Manufacturing depression (71 page)

Rome, University of, Clinic for Nervous and Mental Disorders,
143

Roosevelt, Franklin,
209

Roosevelt, Theodore,
91
,
93

Rosenhan, David,
41
–42,
62
,
133
,
135
,
234
,
250
,
278
,
279
,
281
,
324

Rosenzweig, Saul,
299
–300

Royal College of Chemistry,
45

Ryff Well-Being Scale,
129

S.E. Massengill Company,
208
–9

St. Anthony’s fire,
160

Sakel, Manfred,
136
–37,
142
,
145
–46,
148
,
150
,
151
,
175

Salisbury
(ship),
216
–17

Salvarsan,
57
–58,
71
,
208

SAM-e,
320

Sandoz Pharmaceuticals,
160
–61,
163
–65

Sarafem,
38
–39

Schildkraut, Joseph,
196
–97,
199
,
267

Schizophrenia,
14

diagnosis of,
41
,
228
,
232
,
235
,
237
,
239
,
244

drugs for,
174
,
179
,
180
,
182
,
188

epilepsy and,
140
,
145

psychedelic drug effects mimicking,
167

shock treatments for,
136
,
138
–39,
141
–47,
152
,
180

Schopenhauer, Arthur,
31
,
128

Science
(journal),
41
,
133
,
167
,
194

Scurvy,
216
–18

Sea View Hospital (New York),
185

Secrets of the Soul
(Zaretsky),
121

Sedatives,
255

Seizures, induced,
140
–143

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs),
6
,
269
–70,
327
,
350
–55

clinical trial performance of,
269
,
348
,
350

introduction in U.S. of,
8

lag in effectiveness after starting on,
174

marketing of,
269
,
272
–73,
277

original development in Sweden of,
10
–11

premature ejaculation treated by,
348
–49

side effects of,
270

societal influence of,
362
–63

see also specific drugs

Senate, U.S.,
213
,
215

Anti-Trust and Monopoly Subcommittee,
212

Health and Scientific Research Subcommittee,
266

Judiciary Committee,
213

Serotonin,
2
,
4
–5,
158
–60,
176
,
198
,
268
–69,
319
,
366

catecholamines and,
195
,
196
,
199

dopamine and,
194
–95,
320

glutamates and,
175

imbalance of, theory of,
6
,
175
,
187
,
194
,
274

LSD and,
166
–68,
187

marketing and,
275

syndrome,
170

see also
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Shock treatments,
136
–52,
179
–81,
199
,
259

electroconvulsive,
140
–42,
144
,
146
–47,
150
,
151
,
177
,
347

insulin,
136
–39,
141
,
144
–46,
148
–49,
151
,
175

Shorter, Edwin,
94
,
150
,
299

Simpson, Frances,
190

Sinclair, Upton,
206

Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT),
317
–19,
329
,
334

Sleeping sickness,
54
,
55

Smallpox,
50
,
52
,
68

inoculation against,
56

SmithKline Beecham,
269
,
273

Smith Kline and French (SK&F),
181
,
206
,
207
,
259
,
269

Snow, John,
50

Socratic method,
289
,
312

Sokol, Leslie,
292
–95,
305

Solomon, Andrew,
29
,
338

Soma,
261

Spielmans, Glenn,
270
–71

Spirochetes,
55
,
57

Spitzer, Robert,
239
–41,
243
,
245
,
246
,
265

Spurzheim, Johann,
67
,
322
,
323

Standardized patients (SPs),
278
–79,
281

Stanford University,
350

Steiger, Rod,
358

Steroids,
191

Stevenson, Adlai,
212

Stevenson, Robert Louis,
110

Stockholm syndrome,
130

Stock Market crash of 1929,
120

Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID),
61
,
63
,
64
,
171

Styron, William,
29
,
338

Subgenual cingulate cortex,
327

Substance abuse,
14
,
170
–74,
177
–78,
279
,
330

Suicide,
29
,
133

antidepressants associated with,
11
,
174
,
223
,
270
,
273
,
354

electroconvulsive therapy and decrease in,
146
–47

prevention of,
12
,
72
,
231

thoughts of,
129
,
226
,
230
,
244

Sulfa drugs,
209
–11

Sumerians,
27
,
365

Supreme Court, U.S.,
207
–8,
211
,
215

Symposium in Blues
(record album),
23
,
264
–65

Systema Naturae
(Linnaeus),
69

Syphilis,
50
,
55
–57,
67
,
68
,
70
,
71
,
87
,
90

treatments for,
56
–58,
159
–61

Szasz, Thomas,
237

Tabes dorsalis,
57

Tabula rasa,
99
–100

Tachyphylaxis,
356

Talbott Plan,
243

Temporal lobes,
319

Tennyson, Alfred, Lord,
4

Thalamus,
319
,
328

Thalidomide,
213
–15

Therapeutic nihilism,
73
–74,
86
,
96
,
139
,
240

Theriac,
51

“This Be the Verse” (Larkin),
106
–7,
110

Thomas, Lewis,
202
–3

Thorazine (chlorpromazine),
180
–83,
191

Thuillier, Jean,
168

Time
magazine,
272

Tocqueville, Alexis de,
360
,
363
–65

Tofranil,
265

Tranquilizers,
180
,
213
,
283

minor,
260
–61,
265
,
266

see also specific drugs

Transcranial magnetic stimulation,
247

“Transience” (Freud),
118

Trauma,
118
–20,
233
,
241
,
320
,
321

childhood,
289

Tricyclic antidepressants,
261
–62,
267
,
269
,
270
,
298
,
303
,
347

see also specific drugs

Trypanosomes,
54
,
55
,
57

Tuberculosis,
20
,
50
,
52
,
137
,
174

drugs for,
5
,
185
–86,
188

Twain, Mark (Samuel Clemens),
91
,
322
,
324
–25

Twarog, Betty,
1
–6,
8
,
10
,
43
,
166
,
198

Tylenol,
196

Typhus,
50

Unbehagen in Kultur, Das
(Freud),
120

Unconscious,
9
,
111
,
114
,
115
,
122

United States Pharmacopeia,
206

Vaccination,
53
,
54

Vagus nerve,
3

stimulation of,
347

Valium,
192
,
260
,
261
,
262
,
266
,
267

Varieties of Religious Experience
(James),
39
–40

Varro, Marcus,
50

Vascular endothelial growth factor,
327

Viagra,
348
,
349

Vicodin,
192

Vienna, University of,
134

Violence,
107
,
114

drugs associated with,
11
,
270

Wagner-Jauregg, Julius,
124
,
137

Wakefield, Jerome,
245
–46

Wall Street Journal, The
,
273

Wallace Laboratories,
260

Washington, George,
26
,
51

Washington Challenge,
243

Washington Post
,
215