MT in leadership election, 173; on MT’s speeches on foreign affairs, 210

Darbishire, Helen, 33

Darkley, Co. Armagh, 470

Dartford, Kent (constituency), 45–53

Darwin, Falkland Islands, 375

Davidson, Mimi, Lady, 40

Davies, Edmund (Lord Justice), 263

Davies, John: economic advice, 124, 126; and industrial unrest, 133–5; White Paper on Regional Development, 137; leaves Trade and Industry, 140; favours confronting unions, 145; as Shadow Foreign Secretary, 195

Day, (Sir) Robin, 35, 185, 233, 308, 410

Deal: Royal Marines School of Music bombed, 481

death penalty: abolition, 97

Declaration of Intent
(1964), 90

Deedes, William (
later
Baron), 182

defence: budget and spending, 316–18; in 1987 election campaign, 565–6;
see also
missiles; nuclear weapons

de Klerk, F.W., 541–2, 544–5

de la Billière, General Peter, 296, 705

De L’Isle and Dudley, William Sidney, 1st Viscount, 217

Delors, Jacques: as French Finance Minister, 434; as President of European Commission, 550, 555, 653, 655; chairs committee of European bankers, 640–1; Report (on Economic and Monetary Union), 643–4, 648–50, 658–9; advocates federalism in Europe, 654, 668, 712; reports on talk with Gorbachev, 668–9

Democracy in Trade Unions
(green paper), 399

Democratic Unionist Party (DUP, Northern Ireland), 465, 469

Deng Xiaoping, 390–2, 525–6, 528

Denmark: opposes IGC at Milan, 553; supports MT in opposing Central Bank, 653

Depression (1930s), 18–19

détente, 203, 205, 208, 294

devolution (Scotland and Wales), 196–7, 237–8

Diamond, Jack, 90

Dicey, A.V., 68

Diego Garcia (island), Indian Ocean, 384–5

diplomacy: MT’s view of, 524

District Health Authorities (DHAs), 581–2, 584

divorce, 589–90; law, 96–7

Djilas, Milovan, 213

dock strikes (1984), 446–7, 449

Dodd, Ken, 252

Dodds, Norman, 51

Dorneywood (house), 662

Douglas-Home, Sir Alec (
earlier
Lord Dunglass;
later
Baron Home): speaks at Oxford, 40; and widows’ pensions, 81, 84; as Party leader, 84–5, 87; qualities, 85; as Shadow Foreign Secretary, 92; as Foreign Secretary under Heath, 123; in Lords, 165; reviews procedures for electing Party leader, 165, 708

Downing Street (No. 10): organization, 257–8; as home, 258–60; MT leaves, 734, 737–8

Druze: in Lebanon, 426–7

Dublin: European Council meetings, (1979), 290–1; (1984), 549–51; (1990), 665

du Cann, Edward: as Chairman of 1922 Committee, 140, 179; hostility to Heath, 164; as potential Party leader, 167–8; welcomes MT at 1922 Committee meeting, 177; declines Shadow Cabinet appointment, 179

Duff, Sir Anthony, 288

Duport Steels (company), 304

East Germany: in Africa, 294; flight to West, 683

Eastern Europe: MT’s policy on, 506–7, 676; potential membership of EC, 571; collapse of communism in, 670–1, 683–4, 710; liberation of, 735

Eccles, David, 1st Viscount, 105

Economic Dining Group, 164

Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), 629–30, 640–3, 646, 648–9, 652–3, 663–4, 666–7

Economic Policy Committee, 120

Economic Reconstruction Group, 184, 220

Economist
(journal), 222, 402

Eden, Anthony (
later
Earl of Avon), 40, 53, 59, 61, 728

Edith (Austrian Jewish refugee), 21–2

Education: A Framework for Expansion
(White Paper), 117–18

education: and selection at secondary level, 100–1; socialist ethos and Conservative policy, 105–8, 269, 417; MT’s policy as Secretary of State, 107–18; nursery, 116, 118; higher, 118; in 1987 election campaign, 564–6; and national curriculum, 570, 572–4; reforms after 1987 election victory, 570; voucher scheme, 570–1; and teacher training, 575;
see also
schools

Education Act (1976), 110

Education Reform Act (1988), 570

Education and Science, Department of: MT as Shadow Minister, 99–100; MT as Secretary of State, 105–18; and national curriculum, 572

Edwardes, (Sir) Michael, 310, 312–13

Edwards, Nicholas, 220, 308, 559

Egypt: MT visits, 530

EH 101 project, 487

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 60

Eisenhower
, USS (carrier), 374

Eksund
(ship), 477

electricity: generation, 92; prices increased, 277; privatization, 620, 623–6

Elizabeth II, Queen: Coronation, 54–5; summons MT to form government (1979), 255; MT’s audiences with, 256, 737; at Heads of Commonwealth meetings, 287; informed of progress in Falklands dispute, 364; dissolves Parliament (1983), 408; and MT in 1990 leadership election, 727; and MT’s resignation, 732, 734, 737

El Salvador, 423

‘Eminent Persons Group’ (on South Africa), 538–9

Employment Acts (and Bills), (1980), 303–6;

(1982), 398–9; (1988), 613; (1990), 613

Enders, Thomas, 352

Endurance
, HMS, 342–3

Energy, Department of, 625

Engineering Employers’ Federation (EEF), 301

engineering industry: dispute (1979), 301

Enniskillen, Co. Fermanagh: bomb, 477

environment: concern for, 592

Environment, Department of the, 120, 125, 149, 599–601, 604

European Assembly: direct election to, 198–9; powers, 552

European Bank of Reconstruction and Development, 663

European Central Bank: MT opposes, 652–4

European Commission: presidency, 433

European Community (Union): negotiations for British entry, 77, 82–3, 125, 129–32, 201; Enoch Powell opposes, 94, 129, 131, 146; and British financial contributions, 129–30, 201, 265, 281–3, 290–3, 297, 434, 546–9, 652; referendum on membership, 200; farm surpluses, 282; support for Britain in Falklands War, 352; policy on South Africa, 544; shift towards statism and centralism, 546, 550; bureaucratic complexity, 550, 652; and proposals for Single Market, 551, 553–5, 652, 659; powers and authority, 554; economic and monetary policy, 555; enlargement, 556; on water quality, 592; Finance Ministers’ meeting (1989), 645; federalist aims, 652, 654–5; Franco-German axis, 652, 663; aims for economic and monetary union, 653–4; extends authority, 655–6; MT opposes growing powers, 655–6, 669, 710; Social Charter, 658–9, 664; and political union, 664–5, 667–9; and GATT agreement on agriculture, 667–8; East European memberships, 671;
see also
Common Agricultural Policy