Manufacturing depression (70 page)

Newsweek,
272

New York Psychoanalytic Society,
124
,
125

New York State Hospital Psychiatric Institute,
78

New York Stock Exchange,
120

New York Times, The,
122
–24,
136
,
147
,
151
,
185
–86,
188
–90,
303
,
304
,
310

Nihilism, therapeutic,
73
–74,
86
,
96
,
139
,
240

Nilevar,
191

Nixon, Richard,
215
,
265
–66

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA),
175
–76

Nobel Prize,
2
,
10
,
12
,
53
,
124
,
137
,
195
,
196
,
330

Noonday Demon, The
(Solomon),
29

Norepinephrine,
195
,
196
,
267

Norethandrolone,
191

Nosology,
64
,
99
,
241
,
243
,
244

descriptive,
62

Freudian,
184

Kraepelinian,
68
,
73
,
78
,
86
,
88
,
377
n

Offerkrantz Complaint,
243

Old Gold cigarettes,
219
–20

On the Edge of Darkness
(Cronkite),
358

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest
(Kesey),
41
,
347

Opium,
51
,
206

Opportunistic infections,
50

Oral Roberts University School of Medicine,
318

Organology,
66
,
67

Osheroff, Rafael,
298
–99

Osler, William,
83

Osmond, Humphrey,
165

Page, Irvine,
4
–5

Papakostas, George,
102
–4,
106
,
130
–32,
169
,
171
–74,
176
–77,
253
–54,
282
–83,
286
,
367

Paracelsus,
140

Paranoid schizophrenia,
41
,
139
,
145

Parens, Erik,
362

Parkinson’s disease,
10
,
40
,
194
–95,
267
,
327
–28

Pasteur, Louis,
52
,
53
,
57

Patent medicines,
204

Paul, St.,
192
n

Pavlov, Ivan,
2
,
3

Paxil,
269
,
273
,
275
,
276
,
278
–79,
349
,
350
,
361

Peale, Norman Vincent,
313
–14

Peirce, Charles,
87

Penicillin,
57
–59,
181
n
,
211

Pepto-Bismol,
154

Perkin, William,
45
,
47
–49,
161
,
195

Pessimism,
31
,
33
–37,
123
,
353

Pfizer, Inc.,
81
,
181
n
,
269
,
275
,
281
,
350

Pharmacopoeia, nineteenth-century,
50
–51

Phenothiazine,
169
,
179
–81

Phobias,
183

Phoenicians,
44

Phrenology,
67
,
322
–26,
329

“Place of Psychology in Psychiatry, The” (Kraepelin),
65

Placebo effect,
51
,
160
,
217
,
301
,
332
,
338
,
356

in clinical trials,
8
,
109
,
201
–4,
219
,
254
–56,
284
–86,
306
,
316

in cognitive therapy,
304
,
306
,
309

doctors use in practice of,
255
,
270
,
272

rejection of,
336

Plato,
52

Pliny the Elder,
44

Poe, Edgar Allan,
23
,
323

Poison Squad,
206

Popper, Karl,
115
,
331
–32

Porter, Kingsley,
133

Porter, Mrs. Kingsley,
133
,
134

Positron emission tomography (PET),
317
,
329

Post-traumatic stress disorder,
118

Power of Positive Thinking, The
(Peale),
313

Prefrontal cortex,
327
,
333

Premature ejaculation (PE),
348
,
349

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD),
38
–39

Princeton University,
366

Principles of Psychology
(James),
87
,
93
–94

Progressive Era,
206

Project Flower,
243

Prontosil,
209

Protestantism,
192
n

Prozac,
48
,
62
,
173
,
272
,
350
–53,
355

fading of effectiveness of,
356

FDA approval of,
269

and increased risk of violent behavior and suicide,
270

introduction of,
6
,
10
–11

marketing of,
23
,
204
,
274
–76,
281

neurotoxicity in high doses of,
154

relabeled as treatment for premenstrual dysphoric disorder,
38
–39

serotonin syndrome caused by,
170

side effects of,
273

societal influence of,
361
–62

Psychoanalysis,
9
,
101
,
121
–26,
165
,
183
,
239
,
286

cognitive therapy and,
288
,
292

DSM-III and,
243

ego psychologist domination of,
121
–22

lay practitioners of,
124
–25,
149
–50,
238

malpractice allegations against,
298
–99

neuropsychiatry and,
330

neurosis treated by,
20

organic factors and,
149

unverifyability of,
115

Wortis and,
134
–36

Psychopathia Sexualis
(Krafft-Ebing),
133

Psychopharmacology,
9
,
23
,
178
,
262
,
268
,
327

see also
Antidepressants;
specific drugs

Psychosis,
14
,
262

affective,
147
,
183

diagnosis of,
235

drug treatments for,
179
–81,
298

in DSM,
14

involutional,
19
,
71

LSD and,
163
–64,
257

manic-depressive,
235
,
259

shock treatments for,
139
,
140
,
144

see also
Schizophrenia

PsychTracker,
358

Ptolemaic astronomy,
247
–48

PubMed,
270

Punch
magazine,
44

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906),
206

Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments (1962),
215
,
216
,
267
,
299

Puritans,
192

Question of Lay Analysis, The
(Freud),
124
–25

Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomology (QIDS),
129

Quinine,
46
–48,
202

Q-LES-Q,
129

Radam’s Microbe Killer,
206
,
207

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs),
202
,
216
,
218
–24

Rauwolfia Serpentina
,
186
–87

RCA Records,
23
,
264

Reactive depression,
184
,
259
,
313

Reader’s Digest
,
274

Realism, depressive,
117
,
254

Receptive aphasia,
325

Recognizing the Depressed Patient
(Ayd),
23
,
262
–65

Regier, Darrel,
342
–44

Reichstag,
120

Reik, Theodor,
124
,
137

Remington, Frederic,
91

Repetition compulsion,
118

Republican Party,
84

“Requiem” (Stevenson),
110

Requip,
41

Research Agenda for DSM-V, A
(American Psychiatric Association),
345

Reserpine,
186
–87,
194
–96

Resilience,
33
,
254
,
286
,
362
,
366

antidepressants and,
327
,
332
,
334
,
353
,
354

cognitive therapy and,
293
,
311
,
314
,
316

Restless leg syndrome (RLS),
40
–41,
43

Reuptake mechanism,
196

inhibition of,
see
Monamine oxidase inhibitors; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Rhône-Poulenc,
179
–80

Richardson-Merrell, Inc.,
213
–14

Riis, Jacob,
91

Rinkel, Max,
164

Rivers, Joan,
358

Rockefeller Institute,
167

Rockland State Hospital,
188

Romans, ancient,
50